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Purpose To evaluate the refractive status, axial length, and refractive power of the cornea in pediatric patients after unilateral cataract surgery and intraocular lens implantation. Methods Refractive state, refractive power of cornea, and axial length were measured both in the operated and nonoperated eyes in 15 patients (age at surgery=5 to 15 years; mean, 10.3) before and 4 to 15 years (mean, 9.7) after unilateral cataract surgery. Results After surgery, visual acuity was 20/40 or better in 79% of operated eyes. Myopic changes, representing the difference between postoperative refraction at last follow-up and postoperative refraction at 1 year after surgery, were noted in the operated eyes at the end of study (mean, −5.02 D), but there were no significant differences in axial length (Wilcoxon signed rank test P > .05) or refractive power of the cornea between operated and nonoperated eyes (paired Student t test P > .05). Conclusion Myopic shift after cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation may occur even in older children.

To evaluate the intraocular power calculation formula for children and the change of the refraction.We reviewed the medical records of 66 pediatric cases with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation after cataract extraction and results of questionnaire of the Japanese Association of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Japanese Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery. We employed four IOL power calculation formulae(SRK, SRK II, SRK/T, Holladay) to evaluate the accuracy of preoperative prediction of refraction.The best preoperative prediction was obtained by the SRK formula; the predictive refraction error within +/- 1 D was shown in 65% of patients. SRK/T and Holladay formulas were less accurate in patients aged 5 years old or younger. All formulae were less accurate in patients with axial length of 22 mm or shorter. There was no significant difference in the mean change in refraction over four years among three different age group (group 1:= 5, group 2: 6= 10, group 3: 11= 15(years old(YO)). However, several patients aged 10(YO) or younger showed severe myopic changes during this period.The IOL power calculation fomulae show less accuracy on pediatric cases. It is also difficult to predict the change of refraction on pediatric cases.

This study was designed to investigate the formation of mixed disulfides of protein and glutathione (GSH) in the cataractous lens. We compared the changes in accumulation of 14C-cystine in cultured inherited cataractous rat lens (ICR/f) during cataractogensis with those in Wistar strain rats. The accumulation of 14C-cystine in water insoluble protein (WIP) of the lens was increased, especially in lens recognized cataract. The radioactivity accumulated in the WIP was released by incubation with 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME), dithiothereitol (DTT) and GSH. The accumulation of 14C-cystine in WIP was inhibited by pretreatment with DTT. The existence of some materials in the lens-which combined with S-S compounds became clear. A large part of the materials is present in WIP which is increased along with the lens opacification. We surmised that the accumulation of 14C-cystine was related to the reaction of protein-glutathione disulfide (PSSG).

To study the effect of instillation of latanoprost on the diurnal variation in the intraocular pressure(IOP), blood pressure, and pulse rate in patients with normal-tension glaucoma(NTG).The diurnal variation in the IOP was determined in 23 eyes in 23 NTG patients after a washout period of 4 weeks or longer. The diurnal variation in IOP was then remeasured after latanoprost monotherapy of 8 weeks or longer. The IOP was measured by the Goldmann applanation tonometer at 10:00, 13:00, 16:00, 19:00, 22:00, 01:00, 03:00, 07:00, and 10:00 before and after treatment, and the IOP at each time point, mean diurnal IOP, maximum IOP, minimum IOP, and range of variation in IOP were compared before and after treatment. The blood pressure and pulse rate before and after treatment were also measured and compared.The IOP decreased significantly at all time points. The treatment caused significant decreases in the mean diurnal IOP, maximum IOP, minimum IOP, and range of variation in IOP. There were no differences in the blood pressure and pulse rate before and after treatment.Latanoprost significantly decreases the IOP throughout the day in NTG patients, and has no effects on the blood pressure and pulse rate. It is therefore useful in the treatment of NTG.

Conclusions: The IOL power calculation formulae show less accuracy in pediatric cases. It is also difficult to predict the changes in refraction for pediatric cases.