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Respiratuar Sinsitiyal Virüsü (RSV), koyun ve keçi solunum yolu hastalığının önemli bir nedenidir. RSV, genellikle solunum yolları epitelinde replike olur ve proinflamatuar sitokinler ve kemokinler indüklenir. Yapılan çalışmada, doğal RSV ile enfekte koyun ve keçi akciğer parafin bloklarında TNF-a ekspresyonu immunohistokimyasal yöntem ile araştırılması amaçlandı. Çalışma materyali, Etlik Veteriner Kontrol ve Araştırma Enstitüsüne, Ankara ve çevre illerinden 2015- 2020 yılları arasında pnömoni şüphesi ile gelen yirmi dokuz adet hasta (on dokuz Koyun ve on keçi) akciğer arşiv parafin blokları oluşturdu. Koyun ve keçi akciğer parafin blok dokularında bronş ve bronş epitelinde dejenerasyon ve deskuamasyon, fibromusküler hipertrofi, peribronşiyal lenfoid dokuda hiperplazi, interalveolar septumda hücre infiltrasyonu gibi histopatolojik bulgular istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi (p>0.05). İmmunohistaokimyasal olarak, bronş ve bronş epitelinde ve hücre döküntülerinde, bronş bezlerinde, interalveolar septum inflamatuar hücrelerde, alveolar makrofajlarda RSV replikasyonu koyun ve keçilerde istatiksel olarak benzerdi (p> 0.05). TNF-a’nın ekspresyonu keçilerin akciğer dokusunda koyunlara göre daha fazla şiddetli boyandığı (p, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is an important cause of sheep and goat respiratory tract disease. RSV usually replicates in the airway epithelium and proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines are induced. In this study, it was aimed to investigate TNF-a expression in natural RSV-infected sheep and goat lung paraffin blocks by immunohistochemical method. The study material consisted of twenty nine lung archive paraffin blocks (nineteen sheep and ten goats), which were admitted to Etlik Veterinary Control and Research Institute from Ankara and surrounding provinces with the suspicion of pneumonia between 2015 and 2020. Histopathological findings such as degeneration and desquamation in the bronchi and bronchial epithelium, fibromuscular hypertrophy, hyperplasia in the peribronchial lymphoid tissue, cell infiltration in the interalveolar septum, and no statistical difference was detected in the sheep and goat lung paraffin block tissues (p> 0.05). Immunohistochemically, RSV replication in bronchial and bronchial epithelium and cell debris, bronchial glands, interalveolar septum inflammatory cells, alveolar macrophages was statistically similar in sheep and goats (p> 0.05). It was determined that the expression of TNF-a was more intensely stained in the lung tissue of goats than sheep (p

We aimed to reveal the case pathomorphological and immunohistochemically. General findings of chronic isolated organ tuberculosis in cattle in the late period are presented in this report. In the history of the case, the 2-year-old cattle died as a result of respiratory distress and was brought to the pathology laboratory to determine the cause of death. In necropsy, it was detected that encapsulated caseous foci localized in the caudal lobe of the right lung and mediastinal lymph nodes were inactive. Histopathologically, non-mineralized, secondary caseous necrosis, peripheral mononuclear cell infiltration, and fibrous capsule were detected. Immunohistologically, some macrophages and neutrophils were found to be positive for Mycobacterium bovis. However, regional lymph nodes were negative. Also, there was no histopathological reaction in other parenchymatous organs. As a result, the postprimary form of tuberculosis is not always detectable when compared to other forms. Therefore, we believe that this case report may be useful. Keywords: Cow, chronic organ tuberculosis, immunological detection, pathomorphology.

Bakır zehirlenmesi, bakırın vücuda alınımı ve atılımı arasındaki dengesizlikten kaynaklanan patolojik bir durumdur. Akut zehirlenme genellikle antihelmintik ilaçlar, mineral karışımları veya aşırı miktarda çözünür bakır tuzlarının uygulanmasından sonra görülür. Sunulan bu çalışmanın materyalini 900 toklu oluşturmaktadır. Hasta hayvanlarda abdominal sancı, ishal, hemoglobinüri, ikterus ve ölüm bulunmaktaydı. Yapılan nekropsiler sonucu deri altı yağ dokusu, serozalar ve organların etrafındaki yağ dokuda şiddetli sarılık belirlendi. Karaciğerin koyu kahve ya da sarımtırak renkte ve kolay parçalandığı görüldü. Safra keseleri dolgun, safra koyu renkte ve granüler yapıdaydı. Böbreklerin oldukça şişkin ve koyu siyah renkte olduğu görüldü. İdrar keseleri hemoglobinüriye bağlı olarak koyu kırmızı renkte idrar içermekteydi. Histopatolojik muayenede hepatositlerde hidropik dejenerasyon, vakuoler dejenerasyon, yağlanma, multifokal nekrozlar ve dissosiasyon, hepatositlerin sitoplazmasında sarı kahve renkte granüllerin yanı sıra hepatosit sitoplazmaları ve safra kanalcıklarında sarımsı-yeşil renkte safra pigmentlerine rastlandı. Portal alanlarda mononükleer hücre infiltrasyonları ile safra kanalı artışı belirlendi. Karaciğer kesitlerine Rodaninle yapılan boyamalarda hepatositlerin sitoplazmalarında kırmızımsı renkte pozitif boyanmalar tespit edildi, Böbreklerde tubul epitellerinde şişkinlik ve vakuoler dejenerasyon, bilurubin pigmenti dikkati çekti. Sunulan bu çalışmada koyunlarda görülen ve yem katkısından kaynaklandığı belirlenen akut bakır zehirlenmesinin klinik, toksikolojik ve patolojik bulgularının ortaya konulması ve son yıllarda oldukça sık karşılaşılan yem katkısı kaynaklı zehirlenme olaylarına dikkat çekilmesi amaçlanmıştır., Copper poisoning is a pathological condition resulting from an imbalance between the uptake and excretion of copper. Acute poisoning is usually observed after administering anthelmintic drugs, mineral mixtures, or excessively soluble copper salts. The material of the present study consists of 900 yearling sheep. Sick animals had abdominal pain, diarrhea, hemoglobinuria, icterus, and death. As a result of the necropsies, severe icterus was determined in the subcutaneous adipose tissue, serosas, and adipose tissue around the organs. It was observed that the liver was dark brown or yellowish and easily disintegrated. The gallbladders were full, the bile was dark in color and granular. It was observed that the kidneys were quite swollen and dark black. The urinary bladders contained dark red urine due to hemoglobinuria. Histopathological examination revealed hydropic degeneration, vacuolar degeneration, steatosis, multifocal necrosis, and dissociation in hepatocytes, yellowish-brown granules in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, as well as yellowish-green bile pigments in the hepatocyte cytoplasm and bile ducts. Mononuclear cell infiltration and bile duct increase were determined in portal areas. In the staining of liver sections with Rodanin, positive staining in reddish color was detected in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. Swelling and vacuolar degeneration in the tubular epithelium in the kidneys and bilirubin pigment were noted. This study it is aimed to reveal the clinical, toxicological, and pathological findings of acute copper poisoning in sheep, which is determined to be caused by feed additives and to draw attention to feed additive poisoning events that have been encountered quite frequently in recent years.

The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of Afyokarahisar termomineral water in the treatment of nephritis. For this purpose, 40 Albino mouse at the same daily age were used. Nephritis was induced by adding adenine to their feed at a rate of 0.2% for 6 weeks. After nephritis was induced, a 21-day treatment period was started, and the mice were equally divided into two groups as control and study. While control group mice were received tap water daily and bathing in tap water, study group animals were given fresh Süreyya I hot spring water daily and bathing in this water. Clinical, hematological, blood biochemical and histopathological examinations were performed before the study, after nephritis formation, and on days of 1st, 7th, 14th and 21st of treatment period. Results of this study showed that WBC, NEUT and MCV levels increased significantly (p < 0.05) following nephritis formation, while RBC, HB, HCT, LYM, MCH and MCHC levels decreased significantly (p < 0.05). It was also determined that AST, GGT, GLU, BUN and IgG levels of blood biochemical parameters were significantly increased (p < 0.05) and TP, ALB levels decreased significantly (p < 0.05) after nephritis formation. At the end of the study, it was seen that all the measured parameters turned to the normal range in the study group animals, whereas problems still continuing with control group animals. Consequently, it was concluded that Süreyya I hot spring water was very successful in the treatment of nephritis and considered as an option in the treatment of nephritis.

Due the increasing number of alcoholic fatty liver disease cases in the world, the development of methods for treating this disease is an urgent task. According to different publications mineral water from hot springs has a beneficial effect on liver cells. In this regard, an investigation was performed with the aim to assess the effectiveness of hot spring water from the Süreyya I spring (Afyonkarahisar province) in treatment of fatty liver disease. 50 one-day-old albino mice with an average body weight of 29.6 g were selected for the experiment. The tests of liver tissue, biochemical and hematological blood tests, as well as blood gas tests performed at this stage, demonstrated deterioration in all parameters. To prove the effectiveness of using hot spring water in the treatment of alcoholic fatty liver disease, two groups of 25 mice each were formed. The animals of the control group were given tap water to drink, and were also bathed (daily) in it for one hour. The mice of the experimental group were given the hot spring water to drink and bathed in it for 15 minutes every day. Histological tests and blood tests were performed on day 1, 7, 14, and 21 of the experiment using five animals randomly selected from each group. On day 21 of the experiment, the animals of the experimental group demonstrated a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the total number of leukocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, as well as in the levels of aspartate aminostatesferase, alanine aminopenesferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, low-density lipoproteins, total cholesterol, triglycerides. There was also an increase in erythrocyte, hemoglobin, hematocrit, total protein, albumin and high density lipoprotein levels (p < 0.05). The results of histopathological analysis also demonstrated positive dynamics. At the same time, no pronounced positive dynamics was observed in animals of the control group. Moreover, microscopy of liver samples showed an ongoing process of tissue degeneration. The data obtained allow us to conclude that it is advisable to use the hot spring water for the treatment of alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways observed exclusively in humans and sometimes animals. In this study, 40 Albino rats of the same age were used. After 6 weeks of ovalbumin-induced asthma in all animals, 40 rats were randomly divided into two groups as control and study groups for a 21-day treatment period. At the treatment stage, the control group animals were treated with normal tap water, while the study group animals were treated with hot spring water. Clinical, hematological, blood biochemical and histopathological examinations were performed before starting the study, after asthma formation, and on days of 1st, 7th, 14th and 21st after treatment. Total leukocyte, neutrophil, monocyte, AST, ALT, GGT, total cholesterol, triglyceride levels were significantly decreased (p

Psoriasis and eczema are most common diseses of human and seen some animals. In this research project, a total of 49 Albino rats, 25 of which were psoriasis and 24 of eczema, were used. The back of all the animals were shaved 3 cm x 2 cm in size, and were deepilated using a 50% barium sulfate solution and deepillation tape. Then, 5% imiquimod was applied to the area for 5-6 days in the rats in psoriasis group, whereas 2%, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene was performed 2 times per day for one week in eczema group animals along with 150 μg of mite extract (Dermatophagoides farinae). After diseases formation in both groups, animals were divided into control and study groups, and then treatment period was started. In the rats with psoriasis and eczema, clinical, hematological, blood biochemical and histopathological findings were determined. In the light of the data obtained; it was concluded that a 21-day spa treatment in rats with psoriasis and eczema was very successful and could be considered as an option in the treatment of these diseases or it would increase the success of the treatment when combinated with classical medical treatments.

Myocardial infarction is an important public health problem in human and animals. In this study, myocardial infarction was induced by intraperitoneally injected isoproterenol hydrochloride in saline solution at a dose of 85 mg/kg body weight for 2 days. After myocardial infarction formation, three animals were exed to collect blood and histopathological specimens. The remaining 32 rats were divided into control and study groups for treatment. In the treatment stage; the control group animals were treated with tap water, while the study group animals were received Süreyya I hot spring mineral water. Clinical, hematological, blood biochemical and histopathological examinations was performed in all the animals before study, after myocardial infarction, and on 1st, 7th, 14th and 21st days after treatment. In terms of T, P and R, there were significant differences (p

In this study, 40 Albino mice were induced with ethyl alcohol to form of gastritis. In the treatment stage, control group mice were given tap water, while study group mice were given fresh water of Süreyya I hot spring. Clinical, hematological, biochemical, blood gases measurements and histopathological examinations of the gastric tissue were performed on the 1st, 7th, 14th and 21th days after the initiation of the treatment. At the end of the study, no significant difference was found between the groups in terms of body temperature (p> 0.05), whereas heart and respiratory frequencies were significantly higher in the study group animals (p

Koyun ve keçilerde Respiratuar Sinsitiyal Virüsü (RSV) ve Parainfluenza tip 3 (PI3) virüsü ciddi solunum sistemi enfeksiyonlarına neden olmaktadır. Çalışmada, koyun ve keçi RSV ve PI-3 virüsünün akciğer dokusundaki yerleşimi ve dağılımının histopatolojik ve immünohistokimyasal yöntemlerle araştırılması amaçlandı. Çalışma materyalini, 2016-2019 yılları arasında, Samsun ve çevre yörelerinden Samsun Kontrol ve Veteriner Araştırma Enstitüsüne gelen 30 adet koyun ve 24 adet keçi akciğer parafin blok dokusu oluşturdu. Akciğer parafin blok dokularının histopatolojik incelemesinde, bronş ve bronşiyol epitelinde dejenerasyon ve dökülme, interalveolar septumda kalınlaşma, epitelizasyon ve alveolar makrofajlarda artış yaygın olarak görülürken, lenfoid doku da hiperplazi, hiyalin membran oluşumu ve sinsityal hücrelere daha az oranda rastlandı. Ayrıca hiçbir olguda bronşiolitis obliteransa rastlanmadı. İmmünhistokimyasal olarak, koyunların %50'sinde ve keçilerin %54'ünde RSV antijeni, koyunların %40'ında ve keçilerin %50'sinde PI-3 antijeni tespit edildi. Koyun ve keçi akciğer parafin kesitlerinde RSV ve PI-3 antijeni, bronş ve bronşiol epitel hücreleri ile lümende dökülmüş hücrelerinde ve interalveolar septum hücrelerinde istatistiksel olarak benzerdi (P>0.05). Alveolar makrofajlarda keçilerde PI-3 antijeni, koyunlara göre istatistiksel olarak daha yoğun boyandı(P

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several central nervous system (CNS) diseases. In this study, we investigated the presence of Listeria monocytogenes antigens and detected the expression of MMP-9 and MMP-7 in the brains of 22 sheep with clinical signs and histopathological findings characteristic of listerial meningoencephalitis. Archived sections from the brainstem, cerebrum, and cerebellum were stained for immunohistochemistry. L. monocytogenes antigens were located mainly in the cytoplasm of neutrophils and some macrophages and/or extracellularly within microabscesses of the brainstem. MMP-9 was mainly immunolocalised in the endothelial cells, microglial cells, and neurons especially in inflammatory areas. MMP-7 immunoreactivity was detected in perivascular cuffs, microglial cells, and only a few neurons. Overall, immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues is a useful tool for the diagnosis of encephalitic listeriosis caused by L. monocytogenes, and MMP-9 and MMP-7 may contribute to the pathogenesis of listerial meningoencephalitis. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Diazinon, an organophosphate insecticide has been used in agriculture and domestic for several years. The aim of present study was to analyze the hepatotoxic effect of diazinon which caused biochemical and ultrastructural changes in adult male Wistar rats and to evaluate the possible protective effect of vitamin E. Vitamin E (200 mg/kg, twice a week), diazinon (10 mg/kg per day, once a day in corn oil) and vitamin E (200 mg/kg, twice a week) + diazinon (10 mg/kg per day, once a day in corn oil) combination were given to rats (n = 8) orally via gavage for 7 weeks. Biochemical indices in serum [total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-cholesterol)] and ultrastructural changes were investigated at the end of the 1st, 4th and 7th weeks comparatively with control group (n = 8). It was observed that; at the end of 1st week, there was a statistically significance in all parameters except total protein and albumin, and at the end of 4th and 7th weeks, there was a statistically significance in all parameters when diazinon-treated group compared to control group (P