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Different levels of damages occurred in state buildings, especially in educational facilities, during the Simav earthquake (ML=5.7) on 19 May 2011. A site survey was carried out in the area after the earthquake, where six state buildings were examined in detail. The results of the survey showed that main reasons for the formation of damages in these buildings are the use of low strength concrete, insufficient reinforcement, inappropriate detailing, and low-quality workmanship. The investigated buildings were also evaluated by P25-rapid assessment method. The method demonstrates that two of the buildings in question are in "high risk band"; the other two fall into "detailed evaluation band", and the rest are in the "low risk band". This figure also matches with the damages observed in the site survey.

In this study a seismic performance assessment of school buildings, which have been built in accordance with template unreinforced masonry school projects in Turkey, has been conducted. For this purpose, the most widely used three template projects have been selected. The seismic performances of these buildings have been evaluated for various earthquake levels. This evaluation has been carried out in compliance with the Turkish earthquake code entered into force in 2007. The effects of material strength and plan features on the performance of masonry school structures have been investigated within the scope of this study. It has been concluded that school buildings with template design are far from satisfying the required performance criteria. For spectral acceleration of 0.80 g, which is expected in a 475 year period in the seismic Zone 1, the average exceedance ratio for life safety performance limit is more than 80% considering different material strengths. Upon evaluation of the results a building capacity index is proposed for rapid seismic assessment of masonry school buildings. © The Author(s) 2012 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav.

In this paper, the moment resisting frames which are commonly used on the steel structures are summerized. The moment resisting steel frames which are constructed with different shapes are classified according to the configuration of moment frame, the type of connectors used, the ductility of connection, the relative rotational stiffness of the connection and members and the relative moment capacity of the connection and members, Bu çalışmada, çelik yapılarda yaygın olarak kullanılan "Moment dayanımlı çerçeve" teşkil biçimleri özetlenmiştir. Farklı şekillerde teşkil edilen moment dayanımlı çerçeveler; düzenleniş biçimlerine, kullanılan birleşim eleman türüne, düğüm noktalarının sünekliğine, birleşim bölgesinin ve elemanların rölatif dönme rijitliklerine, birleşim bölgelerinin ve elemanların rölatif moment kapasitelerine göre gruplandırılmıştır.

Strengthening of the structures with external shear walls recently has become an attractive alternative compared to conventional strengthening methods. These external shear walls can be erected either cast-in-place or by pre-casting. However, cast-in-place construction is difficult and time consuming especially in multistory buildings. On the other hand, a single precast panel is too heavy for transportation and assembly. These difficulties might be overcome by producing precast panels as multi-piece panels. However, in that case, behavior of connections between panels will be important as it could control the failure mode of the shear wall. For this reason, this study is aimed at testing the behavior of different types of precast panel connections. Within this study, one monolithic reference model and two precast panel models having anchored connection details were produced. The behavior of connections was tested under reversed-cyclic lateral loads. The results showed that ductility of the models with connections are significantly lower than monolithic specimen. Although, each panel has good RC detailing with proper confinement and concrete quality, connections are the governing elements that control the behavior. Cracking was only observed at the connection, and there were no proper plastic hinge formations at the panels. Therefore, it was concluded that anchored connections cannot be designed for high ductility levels. Some suggestions are made regarding the area of use of anchored connections in precast panels. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.

Van, a city in Eastern Anatolian Turkey, was hit by two earthquakes with magnitudes of Mw = 7.2 and Mw = 5.6 in October and November 2011. Both earthquakes caused extensive damage to many buildings. Unreinforced masonry buildings, especially in rural areas, suffered from those earthquakes extensively as in many other cases observed in Turkey during other previous earthquakes. This paper presents a site survey of damaged masonry buildings. Reasons for the wide spread damages are discussed in the paper.

The strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with external steel shear walls was investigated in this study. The proposed technique allows the strengthening of in-service RC structures in parallel to reducing the construction costs and leading to faster and more workable solutions. The experimental program includes three-dimensional RC models, which exhibited some of the structural deficiencies commonly encountered in existing RC structures. The related tests were conducted under the imposed reversed cyclic lateral sway. Accordingly, performance of the proposed strengthening technique is found to be adequate for improving the seismic capacity of existing RC structures. Additionally, base shear capacity and stiffness of the strengthened model were significantly improved. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Çelik hal yapılarında, ana taşıyıcı sistem kendi düzlemindeki yükleri taşımak üzere tasarlanır. Bu taşıyıcı sistemin düzlemine dik gelen rüzgar ve deprem gibi yatay etkiler ise stabilite bağlantılarıyla kontrol edilir. Bu çalışmada, stabilite bağlantılarının, tek katlı çelik sanayi yapılarının yatay yükler altındaki davranışına etkisi incelenmiştir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, güncel yönetmeliklere uygun olarak inşa edilmiş bir sanayi yapısı, üzerinde taşıdığı yüklerle Sap 2000 (Structural Analysis Programe 2000) kullanılarak 3 boyutlu olarak modellenmiştir. Stabilite bağlantıları değişik şekillerde düzenlenerek aynı yapıya ait farklı modeller elde edilmiştir. Farklı modellere yatay yükler uygulanarak deplasmanlar ve kesit tesirleri elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca statik itme analizi yapılarak modellerin kapasite eğrileri elde edilmiştir. Bu çalışma neticesinde, tek katlı çelik hal yapılarında, ana taşıyıcı sistem düzlemine dik gelen etkileri almak üzere tasarlanmış stabilite bağlarının, çatı düzleminde bütün açıklıklara yerleştirilmesi halinde sistem davranışı üzerinde etkili olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. In industrial steel structures, the main structural system is designed to bear loads in their plane. The lateral loads such as wind and earthquake effects of this carrier perpendicular to the plane of the system is controlled used the stability connections. In this study, the effects on single-storey steel industrial building under lateral loads of stability connections will be determined. For this purpose, an industrial structure built with design loads according to current codes were modeled as a 3-dimensional on SAP 2000. The different models for the same structure system were obtained using different arrangement of stability connections. Displacements and internal forces were obtained using lateral loads by applying different models. Furthermore, the capacity curves of the models were obtained using static pushover analysis. As a result of this study, when stability connections, which is designed for the vertical effect to the plane of the original structural system on the single-storey industrial steel structures, were placed on the roof, the behaviors of the system are found to be effective.

Korozyon çelik konstrüksiyonlu tüm yapılarda kaçınılmazdır. Ancak etkileri ve korozyon sonucu oluşan maddi kayıplar önceden alınacak tedbirlerle en aza indirilebilir. Yatırım maliyetini artıran bu tedbirler, yapının işletme ömrünü artırarak ve bakım aralığını azaltır ve uzun vadede yapının ekonomik olmasını sağlar. Korozyondan korunmak için korozyonu tanımak önemlidir. Etkin bir koruma sağlayarak korozyon kayıplarını mümkün olduğu kadar azaltmak için; mühendislerin korozyonu tanıması, nedenlerini incelemesi, mevcut denetim tekniklerini bilmesi gerekir. Çalışma içersinde korozyona karşı alınabilecek önlemlerle birlikte korozyon etkisini azaltacak uygun tasarım tekniklerinden de bahsedilmiştir. Bu tez çalışmasının amacı korozyondan korunma maliyetinin çelik taşıyıcı sistem maliyeti üzerindeki etkisinin araştırılmasıdır. Çalışmada örnek bir yapı için boya ile kaplama yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Yöntemin maliyet analizi; kaplama öncesi yüzey hazırlama ve boya ile kaplama şeklinde iki aşamada incelenmiştir. Bunun yanında sıcak daldırma galvanizleme yönteminin maliyeti de hesaplanarak boya ile kaplama yöntemine göre karşılaştırma yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda; imalatı yapılmış olan örnek çelik yapı için uygulanan korozyondan korunma yöntemi dikkate alınarak, korunma maliyetinin toplam çelik yapı taşıyıcı sistem maliyeti üzerindeki etkisi irdelenmiştir. Corrosion is inescapable at all steel structures. However, by taking precations before it occurred, the effects of it and the economical losses because of corrosion can be reduced to minimum. The precautions that increase investment cost of structure make the service life of the structure long and decrease maintenance period of the structure and at long term, these precautions prove an economic construction for the structure. Knowledge about corrosion is important to protect from it. To get an effective protection and decrease losses because of corrosion as much as possible, engineers must know and investigate reasons of corrosion and know current inspection methods. In this study, precautions that should be taken against corrosion and appropriate design methods that decrease corrosion effect are described. The purpose of this thesis study is to investigate effect of protection against corrosion on the cost of the steel structural system. In this study, paint coating method is used for corrosion protection for the investigated example building. Cost analysis of this method is investigated by two steps: surface preparations and plating. Additionally, cost of hot dip galvanizing method is calculated and it is compared with cost of paint coating. At the end of the study, considering the corrosion protection method used for the example steel structure, construction of which is completed, effect of cost of corrosion protection on total cost of the steel structural system is investigated.