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Bu çalışma, Mayıs 2013tarihinde Konya’da kontrollü sera şartlarında sodyum klorür tuzluluğununkaplanmış ve kaplanmamış yonca tohumları çimlenmesi üzerine etkisininaraştırılması amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Saksı denemesi olarak kurulan deneme,tuzluluk ana muamele, kaplanmış ve kaplanmamış yonca tohumları alt muameleolarak bölünmüş parsel deneme planına göre tasarlanmıştır. Saksılar musluk suyu(0.3 dS m-1) veya elektriksel iletkenlikleri 3.0, 6.0 ve 9.0 dS m-1olan tuzlu sular ile sulanmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda, tuzluluğunçimlenmenin başlangıç aşamasında tohumların çimlenmesini önemli derecedeetkilediği, kaplanmış ve kaplanmamış tohumlarda, toplam çimlenme yüzdesinin,3.0 dS m-1 değerinden daha yüksek tuzluluk seviyeleri hariç olmaküzere %79’un üzerinde olduğu, 3.0 dS m-1 değerinden daha yükseksulama suyu tuzluluk değerlerinde çimlenmenin istatistiki olarak farklı olduğu,en yüksek çimlenme oran indeksi (%14.29), çimlenme indeksi (998.75), veçimlenme hızı katsayı (16.97) değerlerinin musluk suyu ile sulanan kaplanmıştohumlardan, en düşük çimlenme oran indeksi (%1.79), çimlenme indeksi (138.75)ve çimlenme hızı katsayısı (12.57) değerlerinin ise elektriksel iletkenliği 12.0 dS m-1 olansuyla sulanan kaplanmamış tohumlardan elde edildiği tespit edilmiştir. Erkençimlenme değerlerinin düşük ortalama çimlenme zamanı (MGT) ve %50 çimlenmezamanı (T50) değerlerinin elde edildiği kaplanmış tohumlarda görüldüğübulunmuştur., In this study, apod experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of sodium chloride salinityon germination of coated and uncoated seeds of alfalfa seeds under controlledgreenhouse conditions at Konya in May 2013. The experimental design was a split-split plot with salinitytreatments as main plots, coated and uncoated seeds subplots. Pots were irrigated with tap water (0.3 dS m-1)or (3.0, 6.0 or 9.0 dS m-1). As result of study, seed germinationwas significantly affected by irrigation water salinity at the initial stage ofgermination. For coated and uncoated seed, the final seed germination exceeded79.00% except at the salt concentrations higher than 3.0 dSm-1 wheregermination percentage statically decreased down. The highestgermination rate index (GRI, 14.29%), germination index (GI, 998.75), andcoefficient of velocity of germination (CVG, 16.97) values were obtained fromthe coated seeds irrigated with the tap water while the lowest GRI (1.79%), GI(138.75), and CVG (12.57) values were obtained from the uncoated seedsirrigated with salt concentration of electrical conductivity (EC) of 12.0 dS m-1. Earliergerminations were recorded for coated seeds as indicated by lower value of meangermination time (MGT) and time of 50%germination (T50).

Artan nüfusun besin ihtiyacını karşılamak için sulanan alanların artırılması, Konya Ovası gibi su kaynaklarının sınırlı olduğu bölgelerde yeraltından fazla suyun çekilmesine neden olmaktadır. Bu gibi bölgelerde tarımsal üretiminin devamlılığını sağlamak için, tarımda kullanılan suyun azaltılması zorunluluk haline gelmiştir. Konya ovasında geniş alanlarda üretimi yapılan ayçiçeği bitkisi su-verim ilişkileri yönünden araştırılması gereken bir bitkidir. Bu çalışmada, farklı sulama aralığı (S) ve bitki-pan katsayılarının (Kcp), damla sulama yöntemiyle sulanan ayçiçeğinde dane verimi ve verim parametrelerine olan etkileri iki yıl süreyle araştırılmıştır. Araştırma, 2013-2014 yıllarında, Selçuk Üniversitesi Sarıcalar Araştırma ve Uygulama Çiftliği Arazisi'nde, 3x5 faktöriyel deneme deseninde, 4 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada üç farklı sulama aralığı (S5:5, S10:10 ve S15:15 gün) ve beş farklı bitki-pan katsayısı (Kcp1.25: pandan buharlaşanın %125'i, Kcp1.00: pandan buharlaşanın %100'ü, Kcp0.75: pandan buharlaşanın %75'i, Kcp0.50: pandan buharlaşanın %50'si kadar sulama suyu uygulamak ve Kcp0.00: sulama yapılmayan konu) kullanılmıştır. Ayçiçeği tarımında, 5 ve 10 gün sulama aralıklarında, dane verimi, bin dane ağırlığı, sap kalınlığı, yağ oranı, yağ verimi ve kuru madde oranı arasında %1 ve %5 önem seviyesinde bir farklılık bulunmamıştır. Sulama aralığı 15 gün olan deneme konuları, yağ oranı, kuru madde oranı ve sap kalınlığı dışında 5 gün sulama aralığına sahip deneme konularından, %1 önem seviyesine göre ayrılmıştır. Bu nedenle, Konya koşullarında verim ve kalite unsurları açısından ayçiçeği sulamasında 15 gün sulama aralığı uygun bulunmamıştır. Bitki-pan katsayıları dikkate alındığında, 1.25 ve 1.00 Kcp değerine sahip deneme konuları arasında, dane verimi, bin dane ağırlığı, tabla çapı, bitki boyu, sap kalınlığı, yağ oranı, yağ verimi ve kuru madde oranı arasında istatistikî olarak %1 ve %5 önem düzeyinde bir farklılık bulunmamıştır. Kcp değeri 1.00 olan deneme konularında, Kcp değeri 1.25 olan deneme konularına kıyasla yaklaşık %17 sulama suyu tasarrufu sağlanmıştır. Her iki deneme yılının ortalaması alındığında; en yüksek mevsimlik bitki su tüketimi 748.7 mm ile S10Kcp1.25 konusunda gerçekleşmiştir. En yüksek dane verimi (548.1 kg/da), en fazla su tüketen S10Kcp1.25 konusunda elde edilmiş ve anılan konuyu sırasıyla S5Kcp1.25 (544.4 kg/da), S5Kcp1.00 (521.8 kg/da) ve S10Kcp1.00 (504.1 kg/da) konuları izlemiştir. Bu konular arasında verimdeki düşüş, en yüksek verimin elde edildiği konuya göre %0.7 ile %8.0 arasında değişmiştir. Söz konusu deneme konuları arasında istatistikî olarak bir farklılık bulunmamıştır. Ancak, yine 5 ve 10 gün aralıklarla sulanan ve bitki-pan katsayısı 0.75 olan konularda dane verimindeki azalma, S10Kcp1.25 konusuna kıyasla yaklaşık %25 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Sulama aralığı 15 gün olan ve bitki-pan katsayısı 1.00 olan konuda verimdeki azalma, S10Kcp1.25 konusuna göre yaklaşık %15'tir. Bu nedenle, Konya bölgesinde, ayçiçeği tarımında optimum bir dane verimi elde edilebilmesi için, sulama aralığının 10 günü geçmemesi gerekir. Ayrıca, bitki-pan katsayısının 1.00 olarak uygulanması yüksek dane verimi açısından önemlidir. Sulama suyu kullanım etkinliği (IWUE) ve su kullanım etkinliği (WUE), her iki deneme yılı birlikte değerlendirildiğinde; sırasıyla 0.70-3.70 kg/m3 ve 0.53-0.75 kg/m3 arasında değişmiştir. En yüksek IWUE değeri sulama yapılmayan konularda; en yüksek WUE değeri ise, S5Kcp1.00 deneme konusunda elde edilmiştir. Verim tepki etmeni (ky) değeri iki deneme yılının ortalaması alındığında 1.14 olarak bulunmuştur. Verim tepki etmeni 1'den büyük olduğu için, Konya koşullarında yetiştirilen ayçiçeği bitkisinin su kısıtına duyarlı olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Konya koşullarında, sulama mevsimi boyunca kullanılabilecek kap katsayısı (kp) değerleri 0.82 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Ayçiçeğinin sulama sezonu boyunca 5'er günlük ara ile bitki katsayısı (kc) değerleri; maksimum koşullarda, 2013'te ortalama 1.02, 2014'te ise 1.05 olarak hesaplanmıştır., The enlargement of irrigation lands to feed the increasing population has resulted to excessive groundwater withdrawal in the areas where the water resources are limited as Konya Plain. To maintain agricultural production in such areas, it is essential to reduce water consumption in agriculture. The sunflower, which is cultivated large areas in Konya Plain, is one of the crops that should be investigated for water-yield relationships. In the present work, a 2-year study was conducted to determine the effects of different irrigation intervals (S) and crop-pan coefficients (Kcp) on the seed yield and yield components of drip-irrigated sunflower. The experimental design was made in randomized blocks, in a 3x5 factorial scheme with four replications at the Selcuk University Sarıcalar Research and Application Farm in 2013 and 2014 years. Treatments consisted of three irrigation intervals (S5:5 gün, S10:10 gün ve S15:15 gün) and five crop-pan coefficients (Kcp1.25: 125% of pan evaporation, Kcp1.00: 100% of pan evaporation, Kcp0.75: 75% of pan evaporation, Kcp0.50: 50% of pan evaporation, and Kcp0.00: no irrigation). The results indicated that differences in seed yield, 1000- seed weight, stem thickness, oil rate, oil yield and dry matter among 5 and 10 days irrigation interval were small and statistically in insignificant at 1% and 5% level of significance. The differences excepts in oil rate, dry matter rate and stem thickness among 5 days irrigation interval and 15 days irrigation interval was found significant at 1% level of significance. From the evaluation this result, it can be concluded that 15 day irrigation interval isn't suitable for Konya Plain in terms of sunflower yield and yield components. When crop-pan coefficients considered, differences in seed yield, 1000-seed weight, head diameter, plant height, stem thickness, oil rate, oil yield and dry mate among 1.25 and 1.00 Kcp treatments wasn't found significant at 1% and 5% at level of significance. About 17% irrigation water saved up in the Kcp 1.00 treatments compared with Kcp 1.25 treatments. Across both years, the highest seasonal crop evaporation (748,7 mm) was obtained from S10Kcp1.25 treatment. The highest yield (548.1 kg/da) was recorded for S10Kcp1.25 treatment where the highest evapotranspration obtained and followed by S5Kcp1.25 (544.4 kg/da), S5Kcp1.00 (521.8 kg/da) and S10Kcp1.00 (504.1 kg/da) treatments respectively. The yield decrease among these treatments ranged between 0.7% and 8.0% when compared S10Kcp1.25 where the highest yield obtained from. Differences in the given treatments were not found significant. However, the yield decrease in the treatments where irrigation interval is 5 and 10 days and kcp 0.75 was 25% compared with S10Kcp1.25 treatment. The yield decrease in S15Kcp1.00 treatment where irrigation interval is 15 and kcp 1.00 was 15% compared with S10Kcp1.25 treatment. According to these results, it can be concluded that the irrigation interval shouldn't be higher than 10 day for optimum yield. Moreover, kcp should be considered as 1.00 in irrigation in terms of grain yield and water saving at Konya Plain. Irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and water use efficiency (WUE) were ranged between 0.70 -3.70 kg/m3and 0.53-0.75 kg/m3 respectively, when both years considered. The highest IWUE values were obtained from non-irrigated treatments while the highest WUE value was obtained from S5Kcp1.00 treatment. Yield response factor (ky) was found as 1.14 in consideration of two year means. It can be concluded that the sunflower cultivated in Konya plain is sensitive to water stress because of the ky value higher than 1. Pan coefficient (kp) was calculated as 0.82 for whole sunflower irrigation season in Konya Plain. The average crop coefficient (kc) of sunflower within 5 days interval for whole sunflower irrigation season was calculated as 1.02 and 1.05 at 2013 and 2014 respectively., Bu tez çalışması Selçuk Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri (BAP) Ofis Müdürlüğü tarafından 13101014 nolu proje ile desteklenmiştir.

This study was conducted to determine the energy requirement of sprinkler irrigation established in different crops in Konya-Çumra irrigation district. The properties such as water resource, pumping unit, systems equipments, operation pressure, sprinkler’s spacing of the sprinkler systems were investigated and determined with regards to crops. The results showed that sprinkler irrigation systems operated and planned in five different-forms when considered their water resources and pumping units. The research was conducted on totally 69 sprinkler systems. In study, diesel fuel or electric energy, equipment manufacture energy and labour energy consumption of the sprinkler systems were determined. According to results; in sprinkler irrigation systems induced moto-pomp, the annual energy consumptions of per unit area (1 ha) for diesel fuel, equipment energy and labour energy were found as 14107, 923 and 44 MJ ha-1 year-1 on average, respectively. In centrifugal pumping systems induced by power take-off shaft, these values were computed to be 21458, 3700 and 41 MJ ha-1 year-1, respectively. In vertical axle pump system induced by power take-off shaft, the annual energy consumptions of per unit area (1 ha) for diesel fuel, equipment energy and labour energy were computed as 35748, 3873 and 40 MJ ha-1 year-1. In vertical axle pump induced by electric motor, this values were calculated to be 35491, 1164 and 42 MJ ha-1 year-1 and in submersible pumping systems this values were computed as 38850, 1321 and 37 MJ ha-1 year-1, respectively, Bu çalışma, farklı bitkilerde, yağmurlama sulamanın enerji tüketimine tespit etmek amacıyla Konya-Çumra sulama şebekesi alanında yürütülmüştür. Bölgede uygulanan yağmurlama sistemlerinin su kaynağı, basınç kaynağı, sistem elemanları, işletme basınçları, başlık tertip esasları gibi özellikleri yerinde inceleme ve gözlemler yapılmak suretiyle belirlenmiştir. Su kaynağı ve basınç kaynağı dikkate alındığında beş farklı yağmurlama sisteminin planlanıp işletildiği tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma bu beş grup dikkate alınarak toplam 69 yağmurlama tesisi üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada, sistemlerin dizel yakıt veya elektrik enerjisi, ekipman üretim enerjisi ve işgücü enerji tüketimi belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; yüzey su kaynaklarından sulama yapan yağmurlama sistemlerinde birim alana yıllık enerji tüketimi; dizel veya elektrik enerjisi, ekipman üretim enerjisi ve insan işgücü enerjisi olarak sırasıyla motopomplu sistemlerde; ortalama 14107, 923 ve 44 MJ ha-1 yıl-1, kuyruk mili ile tahrik edilen santrifüj pompalı sistemlerde; 21458, 3700 ve 41 MJ ha-1 yıl-1 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Aynı değerler yeraltı su kaynaklarından sulama yapan yağmurlama sistemlerinden kuyruk mili ile tahrik edilen düşey milli pompalı sistemlerde; 35748, 3873 ve 40 MJ ha-1 yıl-1, elektrik motoru ile tahrik edilen düşey milli pompalı sistemlerde; 35491, 1164 ve 42 MJ ha-1 yıl-1, dalgıç pompalı sistemlerde ise 38850, 1321 ve 37 MJ ha-1 yıl-1 olarak hesaplanmıştır.

In this study, the effects of sprinkler and drip irrigation methods on salt distributions within soil profile were researched. The irrigation interval for each irrigation methods was 7 (seven) days and water content of soil was replenished to the field capacity in each irrigation (FC). The irrigation content of soil was measured by Δt Profile Probe moisture meter. As a result, when initial and final soil salinity values soil depth compared, it was observed that the soil salinity decreased 40.8% on sprinkler irrigation and 29.5% on drip irrigation method at depth of 0 -30 cm, 26.3% on sprinkler irrigation method and 25.5% on drip irrigation method at depth of 30 – 60 cm whereas the soil salinity increased 58.8% on sprinkler irrigation method and 56.2% on drip irrigation method at depth of 60 -90 cm, 54.6% on sprinkler irrigation method and 31.8% on drip irrigation method at depth of 90 -120 cm.

bjective: Patients commonly take a combination of prescription drugs and herbal medicines. Often these alternative products have known pharmacological effects which may interact with drugs given perioperatively, resulting in adverse effects (1, 2). These herbal mixtures, which are known as natural herbal products, have been reported in cases as increasing morbidity and mortality. These herbal products must have effect on anesthetic and surgical method since they have that much side effects in daily usage. The purpose of this study is to raise awareness of medical specialists of herbal product usage in preoperative stage. Method: The study was performed on voluntary residents and specialists practicing in the Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital following the approval received from the Ethics Committee. Apart from personal information such as age, gender, department and academic status, it was also investigated whether they use herbal medicine and recommend herbal medicines to their patients. The perioperative management strategies of patients who use herbal medicine were examined. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS for Windows, version 20.0. The level of significance was set as p

Tezcan, Aysu Hayriye/0000-0001-7779-6965; Ornek, Dilsen/0000-0002-3300-4839 WOS: 000346112400015 PubMed: 25674117 Objective: In this study, we examined the euphoric effect of propofol and its high satisfaction ratio regarding its liability to be abused, particularly in painless procedures, such as colonoscopy. Methods: Fifty subjects aged between 18 and 65 years who fulfilled the criteria for ASA 1-2 and were prepared for colonoscopy were enrolled into this study. For intravenous sedation induction, 2 mg/kg propofol was used, and additional injections were administered according to BIS values. After colonoscopy, the subjects were taken to a recovery room and observed for 30 minutes. Patients were interviewed with the modified Brice questionnare regarding the incidence and the content of dreams. A 5-point Likert scale was used to classify their dreams, and the content of the dreams was also recorded. To assess the subjective effects of propofol, the patients were asked to use the Hall and Van der Castle emotion scale; their biological states were also assessed. The patients' feelings regarding propofol were each rated as absent or present. We used the Morphine-Benzedrine Group scale to measure the euphoric effects of propofol. At the end of the study, subjects scored their satisfaction on a five-point scale. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in sex age, weight, propofol dose, or satisfaction ratio (p > 0.05) in the groups, although male patients received a higher dose of propofol and had higher satisfaction ratio. Patients reported no residual after-effects. The incidence of dreaming was 42%. There was no statistically significant difference in dreaming between the sexes, but male patients had a higher dreaming ratio. Dreamers received higher propofol doses and had a higher satisfaction ratio (p > 0.05). All dreamers reported happy dreams regarding daily life, and their mean MBG score was 10.5. There was no correlation between MBG scores and propofol doses (r = -0.044, p = 0.761). Conclusions: We conclude that propofol functions as a reward; that patients enjoy its acute effects; and that no residual after-effects should arise. We suggest that propofol may carry potential for abuse, and further abuse liability testing is indicated.

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WOS: 000494707100005, Sustainability of plant production activities and improvement of irrigated lands in arid and semi-arid regions totally depend on efficient use of available water resources. Such an efficient use of water resources can be provided through assessment of water-yield relationships and identification of proper irrigation programs, schedules, and operational principles. There are no studies carried out to determine water-yield relations of oleic-type sunflower plants grown over large areas in Konya plain. In this study, different irrigation intervals (S) and crop-pan coefficients (Kcp) were used in drip irrigation of sunflower plants in Konya which is located at the Middle Anatolia in Turkey. The primary objective was to determine the effects of irrigation levels and intervals on yield and quality parameters of sunflower plants. Experiments were conducted in 2013-2014 growing seasons in 3 x 5 factorial design with 4 replications. Three different irrigation intervals (S-5:5, S-10:10, and S-15:15-day) and five different crop-pan coefficients (Kcp(1.25):125% of pan evaporation, Kcp(1.00):100% of pan evaporation, Kcp(0.75):75% of pan evaporation, Kcp(0.50):50% of pan evaporation, and Kcp(0.00):rain-fed without irrigation) were used in this study. In an average of 2 years, the greatest seed yield (5481 kg/ha) was obtained from S(10)Kcp(1.25) with the greatest water consumption (748.7 mm). As compared with S(10)Kcp(1.25) treatment, about 25% decrease was observed in yield of Kcp(0.75) treatments irrigated at 5- and 10-day intervals. Such a decrease was identified as 15% in Kcp(1.00) treatments irrigated at 15-day intervals. Therefore, for optimum seed yields from sunflower plants grown in Konya plain, irrigation intervals should not exceed 10 days. Also, crop-pan coefficient should be taken as 1.00 for high seed yields. Again, in an average of 2 years, irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) of the treatments varied between 0.70 and 3.70 kg/m(3) and water use efficiency (WUE) values varied between 0.53 and 0.75 kg/m(3). The average yield response factor (k(y)) was identified as 1.14. Since the value is greater than 1, it was concluded that sunflower plants were sensitive to water deficits under Konya conditions., Selcuk University BAP officeSelcuk University [13101014], This work was supported by the project of "13101014" by Selcuk University BAP office and is part of Nurcan Yavuz's doctoral thesis.