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While drilling formation pressure monitoring is an important basis for ensuring drilling safety and oil and gas discovery, the calculation of existing pressure monitoring methods is complicated and the accuracy is difficult to improve. Taking the actual well data of well area X in Yinggehai Basin as the object, correlation analysis was first carried out to select and standardize the data features, and relevant effective parameters were extracted. Two kinds of neural networks, back-propagation network BP and back-propagation network GA-BP optimized by genetic algorithm, were used to establish artificial intelligence monitoring models of formation pressure based on 10 kinds of measuring and logging data, respectively. The application effect of the model was evaluated based on the results of monitoring the pressure while drilling. The results show that the monitoring accuracy of the BP neural network model is 91.25%, and that of the GA-BP neural network model is 92.89%. The latter has a better monitoring effect on formation pore pressure. In formation pressure monitoring in areas with a high degree of well control, the introduction of artificial intelligence technology has the advantages of simplicity, speed and high precision, and can provide a reference for other areas of pressure monitoring while drilling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ordovician thick dolostone in Shuntogol area of the Tarim Basin has the potential to form a large-scale reservoir, but its genesis and reservoir development model are still unclear. Starting from a sedimentary sequence, this study takes a batch of dolostone samples obtained from new drilling cores in recent years as the research object. On the basis of core observation and thin section identification, trace elements, cathodoluminescence, carbon and oxygen isotopes, rare earth elements, and X-ray diffraction order degree tests were carried out to discuss the origin of the dolomite and summarize the development model of the dolostone reservoir. The analysis results show that the Ordovician dolomite in the study area had a good crystalline shape, large thickness, high Fe and Mn values, and mostly showed bright red light or bright orange–red light under cathode rays. The ratio of δ18O values to seawater values at the same time showed a negative bias; the δCe values were negative anomalies, the δEu values were positive anomalies, and the order degree was high. This indicates that the dolomitization process occurred in a relatively closed diagenetic environment. The Ordovician carbonate rocks in the study area were low-lying during the sedimentary period, and with the rise of sea level, the open platform facies continued to develop. When the Middle and Lower Ordovician series entered the burial stage, the main hydrocarbon source rocks of the lower Cambrian Series entered the oil generation peak, and the resulting formation overpressure provided the dynamic source for the upward migration of the lower magnesium-rich fluid, and the dolomitization fluid entered the karst pore system in the target layer to produce all the dolomitization. This set of dolostone reservoirs is large in scale and can be used as a favorable substitute area for deep carbonate exploration for continuous study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adopting green technology innovation for buildings (GTIB) is an inherent and inevitable requirement for the building industry to realize green development. However, profit-driven construction developers often engage in opportunistic behavior and are reluctant to embrace GTIB, impeding the effective allocation of resources for innovative development in the market. Previous research has yet to extensively explore the decision-making behavior of construction industry stakeholders that drive GTIB. To explore the impact on critical stakeholders of developers adopting GTIB, this study develops an evolutionary game model involving developers, consumers, and the government, considering the role of developers' opportunistic GTIB strategies and consumer pressure. Subsequently, this model elaborates on the stable operation path by enabling the analysis of the influence of critical factors and combined government regulation and the consumer pressure mechanism. The results show that improving the input–output ratios of green technology, reducing the incremental costs of green building, and setting a reasonable range of incentives are beneficial. Interestingly, reputation has only a limited influence. It is concluded that government action is needed to increase consumer participation. This study helps governments decide how opportunism can be best avoided in promoting the developers' adoption of GTIB while providing theoretical support for designing an effective policy framework that combines government regulation and consumer pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are intriguing approaches to nitrogen fixation and hydrogen production under ambient conditions, given the need to discover efficient and stable catalysts to light up the "green chemistry" future. However, bottlenecks are often found during N2/H2O activation, the very first step of NRR/HER, due to energetic electron injection from the surface of electrocatalysts. It is reported that the bottlenecks for both NRR and HER can be tackled by engineering the energy level via low‐valent transition‐metal doping, simultaneously, where rhenium disulfide (ReS2) is employed as a model platform to prove the concept. The doped low‐valent transition‐metal domains (e.g., Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) in ReS2 provide more active sites for N2/H2O chemisorption and electron transfer, not only weakening the NN/OH bonds for easier dissociation through proton coupling, but also elevating d‐band center toward the Fermi level with more electron energy for N2/H2O reduction. As a result, it is found that iron‐doped ReS2 nanosheets wrapped nitrogen‐doped carbon nanofiber (Fe‐ReS2@N‐CNF) catalyst exhibits superior electrochemical activity with eightfold higher ammonia production yield of 80.4 µg h−1 mg−1cat., and lower onset overpotential of 146 mV and Tafel slope of 63 mV dec−1, when comparing with the pristine ReS2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continuing growth of an offshore wind farm integrated into a power grid via high-voltage DC has posed great challenges for automatic generation control (AGC) of the power system. To address these challenges, a new concept of 'dynamic dispatch of AGC units (DDA)' under control performance standards from the view of economic dispatch (ED) has been proposed in the previous work, and proved to be an effective technique to co-operate the AGC units with different ramping rates and to fill the gap between ED and AGC. However, the existing DDA model is deterministic in nature, which can hardly deal with the uncertain forecasting error of the offshore wind power output. A novel stochastic DDA model based on chance-constrained programming is proposed considering a random offshore wind power forecasting error, and a hybrid algorithm combining the evolutionary programming algorithm and point estimate method is then developed to solve the stochastic model. Numerical results from a two-area test system with additional offshore wind power generation demonstrate the accuracy and computation efficiency of the hybrid algorithm and the benefits offered by the stochastic AGC dispatch method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Dwarfing and semi‐dwarfing are important agronomic traits that have great potential for the improvement of wheat yields. Rht12, a dominant gibberellic acid (GA)‐responsive dwarfing gene from the gamma‐ray‐induced wheat mutant Karcagi 522M7K, is located in the long arm of chromosome 5A, which is closely linked with the locus Xwmc410. Rht12 is likely an ideal gene for GA biosynthesis and deactivation research in common wheat. However, information on the Rht12 locus and sequence is lacking. In this study, Rht12 significantly shortened stem cell length and decreased GA biosynthetic components. Using bulked segregant RNA‐Seq, wheat 660k single nucleotide polymorphism chip detection, and newly developed simple sequence repeat markers, Rht12 was mapped to a 11.21‐Mb region at the terminal end of chromosome 5AL, and was found to be closely linked with the Xw5ac207SSR marker with a 10.73‐Mb fragment deletion in all of the homologous dwarfing plants. Transcriptome analyses of the remaining 483‐kb region showed significantly higher expression of the TraesCS5A01G543100 gene encoding the GA metabolic enzyme GA 2‐β‐dioxygenase in dwarfing plants than in high stalk plants, suggesting that Rht12 reduces plant height by activating TaGA2ox‐A14. Taken together, our findings will promote cloning and functional studies of Rht12 in common wheat. Significance statement: The wheat dominant dwarfing gene, Rht12, reduces stem cell length and decreases bioactive gibberellic acid synthesis, mapped in a region with a 10.73‐Mb fragment deletion on chromosome 5AL terminal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cerebral venous thrombosis is an important etiology of stroke in young patients. Its clinical manifestations are variable and based on different involved venous or sinus processes. Cerebral venous thrombosis could mimic ischemic infarction and is easy to misdiagnose. Although many patients have favorable outcomes, delayed or incorrect diagnosis due to atypical symptoms may lead to a poor prognosis. Here we present a case of a 33-year-old woman with transient headache and recurrent right extremity weakness whose symptoms progressed and were sustained in the hospital. She was diagnosed with ischemic infarction and recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) thrombolysis was performed. However, her symptoms progressed, and intracranial hematoma was found on a computed tomography scan. Ruling out other hemorrhage etiology, we confirmed the presence of cerebral venous thrombosis using magnetic resonance venography. She underwent mechanical thrombectomy and her condition improved thereafter. This case raises the awareness that in young woman patients on oral contraceptives with neurological deficits and headache, cerebral venous thrombosis is a considerable diagnosis. A contrast CT or MRI scan should be ordered in the early course of evaluation, which can help the physician to make the right clinical decision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cerebral venous thrombosis is an important etiology of stroke in young patients. Its clinical manifestations are variable and based on different involved venous or sinus processes. Cerebral venous thrombosis could mimic ischemic infarction and is easy to misdiagnose. Although many patients have favorable outcomes, delayed or incorrect diagnosis due to atypical symptoms may lead to a poor prognosis. Here we present a case of a 33-year-old woman with transient headache and recurrent right extremity weakness whose symptoms progressed and were sustained in the hospital. She was diagnosed with ischemic infarction and recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) thrombolysis was performed. However, her symptoms progressed, and intracranial hematoma was found on a computed tomography scan. Ruling out other hemorrhage etiology, we confirmed the presence of cerebral venous thrombosis using magnetic resonance venography. She underwent mechanical thrombectomy and her condition improved thereafter. This case raises the awareness that in young woman patients on oral contraceptives with neurological deficits and headache, cerebral venous thrombosis is a considerable diagnosis. A contrast CT or MRI scan should be ordered in the early course of evaluation, which can help the physician to make the right clinical decision., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflict of interest to declare., (© 2018 Cai et al. Published by IMR press. All rights reserved.)