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A three-model fluorescence “ON–OFF–ON” system, from a tris-bis(urea) anion ligand (LMe) to anionocage 1Me and then to the host–guest complex, in response to anion coordination and halogenated hydrocarbon encapsulation, was established.

Aiming at families with two children, this paper analyzes the problems of family upbringing’s incompatibility and psychological problems in children’s development by means of a review. From the perspective of systematic Satir family therapy, core values, communication posture, iceberg theory, family structure diagram, etc. Help families re-examine family rules and relationships between members. Through the analysis and discussion at the iceberg level one by one, specific methods of what to do are obtained. For example, when there is a conflict between children, parents should not rush forward to be the referee, and let the first child help the second child to socialize. And the influence of the second child on the behavior, emotions, opinions, expectations, and desires of the first child. At the behavioral level, there may be two situations of acceptance and non-acceptance of first-born babies. On the emotional level, we believe that first-borns may have three responses: love, anger, and fear. At the point of view, I think that no matter what the point of view is, there are two themes: getting love and losing love. In terms of expectations, the first child may want to be loved and accompanied by the caregiver. The desire level, will desire to be respected by others, to be loved by others. Combining Satir's iceberg theory analysis with second-child family for effective intervention on specific problems.

A facile solid-state Matryoshka-doll-like microwave strategy is developed to synthesize the composites of NiSe2 and N–C in just 20 minutes. The microwave functionalized NiSe2/N–C SIB anode displays an excellent cycling stability (2000 cycles at 1.0 A g−1).

CoFe alloy nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulated in a three-dimensional (3D) honeycomb-like porous N-doped graphitic carbon (CoFe/N-GC) framework were fabricated by a facile polymer thermal treatment method.

With a high energy density, lithium-sulfur batteries (LSB) are regarded as one of the promising next-generation energy storage systems. However, many challenges hinder the practical applications of LSB, such as the dendrite formations/parasitic reactions on the Li metal anode and the "shuttle effect" of lithium polysulfides of the LSB cathode. Herein, a novel diluted medium-concentrated electrolyte (DMCE) is developed by adding 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether (TTE) into a dual salt medium-concentrated electrolyte (MCE) consisting of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI)-lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI)/tetrahydrofuran (THF)-dipropyl ether (DPE). The optimized DMCE electrolyte is capable of protecting the Li metal anode and suppresses the dissolution of polysulfides and the "shuttle effect", delivering a high coulombic efficiency (CE) of Li plating-stripping up to 99.6% even at a low concentration of Li salt (1.0-2.0 m). Impressively, compared with the cells cycled in the MCE electrolyte, the LiS cells with the DMCE-2.0 m electrolyte have delivered an enhanced initial capacity of 682 mAh g

Extensive studies on trirutile Li0.5FeF3 phase have been commissioned in the context of the Li–Fe–F system for Li-ion batteries. However, progress in electrochemical and structural studies has been...

We present a one-step route for the preparation of nickel phosphide/carbon nanotube (Ni2P@CNT) nano-composites for supercapacitor applications using a facile, ultrafast (90 s) microwave-based approach. Ni2P nanoparticles could grow uniformly on the surface of CNTs under the optimized reaction conditions, namely, a feeding ratio of 30:50:25 for CNT, Ni(NO3)2 · 6H2O, and red phosphorus and a microwave power of 1000 W for 90 s. Our study demonstrated that the single-step microwave synthesis process for creating metal phosphide nanoparticles was faster and simpler than all the other existing methods. Electrochemical results showed that the specific capacitance of the optimal Ni2P@CNT-nanocomposite electrode displayed a high specific capacitance of 854 F · g−1 at 1 A · g−1 and a superior capacitance retention of 84% after 5000 cycles at 10 A·g−1. Finally, an asymmetric supercapacitor was assembled using the nanocomposite with activated carbon as one electrode (Ni2P@CNT//AC), which showed a remarkable energy density of 33.5 W · h · kg−1 and a power density of 387.5 W·kg−1. This work will pave the way for the microwave synthesis of other transition metal phosphide materials for use in energy storage systems.

The Amazon rainforest has a major contribution to the bio-geochemical functioning of the Earth system and has been projected to be at risk of large-scale, potentially irreversible, dieback to a savanna state. Measuring the resilience of the Amazon rainforest empirically is critical to helping us understand the magnitude and frequency of disturbances that the rainforest can still recover from. Different means to quantify resilience in practice have been proposed. Here we determine the Amazon rainforest resilience based on a space-for-time replacement, and then estimating the average residence time in the forest state. This 'global' notion of resilience is different from local measures based on variance or autocorrelation and thus provides complementary information. We study the dependence of the exit-time-base resilience on total rainfall and, in order to study the evolution of the Amazon rainforest, we also estimate changes in their resilience over the years.

We proposed the synthesis of MoP/MoO2/carbon nanotube (MoP/MoO2/CNT) through a simple and ultrafast microwave strategy. After phosphating, the conductivity and electrochemical activity of the nanocomposites were significantly increased, and charge storage was accelerated. The MoP/MoO2/CNT electrode was a novel supercapacitor electrode material with a specific capacitance of up to 447.6 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1, maintaining a stable cycle life at 86.5% of the initial capacitance after 10,000 cycles. Moreover, the asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) with MoP/MoO2/CNT and AC (activated carbon) are a positive electrode and negative electrode, respectively, with an energy density of 31.6 Wh kg−1 and a power density of 190 W kg−1. The MoP/MoO2/CNT nanocomposite was a potential electrode material for future applications due to its outstanding properties, especially in the field of industrial convenient and rapid synthesis of electrode materials.

NiO/NiS@CNT and NiO@CNT nanocomposites were rapidly fabricated using a one-step microwave method in 60 s. The electrochemical performances of the prepared electrodes with different mass ratios and microwave conditions for supercapacitors were investigated. NiO/NiS@CNT showed a high specific capacitance of 809.7 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and tremendous cycling stability of approximately 100% retention after 20 000 cycles at 5 A g−1, indicating better electrochemical performance than NiO@CNT. The asymmetric supercapacitor device based on NiO/NiS@CNT//activated carbon (AC) displayed high energy and power density and excellent cycling stability, demonstrating enormous potential for energy-storage applications.

This work involves the preparation and characterization of poly(styrene-b-isoprene-b-styrene)-poly(dimethylsiloxane-co-methylhydrosiloxane) (SIS-c-PDMS-co-PMHS) crosslinked membranes towards CH4/N2 separation. SIS-c-PDMS-co-PMHS was synthesized via a simple hydrosilylation reaction with various PDMS-co-PMHS contents. The structure of crosslinked membranes was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, indicating the degree of hydrosilylation reaction. The morphology of sample membranes was observed in detail by means of Scanning Electron Microscope analysis. Thermodynamic stability and the crosslinked behavior of crosslinked membranes were explored by thermogravimetric analysis and Soxhlet extraction experiments. Furthermore, single gas (CH4, N2) permeability was measured using the time-lag method. The CH4 permeability of crosslinked membranes with 70 wt% PDMS-co-PMHS could reach 503 Barrer at 25 °C and 1 bar, which is significantly greater than that of SIS (25.9 Barrer), while the CH4/N2 ideal selectivity hardly changed. Notably, CH4 permeability further improved by 77.6% (893.4 Barrer) as the temperature increased to 55 °C. For the CH4/N2 (50/50 vol%) mixed gas, the SIS-c-PDMS-co-PMHS-70 sample membrane exhibited ideal gas separation performance relative to that of the pure SIS membrane (CH4: 447.4 vs. 24.2 Barrer，N2: 188.1 vs. 9.46 Barrer).

In recent years, research on the relationship between innovation and corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become the primary focus of the relationship between the enterprises, society and ecological environment. An increasing number of scholars have had in-depth discussion on the balance between financial profits and social value creation. This article draws data from the foreign database Web of Science (WOS), and uses the visual analysis software citespace to get a knowledge map of the literature. Through quantitative analysis, multidisciplinary analysis, and co-citation analysis of the literature, among which, co-citation analysis refers to keyword co-occurrence analysis, etc., the frontier characteristics, research hotspots and future trends of the relationship between innovation and CSR have been initially formed. The research results support the conclusions that: Firstly, the research on the relationship between innovation and CSR has been gradually expanded, and the impetus and influence of external factors on innovation has gradually given way to the combined effect of internal factors; secondly, the expanded definition of CSR has enriched the knowledge basis for research, however selecting many indicators has become a problem for the related research; and finally, this article has summarized the research standards and research perspectives on innovation and CSR and analyzed the research prospects in related fields.

How will extreme events due to human activities and climate change affect the oceanic thermohaline circulation is a key concern in climate predictions. The stability of the thermohaline circulation with respect to extreme events, such as fresh-water oscillations, greenhouse gas accumulations and collapse of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, is examined using a conceptual stochastic Stommel two-compartment model. The extreme fluctuations are modeled by symmetric α-stable Lévy motions whose pathways are cádlág functions with at most a countable number of jumps. The mean first passage time, escape probability and stochastic basin of attraction are used to perform the stability analysis of on (off) equilibrium states. Our results argue that for model with weak fresh-water forcing strength, the greatest threat to the stability of the on-state represents noise with low jumps and higher frequency that can be seen as civilization-induced greenhouse gas accumulation. On the other hand, the off-state stability is more vulnerable to the agitations with moderate jumps and frequencies which can be interpreted as wind- driven circulations towards higher latitudes. Under the repercussion of stochastic noise, on to off transitions are more expected in the model if the fresh-water influx is strong. Moreover, transitions from one metastable state to another are equiprobable when the fresh-water input induces a symmetric potential well.

In light of the rapid recent retreat of Arctic sea ice, the extreme weather events triggering the variability in Arctic ice cover has drawn increasing attention. A non-Gaussian α-stable Lévy process is thought to be an appropriate model to describe such extreme events. The maximal likely trajectory, based on the nonlocal Fokker–Planck equation, is applied to a nonautonomous Arctic sea ice system under α-stable Lévy noise. Two types of tipping times, the early-warning tipping time and the disaster-happening tipping time, are used to predict the critical time for the maximal likely transition from a perennially ice-covered state to a seasonally ice-free one and from a seasonally ice-free state to a perennially ice-free one, respectively. We find that the increased intensity of extreme events results in shorter warning time for sea ice melting and that an enhanced greenhouse effect will intensify this influence, making the arrival of warning time significantly earlier. Meanwhile, for the enhanced greenhouse effect, we discover that increased intensity and frequency of extreme events will advance the disaster-happening tipping time, in which an ice-free state is maintained throughout the year in the Arctic Ocean. Finally, we identify values of the Lévy index α and the noise intensity ε in the αε-space that can trigger a transition between the Arctic sea ice state. These results provide an effective theoretical framework for studying Arctic sea ice variations under the influence of extreme events.

Two novel gas separation membranes (Phenyl(Ph)-poly(ether ether ketone)s (PEEKs) and PEEKs) based on PEEKs with a high fractional free volume were designed and synthesized. The structure and thermodynamic stability of the membranes were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The two membranes, which were determined to be high-molecular weight polymers by gel permeation chromatography, showed good solubility in a weakly polar solvent. The gas transport properties of the Ph-PEEK membranes were investigated for different gases (CO2, O2, CH4, and N2) at 25°C and 1 atm. The Ph-PEEK-3 membrane with the largest free volume had the largest gas permeability coefficient and maintained good selectivity. The effect of operating temperature on the gas permeation of the Ph-PEEK-3 membrane was also investigated, and the maximum permeability of the four single gases was reached at 55°C and 1 atm.

In this paper, a novel electromagnetic blank holding system (EBHS) for a conventional drawing process is proposed. The system is created to substitute mechanical or hydraulic blank holder force (BHF) with mutually attractive electromagnetic force (EMF). The winding type of electromagnetic coils is determined as a single-coil through numerical simulation. For avoiding the fluctuation of the magnitude of BHF, direct current is chosen to generate BHF. Corresponding magnetic circuit model of the electromagnetic blank holding device (EBHD) has been established to find the mathematical relationship between EMF and input voltage. Besides, several groups of EMF testing data are measured to prove the correction of deduced expression. To validate the feasibility of the novel system, corresponding numerical simulation and experiment have been carried out. It is worth to mention that the cylindrical parts created by simulation and experiment at different BHF agree well with each other. Additionally, the thickness reduction rate of drawn part is controlled at a reasonable level with the application of EBHS, which well validates the effectiveness of the EBHS.

We introduce a facile one-step microwave solid-state approach to prepare novel MoS2/MoO3 @graphite nanocomposite that can be utilized as an electrode material for supercapacitors. The electrochemical properties of nanocomposite are evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests. The nanocomposite exhibits the highest specific capacitance of 268 F g−1 for 3500 cycles at a current density of 1 A g−1. The nanocomposite shows excellent cyclic stability of 283% (258 F g−1) for over 6000 cycles in 6 M KOH electrolyte. In addition, the microwave method, which is prospected to realize industrial application, can be applied to partial sulfurization.

Herein, we present an ultrafast microwave approach for fabricating MoS2/MoO2@CNT nanocomposites toward supercapacitor electrodes with excellent cycle stability. The surface chemistry, crystalline structure and morphology of the as-produced nanocomposites were characterized by FTIR, XRD, XPS, EDS and SEM. It was found that MoS2/MoO2 nanoparticles could grow uniformly on the surface of CNTs, and the CNTs can provide a transport path for ions in electrolytes and reduce energy loss, thus leading to enhanced electrochemical performance of the resultant nanocomposites. Electrochemical results showed that the capacitance of the nanocomposite electrode was increased by 187.1% after 25 000 cycles at a current density of 5 A g−1, indicating outstanding cycling stability. Also, the maximum capacitance of the optimized MoS2/MoO2@CNT electrode can reach 228.4 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1. Moreover, an asymmetric supercapacitor (MoS2/MoO2@CNT//AC) was assembled which exhibited a maximum energy density of 11.88 W h kg−1 and a power density of 2 kW kg−1, respectively. Intriguingly, the asymmetric supercapacitors could successfully light three LED lights for 5 minutes, showing their great practical application potential in portable supercapacitors.

The function of natural killer (NK) cells, defending against virus infection and tumour progression, is regulated by multiple activating and inhibiting receptors expressed on NK cells, among which sialic acid-bind immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) act as a vital inhibitory group. Previous studies have shown that Siglec7 and Siglec9 are expressed on NK cells, which negatively regulate the function of NK cells and modulate the immune response through the interaction of sialic acid-containing ligands. Siglec7 and Siglec9 are very similar in distribution, gene encoding, protein sequences, ligand affinity, and functions in regulating the immune system against virus and cancers, but differences still exist between them. In this review, we aim to discuss the similarities and differences between Siglec7 and Siglec9 and analyze their functions in virus infection and tumour progression in order to develop better anti-viral and anti-tumor immunotherapy in the future.

ObjectiveGlucose disposal by insulin-responsive tissues maintains the body glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance leads to a risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Insulin stimulates the translocation of glucose transporter isoform 4 (GLUT4) vesicles from intracellular compartments to the plasma membrane to facilitate glucose uptake. However, the underlying mechanisms of GLUT4 vesicle translocation are not well defined. Here we show the role of huntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1) in GLUT4 translocation in adipocytes and the pathogenesis of T2DM.Research design and methodsThe parameters for glucose metabolism including body weight, glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance were assessed in wild-type (WT) and Hap1+/- mice. HAP1 protein expression was verified in adipose tissue. Hap1 mRNA and protein expression was monitored in adipose tissue of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced diabetic mice. Insulin-stimulated GLUT4 vesicle translocation and glucose uptake were detected using immunofluorescence techniques and quantified in primary adipocytes from Hap1-/- mice. The interaction between HAP1 and GLUT4 was assessed by immunofluorescence colocalization and co-immunoprecipitation in HEK293 cells and adipose tissue. The role of sortilin in HAP1 and GLUT4 interaction was approved by co-immunoprecipitation and RNA interference.ResultsThe expression of Hap1 mRNA and protein was detected in WT mouse adipose tissue and downregulated in adipose tissue of HFD-induced diabetic mice. Hap1+/- mice exhibited increased body weight, pronounced glucose tolerance and significant insulin intolerance compared with the WT mice. HAP1 colocalized with GLUT4 in mouse adipocytes and cotransfected HEK293 cells. Furthermore, the insulin-stimulated GLUT4 vesicle translocation and glucose uptake were defective in Hap1-/- adipocytes. Finally, sortilin mediated the interaction of HAP1 and GLUT4.ConclusionsOur study showed that HAP1 formed a protein complex with GLUT4 and sortilin, and played a critical role in insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation in adipocytes. Its downregulation may contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetes.

An abrupt climatic transition could be triggered by a single extreme event, and an alpha-stable non-Gaussian Levy noise is regarded as a type of noise to generate such extreme events. In contrast with the classic Gaussian noise, a comprehensive approach of the most probable transition path for systems under alpha-stable Levy noise is still lacking. We develop here a probabilistic framework, based on the nonlocal Fokker-Planck equation, to investigate the maximum likelihood climate change for an energy balance system under the influence of greenhouse effect and Levy fluctuations. We find that a period of the cold climate state can be interrupted by a sharp shift to the warmer one due to larger noise jumps with low frequency. Additionally, the climate change for warming 1.5 degree under an enhanced greenhouse effect generates a step-like growth process. These results provide important insights into the underlying mechanisms of abrupt climate transitions triggered by a Levy process.

Air pollution gradually aggravated, which accelerates the demand of clean energy (in particular clean natural gas) because of its abundant storage worldwide. However, raw natural gas commonly contains impurity gases, such as CO2 and N2, which reduce the heat of its combustion. Here, we reported new polyamide-poly(propylefne glycol) (PA-PPG) random and block copolymer materials with excellent CO2/CH4 separation performance. These copolymers were characterised by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR), UV–vis absorption spectrum and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The gas permeation properties of these copolymers were investigated by using five single gases (CO2, H2, O2, CH4 and N2) at different temperatures (298–328 K) and a feed pressure of 76 cmHg. The effects of chemical structure, PPG content and operating temperature on the gas permeation properties of these copolymers were also further discussed. Results showed that PA-PPG random copolymer membranes exhibited better gas permeation properties than those of PA-PPG block copolymer membranes. PA-PPG random copolymer membrane with 20 wt% PPG exhibited the highest selectivity (CO2/CH4 = 37.31 and H2/CH4 = 33.44) at 298 K and 76 cmHg. The CO2 and H2 permeability values were 5.97 Barrer and 5.19 Barrer, respectively.

A carbon-coated Li1.2MnFe1.2F6.8 with a cation-disordered rutile structure is presented for the first time as a positive electrode material for lithium-ion batteries. For improved performance, the composite electrode is investigated at 90°C using a thermally stable ionic liquid electrolyte. A combination of synchrotron X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and half-cell tests establish that the reversible extraction/insertion of lithium from/into Li1.2MnFe1.2F6.8 in the 2.5–4.5 V voltage range at 90°C involves Fe(III)/Fe(II) and Mn(III)/Mn(II) redox reactions alongside partial conversion reactions between the rutile Li1.2MnFe1.2F6.8 and a mixture of LiF and rutile FeF2. Deep discharge to 2.0 V involves a conversion reaction to LiF and metallic Fe and Mn accompanied by the partial preservation of the rutile structure.

In this work, a unique Ppy@NiCo 2 S 4 core-shell heterostructure material is prepared taking polypyrrole (Ppy) nanotubes as skeleton through a simple and environmentally friendly hydrothermal method. The heterostructured structure with Ppy nanotubes (NTs) as the core and intertwined flake-like NiCo 2 S 4 as the outer shell, holds a large specific surface area (217 m 2 g −1 ), convenient charge transport channel, high specific capacitance (908.1 F g −1 at a current density of 1 A g −1 ), and excellent cycling performance (87.7% of initial value is retained after 2000 cycles). What’s more, an asymmetric supercapacitor is fabricated by employing Ppy@NiCo 2 S 4 core-shell heterostructured material as positive and nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (N-C NTs) as negative electrode. This Ppy@NiCo 2 S 4 //N-C asymmetric supercapacitor effectively provides a high energy density over 50.82 Wh kg −1 with a high power density of 160 W kg −1 and preeminent cyclic stability of 126.6% after 2000 cycles. Due to the introduction of one-dimensional flexible Ppy inner core, as-designed the core-shell heterostructure composite may be promising in the flexible energy storage devices.

In this work, a unique N–C@NiMoO4 composite with a double-shelled hollow microtube structure has been developed through a simple and low-cost growth process. The composite contains a NiMoO4 outer shell with high electrochemical activity and hollow nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (N–C NTs) with high conductivity, resulting in a high performance electrode material. The existence of N–C NTs effectively prevents the accumulation and agglomeration of the NiMoO4 nanosheets during the formation of a uniform outer shell, providing a higher specific surface area (258.2 m2 g−1). The electrochemical study displays that the C@NiMoO4 composite has a specific capacitance as high as 1242 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1, and about 82.9% cycling stability after 2000 cycles. Moreover, the as-fabricated C@NiMoO4//N–C asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) can achieve a maximum high energy density of 44.6 W h kg−1 at a power density of 250.4 W kg−1. These results imply that the C@NiMoO4 composite with a double-shelled hollow tube-structure is a promising candidate for high performance supercapacitors.