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Background: Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is one of the causes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). The increase in survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is closely related to early detection and shortening the first defibrillation time. The implementation of AEDs deployment plan in public places in Hangzhou City provides an opportunity to improve the survival rate after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, and the benefits and potentials are enormous. Aims and Objective: Placing AEDs in public areas can effectively treat patients with pre-hospital cardiac arrest, by evaluating the configuration and usage of public AEDs in Hangzhou during the past five years, to provide the basis for improving the public areas’ configuration AEDs network layout and related training management. Materials and Methods: The number of AEDs in public areas, the use of AEDs and the treatment effect in Hangzhou city from 2015 to 2020 were collected. Results: The number of AEDs in public areas, the use of AEDs and the treatment effect in Hangzhou city from 2015 to 2020 were collected. In 5 years, a total of 1201 AEDs were configured, Placed in densely populated areas such as transportation hubs, schools, and scenic spots as the main locations. 32 patients suffered prehospital cardiac arrest and used AEDs, the average age of the patients was 40.56 ± 17.20, and the ratio of male to female was 3.57:1, In 26 cases, the initial heart rhythm was ventricular fibrillation and defibrillation, Before the first aid personnel arrived, the first witnesses Implement rescue, 22 patients with ventricular fibrillation were resuscitated successfully, 10 cases failed to ROSC. In 6 patients with suspected cardiac arrest, there was no electric shock defibrillation, and the device correctly indicates that the problem is not caused by ventricular fibrillation, In 4 cases, there was no defibrillating rhythm. Conclusion: AEDs in public areas are effectively used to assist in the treatment of patients with cardiac arrest; It can increase the rate of main circulation recovery. We will further increase the number of AEDs in public places, promote first aid training programs for non-professionals, Improving the public health emergency network system is essential to improve the prognosis of patients with cardiac arrest.

What audit tools are available to assess neighborhood suitability for aging in place? Drawing on theories from environmental gerontology, the article outlines physical and social environmental characteristics influencing aging. Eight research audit tools and three community/practitioner tools were identified using a Boolean search strategy. They emphasize walkability and the physical attributes of places. Areas for further development include addressing specific features related to aging, a wider range of environments, additional physical and social dimensions, and conducting audits using technologies and participatory processes to better incorporate aging experiences. For planners, these audit tools raise awareness of how environments can better support aging populations.

The number of older people who need help with daily tasks will increase during the next century. Currently preferences and policies aim to help older people to stay in their existing homes, to age in place, even as they become less able to care for themselves and, increasingly, live alone. However, the majority of homes in the U.S. and many other countries are not designed to support advanced old age or are not located to easily provide support and services. The paper explores the needs of older people experiencing frailty. It examines the existing range of innovations to make neighbourhoods and homes more supportive, physically, socially, and in terms of services. These include: enriching neighbourhoods, providing collective services, building all-age neighbourhoods, creating purpose-built supportive housing, developing smallscale intergenerational models, and engaging mobility, delivery, and communications innovations. Some will allow people to remain in their current dwelling but others focus on people remaining in a local community. Few are widely available at present. Urban designers can more fully engage with the multiple challenges of those who have physical, sensory, and cognitive impairments and living in solo households by becoming champions for a more comprehensive set of public realm improvements and linkages.

This article was originally published under NPG's License to Publish, but has now been made available under a CC BY 4.0 license. The PDF and HTML versions of the paper have been modified accordingly.

University of Technology Sydney. Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology. As the utilization of the renewable energy sources has significantly increased over the past decades, offshore wind turbines have been noted for their advantages of more power output and less space limitation than the onshore wind turbines. New prototypes of offshore wind turbines have been developed; not only has the power output been increased but also their sizes have become larger. However, the distinct offshore environmental loads may significantly affect the performances of the offshore wind turbine. The aims of this Ph.D research are to investigate the vibration behaviours of the multi-system involved in a spar type offshore direct-drive wind turbine. First of all, the overview of the main components involved in the offshore direct-drive wind turbine and their dynamic performances related to the mechanical vibration behaviour are presented. Different types of topology of the direct-drive wind turbines are briefly discussed and a comparison of all generator topologies is made based on the criteria of their efficiency, weight and cost. The supporting structures for the wind turbine have been developed from land to transitional-water, then the deep-water. Complex designs have been used to meet the environment requirements. Moreover, the consideration of the nacelle-blade system has been developed from a non-rotating mass to a rotating system with interaction when studying the tower response. The excitation conditions have become more complex. Not only the environmental excitations, such as the aerodynamics and hydrodynamic excitations should be considered, but also the internal excitations, such as the unbalanced magnetic pull force in the generator or tower shadow can be involved. Three new models about the main components: direct-drive drive-train system, floating platform and the tower structure are presented in this thesis. To start with, the effect of rotor position and weight adjustment on the vibration behaviour of the drive-train system within a 5 MW direct-drive wind turbine is studied by considering the unbalanced magnetic pull forces. The direct-drive wind turbine, different from the standard geared wind turbine, uses a direct-drive generator to avoid the gearbox failures, in which the direct-drive permanent-magnet generator has been widely used. The unbalanced magnetic pull (UMP) force which is caused by the eccentricity of both rotor and stator of the generator can have an impact on the vibration behaviour of its drive-train system, an up to 30% difference of the tolerance allowable for a safe operation in the generator can be found from the simulation results. The drive-train system which consists of the main shaft, rotor, hub and blades is modelled as a four degree-of-freedom (DOF) nonlinear system. In the present drive-train system, the location of its centre of gravity can be moved along its rotating axis by doing the rotor adjustment in terms of rotor position and mass ratio. Both rotor displacement and bearing forces are obtained for a wide range of rotor positions and weight under different rotating speeds. Such results would provide optimized rotor position and mass ratio to improve the performance of the drive-train system. Then a combined model of a spar-type floating platform wind turbine under deep-sea conditions is developed. The spar-type supporting platform with tower structure is modelled as a rigid body, while the nacelle is considered as a point mass attached on the top of the tower. Then the dynamic interaction between the drive-train system and the nacelle is considered by incorporating the modelling of the direct-drive drive-train system. The hydrodynamic and aerodynamic excitations on the structures are considered, including current, wave, and wind excitations as well as buoyant forces. With the help of the time history and FFT spectrum, the effects of both hydrodynamic and aerodynamic excitations along with the dynamic interaction between the drive-train system and tower structure on the dynamic behaviour of the spar-type floating platform are investigated under different operating sea conditions. At last, the tower structure is developed using a flexible model. An analytic solution for the free-vibration of the tower structure based on Euler-Bernoulli beam-column theory is presented. The tower structure is modelled as a free-free beam with two end mass components. The platform and the nacelle are considered as two large mass rigid components connected by torsion springs at two tower ends. The stiffness at the connections can be different due to the different joint conditions between the tower and two mass components, such as joint type or crack. The effects of system parameters on the natural frequencies are investigated under a range of variables, including the tower structure parameters, platform and nacelle parameters, and the connecting types. Uniform tower model is presented firstly and then the non-uniform structure is discussed. The non-linear relationships between those variables and the natural frequency of the whole system are numerically found and some design issues are discussed for the spar-type floating wind turbines.