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The current manuscript investigates a model of the spread of polio under the condition of vaccination by using the novel modified Atangana-Baleanu-Caputo (mABC) fractional derivative. This problem has been studied for non-zero solutions under the modified operator. The series-type solution has been obtained through the application of a Laplace transformation, along with the decomposition technique and Adomian polynomial for the nonlinear terms. The qualitative analysis for the solution of the model has been tested by using fixed point theory. The stability of the solution is also crucial for a dynamical system; therefore, it was checked by using the T-Picard method. With the help of the approximate scheme, numerical simulations were conducted for the proposed model by using different fractional orders and transmission parameters. Based on the obtained positivity of the solutions and numerical stability, we have established the analysis of the mABC operator in the field of fractional calculus and other physical sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on the identification and comparisons of the distribution of deadwood volumes in pure and mixed Oriental spruce stands in both the managed and protected areas of Savsat region according to decay and deadwood classes. Within the scope of the study, a total of 476 sample plots including the variability of age class, site class, canopy and stand type were taken from the area. In each sample plot, the number and size (diameter and height) of deadwood trees such as standing deadwood trees, stumps, downed deadwood trees as well as their detailed characteristics (deadwood tree classes and decay classes) were measured. The estimated average volume of the total deadwood and its ratio to the standing growing stock was 10.1 m3/ha and 2.5% in the Veliköy Forest Management Unit (FMU) and 22.5 m3/ha and 4.2% in the national park. The deadwood volumes in decay classes, from high to low, were calculated as 3.56, 2.26, 2.03, 1.85 and 0.41 m3/ha in Decay Class 2 (DC2), Decay Class 3 (DC3), Decay Class 5 (DC5), Decay Class 4 (DC4) and Decay Class 1 (DC1) decay classes for Veliköy FMU; and 9.81, 6.13, 3.46, 2.59 and 0.47 m3/ha in DC3, DC2, DC4, DC5 and DC1 decay classes for the Karagöl-Sahara National Park, respectively. The decay classes in which the deadwood volumes in the standing deadwood, downed deadwood and stump classes are the highest are DC2 (69%), DC4 (30%) and DC5 (33%) in the managed forests, respectively. In the protected forest, the decay classes in which the deadwood volumes in the standing deadwood, downed deadwood and stump classes are the highest are DC3 (52%), DC3 (47%) and DC5 (31%), respectively. The distribution of deadwood volume by deadwood and decay classes provides an indication of the temporal variation in tree mortality and can be used to estimate the optimal deadwood volume ratio in biodiversity integrated forest management planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the dynamics of a stochastic prey–predator model using a functional response function driven by Lévy noise and a mixed Holling-II and Beddington–DeAngelis functional response. The proposed model presents a computational analysis between two prey and one predator population dynamics. First, we show that the suggested model admits a unique positive solution. Second, we prove the extinction of all the studied populations, the extinction of only the predator, and the persistence of all the considered populations under several sufficient conditions. Finally, a special Runge–Kutta method for the stochastic model is illustrated and implemented in order to show the behavior of the two prey and one predator subpopulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mathematical modelling and simulation in biophysics and its applications in terms of both theoretical and biological/physical/ecological point of view arise in a number of research problems ranging from physical and chemical processes to biomathematics and life science. As known, the modeling of a biophysical system requires the analysis of the different interactions occurring among the different components of the system. This editorial article deals with the topic of this special issue, which is devoted to the new developments in the modelling and simulation in biophysical applications with special attention to the interplay between different scholars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water pollution is a critical global concern that demands ongoing scrutiny and revision of water resource policies at all levels to safeguard a healthy living environment. In this study, we focus on examining the dynamics of a fractional-order model involving three interconnected lakes, utilizing the Caputo differential operator. The aim is to investigate the issue of lake pollution by analyzing a system of linear equations that represent the interconnecting waterways. To numerically solve the model, we employ two methods: The Laplace transform with the Adomian decomposition method (LADM) and the Homotopy perturbation method (HPM). We compare the obtained numerical solutions from both methods and present the results. The study encompasses three variations of the model: the periodic input model, the exponentially decaying input model, and the linear input model. MATLAB is employed to conduct numerical simulations for the proposed scheme, considering various fractional orders. The numerical results are further supported by informative graphical illustrations. Through simulation, we validate the suitability of the proposed model for addressing the issue at hand. The outcomes of this research contribute to the understanding and management of water pollution, aiding policymakers and researchers in formulating effective strategies for maintaining water quality and protecting our environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determining the shooting direction in gunshot wounds is very important, especially in cases where the number of suspects is more than one. In cases of gunshot wounds, a detailed anamnesis should be taken and an examination should be performed, it should be investigated whether the injury caused a bone fracture, and the diagnosis should be confirmed by radiological examinations. With the use of radiological examinations, the direction of the shot can be determined by evaluating the appearance of the metal fragments separated from the bullet core, which crashes into the bone tissue and bone fragments. Radiological imaging of a 32-year-old male patient who was injured in the left leg area with a firearm and was sent to Forensic Medicine Department of Medical School of Manisa Celal Bayar University to determine the shooting direction was evaluated. The case, whose entrance-exit holes were distinguished and the direction of the shot was determined by radiological imaging, is presented to guide the medicolegal evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The alleviation of landslide impacts is a priority since they have the potential to cause significant economic damage as well as the loss of human life. Mitigation can be achieved effectively by using warning systems and preventive measures. The development of improved methodologies for the analysis and understanding of landslides is at the forefront of this scientific field. Identifying effective monitoring techniques (accurate, fast, and low cost) is the pursued objective. Geographic Information Systems (GISs) and remote sensing techniques are utilized in order to achieve this goal. In this study, four methodological approaches (manual landslide delineation, a segmentation process, and two mapping models, specifically object-based image analysis and pixel-based image analysis (OBIA and PBIA)) were proposed and tested with the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and data analysis methods to showcase the state and evolution of landslides. The digital surface model (DSM)-based classification approach was also used to support the aforementioned approaches. This study focused on streamside landslides at research sites in three different countries: Greece, Romania, and Turkey. The results highlight that the areas of the OBIA-based classifications were the most similar (98%) to our control (manual) classifications for all three sites. The landslides' perimeters at the Lefkothea and Chirlesti sites showed similar results to the OBIA-based classification (93%), as opposed to the Sirtoba site, where the perimeters of the landslides from OBIA-based classification were not well corroborated by the perimeters in the manual classification. Deposition areas that extend beyond the trees were revealed by the DSM-based classification. The results are encouraging because the methodology can be used to monitor landslide evolution with accuracy and high performance in different regions. Specifically, terrains that are difficult to access can be surveyed by UAVs because of their ability to take aerial images. The obtained results provide a framework for the unitary analysis of landslides using modern techniques and tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we propose new illustrative and effective modeling to point out the behaviors of the Hepatitis-B virus (Hepatitis-B). Not only do we consider the mathematical modeling, equilibria, stabilities, and existence–uniqueness analysis of the model, but also, we make numerical simulations by using the Adams–Bashforth numerical scheme. However, we apply the parameter estimation method to determine our model parameters and find the curve that best fits the model. Additionally, in this study, the stability analysis of the aforementioned model is considered, and also the sensitivity analysis of R0 is examined. The results point out that the order of the fractional derivative has an essential effect on the dynamical process of the constructed model for Hepatitis-B. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores and highlights the effect of stochasticity on the extinction behavior of a disease in a general epidemic model. Specifically, we consider a sophisticated dynamical model that combines logistic growth, quarantine strategy, media intrusion, and quadratic noise. The amalgamation of all these hypotheses makes our model more practical and realistic. By adopting new analytical techniques, we provide a sharp criterion for disease eradication. The theoretical results show that the extinction criterion of our general perturbed model is mainly determined by the parameters closely related to the linear and quadratic perturbations as well as other deterministic parameters of the system. In order to clearly show the strength of our new result in a practical way, we perform numerical examples using the case of herpes simplex virus (HSV) in the USA. We conclude that a great amount of quadratic noise minimizes the period of HSV and affects its eradication time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mathematical modelling has been widely used in many fields, especially in recent years. The applications of mathematical modelling in infectious diseases have shown that situations such as isolation, quarantine, vaccination and treatment are often necessary to eliminate most infectious diseases. In this study, a mathematical model of COVID-19 disease involving susceptible (S), exposed (E), infected (I), quarantined (Q), vaccinated (V) and recovered (R) populations is considered. In order to show the biological significance of the system, the non-negative solution region and the boundedness of the relevant biological compartments are shown. The endemic and disease-free equilibrium points of the model are calculated, and local stability analyses of these equilibrium points are performed. The basic reproduction number is also calculated for the relevant model. Sensitivity analysis of this number is studied, and it has been pointed out which parameters affect this number and how they affect it. Moreover, using real data from Iraq, the model parameters are estimated using the least squares curve fitting method, and numerical simulations are performed by using these estimated values. For the solution of the model, the Adams-Bashforth type predictive-corrective numerical method is used, and with the help of numerical simulations, several predictions are achieved about the future course of COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historically, the media in Turkey has been censored by both leftwing and right-wing governments. Today, the presence of free media is considered a threat by the government, and journalists and media owners who dispute government policies experience censorship, loss of employment, imprisonment, and violence. This case study offers new insights into Turkey's media environment by providing a context for both the historical and current political reasons behind the lack of free media in the country. Specifically, I identify a pattern of increased censorship following political threats, especially increased social unrest (Gezi Park protests) and opposition parties' gains in the parliament. In focusing on the Justice and Development Party (AKP) era of supremacy from 2002 to 2020, I explain why the AKP government considers media freedom a threat and examine how it punishes journalists and media owners who dispute government policies. After outlining the relevant aspects of Turkey's history, I discuss the notion of an ideal press and the challenges of peace journalism (PJ), then analyze the political landscape under the AKP. Finally, I argue that (1) social unrest and increased presence of opposition parties in parliament are the primary reasons driving ongoing press censorship in Turkey and (2) Turkey, despite having elections, is not a full democracy because it lacks a free press. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detecting COVID-19 in computed tomography (CT) or radiography images has been proposed as a supplement to the RT-PCR test. We compare slice-based (2D) and volume-based (3D) approaches to this problem and propose a deep learning ensemble, called IST-CovNet, combining the best 2D and 3D systems with novel preprocessing and attention modules and the use of a bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory model for combining slice-level decisions. The proposed ensemble obtains 90.80% accuracy and 0.95 AUC score overall on the newly collected IST-C dataset in detecting COVID-19 among normal controls and other types of lung pathologies; and 93.69% accuracy and 0.99 AUC score on the publicly available MosMedData dataset that consists of COVID-19 scans and normal controls only. The system also obtains state-of-art results (90.16% accuracy and 0.94 AUC) on the COVID-CT-MD dataset which is only used for testing. The system is deployed at Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine where it is used to automatically screen CT scans of patients, while waiting for RT-PCR tests or radiologist evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work proposes a qualitative study for the fractional second-grade fluid described by a fractional operator. The classical Caputo fractional operator is used in the investigations. The exact analytical solutions of the constructed problems for the proposed model are determined by using the Laplace transform method, which particularly includes the Laplace transform of the Caputo derivative. The impact of the used fractional operator is presented; especially, the acceleration effect is noticed in the paper. The parameters' influences are focused on the dynamics such as the Prandtl number (P r) , the Grashof numbers (G r) , and the parameter η when the fractional-order derivative is used in modeling the second-grade fluid model. Their impacts are also analyzed from a physical point of view besides mathematical calculations. The impact of the fractional parameter α is also provided. Finally, it is concluded that the graphical representations support the theoretical observations of the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, as a passive flow control method, bleeding technique allowing flow of upstream towards suction side by interior passages, has been utilized on non-slender delta wing planforms, where effective geometries can enhance the flow field characteristics. In order to quantify the effect of the flow control, estimation of the momentum induced by the technique is of significant importance in addition to quantified aerodynamic favor. In the current work, passive bleeding momentum coefficient estimation method is developed and presented based on surface pressure measurements by utilizing Bernoulli equation and loss coefficient for a 45° swept non-slender delta wing. For the characterization of the presented technique in-situ hot wire measurements were performed allowing to extract across bleed slot pressure loss coefficient. Results represent that proposed approach can be used to compute the bleeding momentum where further advancements might lead to an important control parameter for potential active bleeding systems in different flow regimes. • Method development for estimation of passive bleeding momentum coefficient. • In situ calibration of surface pressure measurements with hot wire measurements. • Systematic relation between hot-wire and pressure measurements. • Estimation of across loss coefficient using extended Bernoulli equation. • Calibration of pressure measurements helps to develop flow control schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Korteweg{De Vries (KdV) equation has always provided a venue to study and generalizes diverse physical phenomena. The pivotal aim of the study is to analyze the behaviors of forced KdV equation describing the free surface criti- cal ow over a hole by finding the solution with the help of q-homotopy analysis transform technique (q-HATT). he projected method is elegant amalgamations of q-homotopy analysis scheme and Laplace transform. Three fractional oper-ators are hired in the present study to show their essence in generalizing the models associated with power-law distribution, kernel singular, non-local and non-singular. The fixed-point theorem employed to present the existence and uniqueness for the hired arbitrary-order model and convergence for the solution is derived with Banach space. The projected scheme springs the series solution rapidly towards convergence and it can guarantee the convergence associated with the homotopy parameter. Moreover, for diverse fractional order the physi- cal nature have been captured in plots. The achieved consequences illuminates, the hired solution procedure is reliable and highly methodical in investigating the behaviours of the nonlinear models of both integer and fractional order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the existent study, combined magneto-convection heat exchange in a driven enclosure having vertical fin was analyzed numerically. The finite element system-based GWR procedure was utilized to determine the flow model's governing equations. A parametric inquiry was executed to review the influence of Richardson and Hartmann numbers on flow shape and heat removal features inside a frame. The problem's resulting numerical outcomes were demonstrated graphically in terms of isotherms, streamlines, velocity sketches, local Nusselt number, global Nusselt number, and global fluid temperature. It was found that the varying lengths of the fin surface have a substantial impact on flow building and heat line sketch. Further, it was also noticed that a relatively fin length is needed to increase the heat exchange rate on the right cool wall at a high Richardson number. The fin can significantly enhance heat removal performance rate from an enclosure to adjacent fluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the fractional damped generalized regularized long‐wave equation in the sense of Caputo, Atangana‐Baleanu, and Caputo‐Fabrizio fractional derivatives. With the aid of fixed‐point theorem in the Atangana‐Baleanu fractional derivative with Mittag‐Leffler–type kernel, we show the existence and uniqueness of the solution to the damped generalized regularized long‐wave equation. The modified Laplace decomposition method (MLDM) defined in the sense of Caputo, Atangana‐Baleanu, and Caputo‐Fabrizio (in the Riemann sense) operators is used in securing the approximate‐analytical solutions of the nonlinear model. The numerical simulations of the obtained solutions are performed with different suitable values of ρ, which is the order of fractional parameter. We have seen the effect of the various parameters and variables on the displacement in figures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider a fractional‐order nerve impulse model which is known as FitzHugh–Nagumo (F–N) model in this paper. Knowing the solutions of this model allows the management of the nerve impulses process. Especially, considering this model as fractional‐order ensures to be able to analyze in detail because of the memory effect. In this context, first, we use an analytical solution and with the aim of this solution, we obtain numerical solutions by using two numerical schemes. Then, we demonstrate the walking wave‐type solutions of the stated problem. These solutions include complex trigonometric functions, complex hyperbolic functions, and algebraic functions. In addition, the linear stability analysis is performed and the absolute error is occurred by comparing the numerical results with the analytical result. All of the results are depicted by tables and figures. This paper not only points out the exact and numerical solutions of the model but also compares the differences and the similarities of the stated solution methods. Therefore, the results of this paper are important and useful for either neuroscientists and physicists or mathematicians and engineers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a fundamental solution method for nonlinear fractional regularized long-wave (RLW) models. Since analytical methods cannot be applied easily to solve such models, numerical or semianalytical methods have been extensively considered in the literature. In this paper, we suggest a solution method that is coupled with a kind of integral transformation, namely Elzaki transform (ET), and apply it to two different nonlinear regularized long wave equations. They play an important role to describe the propagation of unilateral weakly nonlinear and weakly distributer liquid waves. Therefore, these equations have been noticed by scientists who study waves their movements. Particularly, they have been used to model a large class of physical and engineering phenomena. In this context, this paper takes into consideration an up-to-date method and fractional operators, and aims to obtain satisfactory approximate solutions to nonlinear problems. We present this achievement, firstly, by defining the Elzaki transforms of Atangana–Baleanu fractional derivative (ABFD) and Caputo fractional derivative (CFD) and then applying them to the RLW equations. Finally, numerical outcomes giving us better approximations after only a few iterations can be easily obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Countries aiming for sustainability in economic growth and development ensure the reliability of energy supplies. For countries to provide their energy needs uninterruptedly, it is important for domestic and renewable energy sources to be utilised. For this reason, the supply of reliable and sustainable energy has become an important issue that concerns and occupies mankind. Of the renewable energy sources, wind energy is a clean, reliable and inexhaustible source of energy with low operating costs. Turkey is a rich nation in terms of wind energy potential. Forecasting of investment efficiency is an important issue before and during the investment period in wind energy investment process because of high investment costs. It is aimed to forecast the wind energy products monthly with multilayer neural network approach in this study. For this aim a feed forward back propagation neural network model has been established. As a set of data, wind speed values 48 months (January 2012-December 2015) have been used. The training data set occurs from 36 monthly wind speed values (January 2012-December 2014) and the test data set occurs from other values (January-December 2015). Analysis findings show that the trained Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) have the ability of accurate prediction for the samples that are not used at training phase. The prediction errors for the wind energy plantation values are ranged between 0.00494-0.015035. Also the overall mean prediction error for this prediction is calculated as 0.004818 (0.48%). In general, we can say that ANNs be able to estimate the aspect of wind energy plant productions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, schistosomiasis fractional order dynamic model is examined via exponential law kernel sense and Mittag-Leffler kernel in Liouville–Caputo sense. Some special solutions for two operators are obtained using the iterative scheme through Laplace transform and Sumudu–Picard integration technique. The uniqueness and existence of solution for both operators are established. The numerical solutions for both operators approve that the desirable results can be obtained when alpha value is less than 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The effect of thickness-to-chord (t / C) ratio on aerodynamics of a non-slender delta wing with sweep angle of 45 degree is characterized in a low-speed wind tunnel using laser illuminated smoke visualization, surface pressure measurements, particle image velocimetry, and force measurements. The delta wings of t / C ratios varying from 2% to 15% with 45 degree windward beveled leading edges are tested. The results indicate that the effect of t / C ratio on flow structure is quite substantial. Considering the low angles of attack where the wings experience leading edge vortex structure, the strength of the vortex structure increases as the t / C ratio increases. However, low t / C ratio wings have pronounced surface separations at higher angle of attack compared to the wings with high t / C ratios. These results are well supported by the force measurements such that high t / C ratio wings induce higher lift coefficients, C L , at low angles of attack, whereas maximum C L values are higher and appear at higher angle of attack for low t / C ratio wings. This indicates that low t / C ratio wings are more resistive to the stall condition. Considering the lift-to-drag ratio, C L / C D , increase in t / C ratio induces remarkable drop in C L / C D values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we analyze the behaviours of two different fractional derivative operators defined in the last decade. One of them is defined with the normalized sinc function (NSF) and the other one is defined with the Mittag-Leffler function (MLF). Both of them have a non-singular kernel. The fractional derivative operator defined with the MLF is developed by Atangana and Baleanu (ABO) in 2016 and the other operator defined with the normalized sinc function (NSFDO) is created by Yang et al. in 2017. These mentioned operators have some advantages to model the real life problems and to solve them. On the other hand, since the Laplace transform (LT) of the ABO can be calculated more easily, it can be preferred to solve linear/nonlinear problems. In this study, we use the perturbation method with coupled the LTs of these operators to analyze their performance in solving some fractional differential equations. Furthermore, by constructing the error analysis, we test the practicability and usefulness of the method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents two new numerical techniques for solving time-fractional onedimensional cable differential equation (FCE) modeling neuronal dynamics. We have introduced new formulations for the approximate-analytical solution of the FCE by using modified homotopy perturbation method defined with conformable operator (MHPMC) and reduced differential transform method defined with conformable operator (RDTMC), which are derived the solutions for linear-nonlinear fractional PDEs. In order to show the efficiencies of these methods, we have compared the numerical and exact solutions of fractional neuronal dynamics problem. Moreover, we have declared that the proposed models are very accurate and illustrative techniques in determining to approximate-analytical solutions for the PDEs of fractional order in conformable sense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, Ottoman scholar and calligrapher, who lived between in the second half of the 17th century and in the first quarter of the 18th century, Vahdî İbrahim Effendi's shawâhid sharhes have been introduced. In this context, his brief biography and works have been presented. "Shâhid" (pl. Shawâhid) is the word that is used to determine the rules of Arabic language and mostly it consists of verses. Because these shawâhids are given separately from their contexts, there has been a need to annotate them for making more understandable the closeness in the sense and also the part of word that is supplied proof. In Arabic literature, the tradition of writing shawâhid sharhes grew up as a seperated kind of copyright and started in the second century, rather started with sharhes of shawâhids in Sîbeveyhi's el-Kitâb and had been continued until recently. In the context of Vahdî İbrahim Effendi's shawâhid sharhes, we have also presented the shawâhid sharhes of the works written in the fields of nahw, balaghah, adab and tafsîr chronologically as far as we could find. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Ranolazine is a new medication for angina pectoris. It is usually used for refractory angina pectoris. Ranolazine overdose may cause some serious effects on heart like other cardiac medications. Case Report: We report the case of a 21-year-old girl was brought to the emergency department because of an attempt to commit suicide with a large number of Ranolazine tablets. She went into the coma and was unresponsive to verbal and painful stimuli after two hours of admission. There was no pathological findings on brain computed tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The QT interval was 420 msec and more extended than previous measurements. The patient had three episodes of polymorphic nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT). Despite the amiodarone treatment, the NSVT evolved to polymorphic sustained ventricular tachycardia (Torsade de Pointes; TdP) and Ventricular fibrillation (VF). The patient underwent CPR and accepted as death end of the resuscitation due to asystole on the ECG. Conclusion: Ranolazine overdose is known that may cause some serious ECG changes and seizures. But suddenly entering a coma and death has never been reported with ranolazine intoxication in literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we develop a formulation for the approximate-analytical solution of fractional partial differential equations (PDEs) by using conformable fractional derivative. Firstly, we redefine the conformable fractional Adomian decomposition method (CFADM) and conformable fractional modified homotopy perturbation method (CFMHPM). Then, we solve some initial boundary value problems (IBVP) by using the proposed methods, which can analytically solve the fractional partial differential equations (FPDE). In order to show the efficiencies of these methods, we have compared the numerical and exact solutions of the IBVP. Also, we have found out that the proposed models are very efficient and powerful techniques in finding approximate solutions for the IBVP of fractional order in the conformable sense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we have aimed the numerical inverse Laplace homotopy technique for solving some interesting 1-D time-fractional heat equations. This method is based on the Laplace homotopy perturbation method, which is combined form of the Laplace transform and the homotopy perturbation method. Firstly, we have applied to the fractional 1-D PDE by using He's polynomials. Then we have used Laplace transform method and discussed how to solve these PDE by using Laplace homotopy perturbation method. We have declared that the proposed model is very efficient and powerful technique in finding approximate solutions to the fractional PDE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fundamental aim of this research is to compare the efficiency and productivity of two strategies, video prompting and video modelling on children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The purpose of the strategy application is to instil the children behaviours on how to make tea using a tea bag and cheese toast. To determine the social validity of the study, the instructors of the subjects were investigated to collect socially valid data by use of video modelling and video prompting. The subjects of the study are three male students in their 16s and 17s diagnosed with ASD. The study was held in the kitchen of a private rehabilitation center. The results of the study indicate that the subjects (three of them) have acquired all behaviours and objectives provided through video prompting. In the video modelling method two of the subjects were successful in acquiring the target behaviours but one was not. The findings suggest that video prompting strategy is more effective than the video modelling. It was observed that the acquired behaviours were present and permanent after the research applications were over on three different check points on the 15th, 30th and 45th day. The teachers of the subjects who participated in the research also reported positive views on both strategies, video modelling and video prompting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, we have introduced a new formulation for the approximate-analytical solution of the fractional onedimensional cable differential equation (FCE) by using the conformable fractional derivative. First of all, we have redefined Adomian decomposition method (CADM) and variational iteration method (CVIM) in the conformable sense. Then, we have solved by using the mentioned methods, which can analytically solve the fractional partial differential equations (FPDEs). In order to represent the efficiencies of these proposed methods, we have compared the numerical and exact solutions of the (FCE). Also, we have found out that the proposed models defined with the conformable derivative operator are very efficient and powerful techniques in finding approximate- analytical solutions for the cable equation of fractional order. In addition, the classical derivative and integral properties are recovered partially when the fractional term (alpha) is equal to one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of bureaucracy from the Ottoman Empire to the Republic of Turkey is among the fields in academic interest of Metin Heper and İdris Küçükömer. It is noteworthy that the basis of their ideas about this role is overlapping. Both ascertain that the evolution process of Turkey is different from the West which is concluded with modern state, and therefore bureaucracy has a different role from the Western cases. However, Heper and Küçükömer are distinct while analysing the role of bureaucracy in this process. In this context, analyzing the role of bureaucracy in Turkish history in a comparative manner based on Heper and Küçükömer is the subject of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an investigation into the relationship between heart attacks and the Omicron variant, employing a novel mathematical model. The model incorporates two adjustable control parameters to manage the number of infected individuals and individuals with the Omicron variant. The study examines the model's positivity and boundedness, evaluates the reproduction number (R0), and conducts a sensitivity analysis of the control parameters based on the reproduction number. The model's parameters are estimated using the widely utilized least squares curve fitting method, employing real COVID-19 cases from Türkiye. Finally, numerical simulations demonstrate the efficacy of the suggested controls in reducing the number of infected individuals and the Omicron population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In computational Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) hemodynamics studies, along with adjusting the problem geometry, mesh, transport, turbulence and rheology models; setting up boundary conditions (BC) is also a very important step which affect the reliability and accuracy of the hemodynamic assessment. The transient effects of physiological flow are well described by the Womersley profile, though its application might be difficult due to the complex nature of functions involved. Conversely, in literature, studies utilizing Plug or Parabolic profiles as inlet boundary conditions generally requires large entrance lengths to obtain the exact characteristics of the Womersley profile. In the current study, the differences arising between those boundary conditions, Womersley, Parabolic and Plug, with different entrance lengths, Lent = D, 3D and 11D, are examined by comparing the results with a Base condition, which is a solution obtained with ensured fully-developed flow before entering the aneurysm sac at two physiological flow conditions with mean Reynolds numbers, Rem = 340 and 1160. The results reveal that with increasing mean flow rate, applying the complex Womersley equation might not be necessary. For the inlet flow waveform with Rem = 1160, the Parabolic profile can be used instead of the Womersley profile by supplying an entrance length Lent = 3D. On the other hand, the Plug profile requires an entrance length at least Lent = 11D to replicate the Base condition for waveform with Rem = 340. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to understand the transformation of Ottoman State's education system of senior civil servant. Firstly, for this purpose, Enderun Mektebi (Palace School) that was the main institution of the Ottoman's Classical Era is examined. The modernization efforts that had started late 18th century was required new senior civil servants and many new institutions were opened. Mekteb-i Harbiye (Military Academy), Mekteb-i Tıbbiye (Medical School) and Mekteb-i Mülkiye (The Civil Service School) that educated main actors of Ottoman's Modernization Era are examined. In order to embody the explanations made at theoretical level, portraits of Sokollu Mehmet Pasha and İbrahim Hakkı Pasha are studied to represent both education system of senior civil servant. The main result of this transformation in terms of senior civil servant is replacing of loyalty source from Sultan to State as an institution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The invariance of wave equations in lossless media allows the time reversal (TR) technique to spatiotemporally refocus back-propagated signals in a given ultrawideband imaging scenario. However, the existence of dispersion and loss in the propagation medium breaks this invariance and the resultant TR focusing exhibits frequency and propagation duration dependent degradation. We propose an algorithm based on the continuous wavelet transform that tackles this degradation to improve focusing resolution under such conditions. The developed algorithm has been successfully applied to the scenario for localization of lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Akşemseddin was the most important figure with Fatih Sultan Mehmet in the context of İstanbul's Conquest. When the academic works are examined, it is possible to distunguish two different approaches about Akşemseddin. First approach has religous content and Akşemseddin is placed in a supernatural position that can not be perceived by mind. Therefore this approach is metaphsyhical rather than scientific. Second approcah is about history as a science and is evaluated Akşemseddin as a active figure in the context of military, political and administrative conflicts that was happened during the Conquest of İstanbul. In this work, it is aimed to examine Akşemseddin's role on the basis of second approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of the study is to examine professional burnout level of teachers working at special education schools. Relational screening model was used for the study. The study sample included 147 teachers from various geographical regions of Turkey. "Teacher Professional Burnout Inventory" was used in order to measure teachers' burnout level. Demographic data of the teachers was collected by means of personal data form designed by the study authors. Study findings show that professional burnout level of teachers working at special education schools is below moderate level while professional burnout differs significantly in terms of several variables including perceived economic status, colleague support, being appreciated by superiors and perceived fitness to working at special education. It was also found out that gender, working duration at special education and income satisfaction are not significantly related to professional burnout level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In microwave imaging applications, propagating signals undergo additional attenuation in dispersive and lossy media compared to the nondispersive and lossless media. In this communication, we introduce a threshold approach and short-time Fourier transform (STFT)-based inverse filters to compensate for such additional attenuation in time-reversal (TR)-based imaging algorithms. The method introduced here is utilized to reduce the unwanted noise amplification in the received signals during the compensation stage. Additionally, optimum settings for window type and length in the STFT method are obtained through a scanning operation in the propagation medium. Different window types and lengths are studied to achieve the best focusing resolution in TR applications. While utilizing a large number of windows with short spatial lengths provides an improved TR focusing performance, it also increases the overall cost and complexity of the imaging system. The threshold method introduced here achieves improved TR focusing performance without increasing the cost by utilizing a lower number of inverse filters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the effect of ground on aerodynamics and longitudinal static stability of a non-slender delta wing with sweep angle of 45 degree and thickness-to-chord ratio (t/c) of 5.9% was characterized at Reynolds number of 9 × 10 4 in a low-speed wind tunnel using force and pressure measurements. The measurements were conducted for angles of attack varying between 0 ≤ α ≤ 30 degrees and non-dimensional heights between 3 % ≤ h / c ≤ 107 % and height stability of the wing based on aerodynamic center in pitch (X a) and aerodynamic center in height (X h) was constructed. The results indicate that the effect of ground has substantial impact on both aerodynamic performance and stability of the delta wing. As the height of the wing decreases, both drag and lift forces increases where these effects were observed to be more pronounced for higher angles of attack. The maximum aerodynamic performance with increasing ground effect intensity was measured around 7 degree. Center of pressure (X p) as well as X a travel in a limited range over the wing chord, whereas X h exhibits back and forth movement on the longitudinal axis resulting in interchanging stability characteristics varying with both height and angle of attack. The pressure measurements showed that the effect of ground has significant and complex impact on both vortex reattachment and vortex strength with varying angles of attack and heights such that it might promote reattachment and increases vortex strength but might cause earlier stall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aims of this study were to determine various morphometric measurements of auricle, to investigate asymmetry and its relation with handedness in both sexes. Main morphometric measurements of both auricles and hand preferences were determined on 200 male and 200 female healthy university students. All measurements of the auricles were larger in males than the corresponding ones in females and all the differences except earlobe widths were statistically significant. All measurements of left and right auricles were statistically significantly different in both sexes except earlobe length in males, and distance from the highest point of the auricle to the bottom of the intertragic notch and earlobe length in females. Auricle length and distance from the highest point of the auricle to the bottom of the intertragic notch had higher values at the left side and all other measurements were larger at the right side. There was no significant difference between the measurements of the corresponding auricles of the righthanded and lefthanded subjects. All measurements were larger at the right side except auricle length and distance from the highest point of the auricle to the bottom of the intertragic notch in righthanded and lefthanded subjects and all differences except earlobe length were significantly different in righthanded subjects as in the total population but in lefthanded subjects the difference of the auricle width was not significant, either. There was an apparent asymmetry of right and left auricles of normal people in the current study which should be taken in to consideration in plastic surgeries of the external ear, designing the ear devices and forensic applications of earprints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, unsteady free convective heat transport of copper-water nanofluid within a square-shaped enclosure with the dominance of non-uniform horizontal periodic magnetic effect is investigated numerically. Various nanofluids are also used to investigate temperature performance. The Brownian movement of nano-sized particles is included in the present model. A sinusoidal function of the y coordinate is considered for the magnetic effect, which works as a non-uniform magnetic field. The left sidewall is warmed at a higher heat, whereas the right sidewall is cooled at a lower heat. The upper and bottom walls are insulated. For solving the governing non-linear partial differential equation, Galerkin weighted residual finite element method is devoted. Comparisons are made with previously published articles, and we found there to be excellent compliance. The influence of various physical parameters, namely, the volume fraction of nanoparticles, period of the non-uniform magnetic field, Rayleigh number, the shape and diameter of nanoparticles, and Hartmann number on the temperature transport and fluid flow are researched. The local and average Nusselt number is also calculated to investigate the impact of different parameters on the flow field. The results show the best performance of heat transport for the Fe3O4-water nanofluid than for other types of nanofluids. The heat transport rate increases 20.14% for Fe3O4-water nanofluid and 8.94% for TiO2-water nanofluid with 1% nanoparticles volume. The heat transportation rate enhances with additional nanoparticles into the base fluid whereas it decreases with the increase of Hartmann number and diameter of particles. A comparison study of uniform and non-uniform magnetic effects is performed, and a higher heat transfer rate is observed for a non-uniform magnetic effect compared to a uniform magnetic effect. Moreover, periods of magnetic effect and a nanoparticle's Brownian movement significantly impacts the temperature transport and fluid flow. The solution reaches unsteady state to steady state within a very short time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Navier–Stokes (NS) equations involving MHD effects with time-fractional derivatives are discussed in this paper. This paper investigates the local and global existence and uniqueness of the mild solution to the NS equations for the time fractional differential operator. In addition, we work on the regularity effects of such types of equations which are caused by MHD flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model with magneto hydro dynamics (MHD) is developed for a thin slab caster to investigate the effects of electromagnetic brake (EMBr) on liquid steel flow in continuous casting mold and to determine the EMBr practices which lead to optimal flow structure. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) tests in water model and meniscus flow measurements in real caster are performed to validate the predictions obtained with CFD models. The performance of different submerged entry nozzle designs, SEN 1 and SEN 2, are evaluated. The effects of nozzle submergence in relation to the applied magnetic field on mold flow structure are quantified. There are significant differences between flow structures obtained with SEN 1 and SEN 2, even though both designs have fundamental similarities and contain four ports. EMBr mainly reduces the meniscus velocities for SEN 2 as opposed to the foremost influence of EMBr for SEN 1 that is to significantly slow down the downward jet coming from the bottom ports. In addition, reducing the EMBr strength for shallow nozzle submergence and increasing the EMBr strength for deep nozzle submergence help to maintain similar meniscus activity for all conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Taxi drivers have the highest prevalence of work-related homicides and the underlying motive for most homicides is robbery. The objectives of this study were to reveal the features of robbery-related homicides of taxi drivers, to evaluate characteristics of murdered drivers and assailants, and to recommend preventive measures. Patients and Methods: We reviewed autopsy, crime investigation, security, and death records about robbery-related murders of taxi drivers in the cities İstanbul, Ankara, and İzmir in Turkey between 1996 and 2006. Results: There were 109 robbery-related murders of taxi drivers (all males; mean age 41.6±12 years). Most of the drivers were killed at night and in the evening (n=80, 90.9%; p<0.01) and in the suburbs (n=53, 52.48%; p<0.01). Firearms were the most frequently used weapons (n=60, 55.05%; p<0.01) and most of the fatal injuries were located on the head (n=61, 41.78%; p<0.01). Security measurements in taxicabs were not effective enough to prevent murders of taxi drivers. Conclusion: Safety of taxi drivers can be achieved by utilization of technological safety devices, but an effective solution to this problem is the restriction of civil armament. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Femtocells are low-power cellular base stations that operate in licensed spectrum. They are typically deployed indoors to improve coverage and provide excellent user experience, including high data rates. Cellular operators benefit from reduced infrastructure and operational expenses for capacity upgrades and coverage improvements. Femtocells also bring unique challenges, such as unplanned deployment, user installation, restricted access, and interoperability with existing handsets and network infrastructure. Although femtocells may cause some interference to other users in the network, with the use of proper interference management techniques, this can be well controlled. We present interference management techniques for both downlink and uplink of femtocells operating based on 3GPP Release 7 standards (also known as HSPA+). Femtocell carrier selection and femtocell DL Tx power self-calibration are proposed as key interference management methods for downlink. For uplink interference management, adaptive attenuation at the femtocell and limiting the Tx power of the femtocell users are proposed. Different interference models and their analysis are presented. In addition, coverage performance and capacity results are presented to quantify the benefits of femtocells. We demonstrate that in addition to coverage enhancements, significant capacity improvements are achieved on both downlink and uplink when femtocells are deployed in 3G UMTS/HSPA+ networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce time-reversal ultrawideband (UWB) imaging functionals based on the simultaneous utilization of spatial and UWB frequency data acquired by limited-aspect antenna arrays. The targets are discrete scatterers embedded in homogeneous or continuous random inhomogeneous media. Singular value decomposition is applied to space-frequency multistatic scattering data matrices indexed by sensor location and frequency data, and the resulting singular values and vectors are employed to construct time-domain excitation signals for UWB imaging of the embedded scatterer(s) via synthetic backpropagation (reverse migration). Spatial information needed for focusing on the embedded scatterer(s) is provided by either the left singular vectors or the eigenvectors of the space-space multistatic data matrices. The resulting UWB imaging functionals can yield statistical stability in random media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]