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A Microsoft® Visual Basic software, called WinFeldth, has been developed for plagioclase, alkali feldspar and liquid compositions that coexisting as two–feldspar, plagioclase–liquid and alkali feldspar–liquid pairs to calculate the temperature (T, °C) and water contents (H2O wt. %) of igneous rocks. The program allows the users to enter total of 39 input variables, including Sample No, SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, Cr2O3, FeOtot, MnO, NiO, MgO, CaO, BaO, Na2O, K2O (wt. %) for each plagioclase and alkali feldspar compositional data and Sample No, SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, Cr2O3, FeOtot, MnO, MgO, CaO, Na2O, K2O, P2O5, H2O (wt. %) for liquid compositions. Additionally, 10 input variables such as the mole fractions of XAbPF, XOrPF, XAnPF, XCnPF, XAbAF, XOrAF, XAnAF, XCnAF as well as pressure (P, kbar) and temperature (T, oC) can be entered to estimate two–feldspar thermometers on the basis of thermodynamic modelling of ternary solid solutions and pressure– and temperature–dependent equations, respectively. WinFeldth enables the users to enter and load multiple two–feldspar and liquid analyses in the program’s data entry section. Alternatively, the composition of analyses can be typed in a blank Excel file (i.e., WinPAL.xlsx), came up with an installation package, as in the above order and then loaded into the program’s data entry screen for data processing. Representative two–feldspar analyses are calculated based on 8 or optionally 32 oxygens by the program. WinFeldth evaluates eleven two–feldspar thermometers, nine two–feldspar thermometers based on the thermodynamic modelling of ternary solid solutions, six plagioclase–liquid thermometers, two alkali feldspar–liquid thermometers, five plagioclase–liquid hygrometers, one alkali feldspar–liquid hygrometer and plagioclase–liquid barometer. This program generates and stores all the calculated results in the Microsoft Excel file (i.e., Output.xlsx), which can be displayed and processed by any other software for further data presentation and graphing purposes. The compiled program code is distributed as a self–extracting setup file, including a help file (i.e., WinFeldth.chm), test data files and various graphic files for binary and ternary plots, which are intended to produce a high–quality printout., Periodico di Mineralogia, Vol. 91 No. 1 (2022)

Objective:In our study, we aimed to investigate the success of Platelett-rich fibrin matrix (PRFM) septorhinoplasty cartilage graft applications obtained from the patient's own blood easily and cheaply.Methods:Four patients who presented at the Otorhinolaryngology Clinic of AnkaraNumune Training and Research Hospital underwent open technical septorhinoplasty. Preoperative 10 cc venous blood was taken into two separate biochemistry tubes and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 12 minutes. PRFM was prepared. The cartilages taken from the septum were divided into 0.3-0.5 cm in average. Cartilages were divided into PRFM and dorsal irregularity and type were applied.Results:2 patients were implanted PRFM-wrapped cartilage graft to the type 2 region of the other 2 patients who were implanted in the dorsal region PRFM split cartilage graft.Conclusion:Although our findings were short-term in our study, considering the problems in other grafting methods used in routine, it can be a grafting method that can be used safely in PRFM-wrapped cartilage graft septorhinoplasty.

Vocal cord scarring is the most crucial obstacle in voice quality after surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of hyaluronic acid (HA)-collagen nanofibers on the healing of vocal cords after surgical trauma. Right vocal cords of 12 New Zealand white rabbits were traumatized, and the experimental group was received 1.08 mg/75 ml topical HA-collagen nanofiber (Gelfix® spray) for 3 days. Three animals in each group were sacrificed on the 7th day, and the remaining of the animals were sacrificed on the 21st day. The laryngeal specimens in the experimental and control groups were examined histopathologically. The 7th-day H&E staining evaluation revealed pink, dense, and thin collagen fibers. Besides, the collagen content was scattered and irregular in the experimental group. The 21st-day assessment showed that the collagen bundles in the granulation tissue were almost with the same formation in both of the groups. Masson Trichrome staining on the 7th day of the study showed that the collagen fiber bundles were less frequent in the control group than the experimental group. The 7th-day Van Gieson staining analysis showed that the pattern of reticular fibers was more regular with the parallel formation in the experimental group than the control group. HA-collagen nanofiber can be used in diseases that impair voice quality due to the thickening of the lamina propria layer in the vocal cord and impaired viscoelasticity due to fibrosis after tissue trauma.

Objective MESNA (Sodium-2-mercaptoethanesulfonate) is a mucolytic substance that is used for chemically assisted tissue dissection in various surgical operations. The aim of this study was to address the issue of possible neurotoxicity from topical administration of MESNA solution on the facial nerve. We used different concentrations of MESNA solution and evaluated their effects on facial nerve by histopathological and functional analysis. Materials and methods These groups were the saline administered group (control) (3 rats, 6 facial nerves), the 25% MESNA solution group (3 rats, 6 facial nerves), and the 100% MESNA solution group (3 rats, 6 facial nerves). Under general anesthesia (ketamine 150 mg/kg, xylocaine 4 mg/kg), the bilateral facial nerves of rats were dissected. The saline, 25% MESNA, and 100% MESNA solutions. Facial nerve functions of the rats were evaluated using mustachewhisker and blink reflex scores at day 20 days. On day 20, the rats were sacrificed and the buccal and marginal mandibular branches of the facial nerve were removed. The specimens were examined in terms of inflammation, granulation tissue, and foreign body reaction formation around the nerve. The functional and histopathological changes on facial nerves were compared between groups. Results Mustache and blink reflex scores of the rats were 5 (normal) in both the control and study groups. There were no statistically significant differences between the three groups in terms of facial nerve functions (p=1.00). On histopathologic examination, the 25% and 100% MESNA groups had significantly more inflammation compared with the control group (p=0.038 and p=0.007, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences between the 25% and 100% MESNA groups in term of inflammation (p > 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the three groups in terms of foreign body reaction formation (p > 0.05). Conclusion Topical administration of MESNA solution onto the facial nerve causes increased inflammation in both the 25% and 100% concentrations. Nevertheless, it does not cause any facial nerve dysfunction.

factPresentation Incomplete partition (IP) type III anomaly (X-linked deformity, IP type III) is a rare malformation of the inner ear. In these patients, cochlear implant surgery can be performed successfully. In this case report, we discussed the problems regarding cochlear implantation in patients with IP type III anomaly and profound sensorineural hearing loss. Cochlear implantation is a good choice for these patients. However, IP type III anomaly may pose some unusual risks in addition to other inner ear abnormalities. Therefore, the surgeon should be aware of these and must be ready to inform the patient and parents about possible complications. İnkomplet partisyon (İP) tip III anomalisi (X-bağımlı deformite, İP tip III) iç kulağın nadir bir malformasyonudur. Bu hastalarda koklear implant cerrahisi başarıyla uygulanabilir. Bu olgu sunumunda, İP tip III anomalisi ve şiddetli sensörinöral işitme kaybı olan hastalarda koklear implantasyon ile ilgili problemler tartışıldı. Koklear implantasyon bu hastalar için iyi bir tercihtir. Ancak İP tip III anomalisi diğer iç kulak anormalliklerine ek olarak bazı olağandışı riskler oluşturabilir. Dolayısıyla, cerrah bunları bilmeli ve hastayı ve ebeveynleri olası komplikasyonlar hakkında bilgilendirmeye hazır olmalıdır.

Purpose To compare the performance of Spongostan, Otopore, Spongostan soaked with dexamethasone and Spongostan soaked with Hyaluronic acid (HA) as middle ear packing material after mucosal trauma. Methods Twenty rats were divided into 4 groups. In control group (group 1), the middle ear cavities of animals were bilaterally packed with Spongostan; in group 2, with Otopore; in group 3, with Spongostan soaked with dexamethasone; and in group 4, with Spongostan soaked with HA. Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were performed preoperatively and 1 and 6 weeks postoperatively. Histological analyses were performed to evaluate the inflammatory reaction and wound healing in the middle ear cavity. Results ABR recordings demonstrate that threshold level changes from baseline were minor in Otopore and Spongostan soaked with dexamethasone packed ears. Threshold levels were higher in the Spongostan and Spongostan soaked with HA packed ears compared with both Otopore and Spongostan soaked with dexamethasone packed ears. Histological analyses showed that Spongostan caused inflammation more intense than Otopore and Spongostan soaked with dexamethasone. Residual material at postoperative week 6, new bone formation and adhesion were common in the Spongostan group compared with other groups. Fibrosis was more common in Spongostan group compared with other groups but the difference was not significant. Conclusion Otopore appears to be safe and effective for use in otologic surgery. The inflammation, adhesion and new bone formation decreased when Spongostan was used with steroid or HA, when compared to Spongostan alone.

Objective An adequate evaluation combined with an easily accessible test would be a useful way to direct the appropriate patients to sleep centers in circumstances with a limited opportunity for polysomnography (PSG). For this reason, it is necessary to use a screening method prior to PSG evaluation. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the use of body mass index (BMI) and pulse oximetry is sufficient to predict the severity of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) without PSG. Methods A total of 956 patients who were admitted to a tertiary referral center with complaints of witnessed apnea, excessive daytime sleepiness, and previously performed PSG were included in the study. Data of PSG (included pulse oximetry) and BMI were investigated for the determination of cut-off points for parameters in the patients. Results Based on the presence of severe OSAS, the cut-off points were ≥31.7 kg/m2 for BMI

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between sleep-disordered breathing with gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) using a two-channel triple-sensor pHmetry catheter. Methods: The study was carried out on a total of 34 people with complaints of snoring, witnessed apnea and daytime sleepiness. 24-h pH monitoring with a two-channel, triple-sensor antimony pH catheter was applied to individuals simultaneously with polysomnography (PSG) on the day they would sleep in the sleep laboratory. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) severity and reflux grade were compared with each other. Data obtained from PSG and pHmetry results were numerically compared with each other. The relationship between apnea, hypopnea, and arousal periods and reflux episodes was then examined by overlaying pHmetry graphics for each patient. Results: A total of 34 individuals (18 males—52.9% and 16 females—47.1%), age ranging from 27 to 71 years (mean 50.5 ± 11.0) participated in the study. GER was detected in 52.9% and LPR in 85.3% of the patients. In 35.3% of cases, pathologic GER was not observed despite LPR detection. No statistically significant relationship was found between the numerical values of apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) and arousal numbers and reflux parameters of individuals and between OSAS severity and LPR and GER (p > 0.05). There was no statistically significant correlation between respiratory events and reflux episodes with regard to timing (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of GER and LPR is found to be high in patients with sleep-disordered breathing. There is no significant relationship between OSAS severity and GER and LPR grade or respiratory events and reflux episodes with regard to timing. © 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

Amaç:Çalışmamızda inkus uzun kolu defektlerinin onarımında iyonomerik kemik çimentosu (İKÇ) ve inkus interpozisyon (İİ) kullanılan hastaları, işitme sonuçları ve greft başarısı açısından karşılaştırmayı amaçladık.Yöntem: Bu retrospektif çalışmaya kemik zincir de stapes suprastrukturu normal olup inkus uzun kolu defektif olan ve kemikçik zincir rekonstrüksiyonu yapılan 53 hasta dahil edildi. Hastalar kemikçik zincir onarım tekniğine göre, İİ kullanılanlar (Grup 1) ve İKÇ kullanılanlar (Grup 2) olarak iki gruba ayrıldı. Gruplar yaş, cinsiyet, greft başarı oranı, hava saf ses eşikleri değerleri ve hava-kemik aralığı (HKA) açısından karşılaştırıldı.Bulgular: Her iki grup da operasyon sonrası hava saf ses eşiklerindeki ve preoperatif döneme göre postoperatif HKA değerlerindeki düzelme istatiksel olarak ileri derecede anlamlıydı (p=0.001; p0,05).Sonuç:İnkus uzun kolu defekti olan hastalarda kemikçik zincir onarımı amacıyla kullanılan İKÇ ve İİ etkili yöntemlerdir ve birbiri üzerine belirgin bir üstünlükleri yoktur.

Background The effect of division of the stapedial tendon on susceptibility to noise-induced inner ear damage has not been previously studied. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of noise exposure following division of the stapedial tendon in guinea pigs. Material and methods Ten adult albino guinea pigs were used. The stapedial tendon of each right ear was cut. The stapedial tendon in each left ear was left intact and these ears served as a control group. DPOAEs and ABR tests were performed before and 10 days after noise exposure. The animals were exposed to a 110-dB noise stimulus for 6 h in a silent room a week after surgery. Cochleas of the animals were removed, and inner and outer hair cells were examined under a light microscope. Results We found that noise exposure adversely affected DPOAE measurements at all frequencies except 2 KHz in experimental ears. Noise exposure also produced significantly elevated ABR thresholds in experimental ears at 2, 4, 8, and 16 KHz. On histopathological examination, we found a significantly greater prevalence of apoptotic cells in the experimental ears. Conclusions Based on these findings, we can conclude that after division of the stapedial tendon, noise exposure may cause damage to the inner ear. This is the first study in the English literature that demonstrates the potential protective effect of the stapedial tendon against acoustic damage.

Amac: Spesifik alerjenlerin spesifik semptomlari tetikleyip tetiklemedigini, semptomlari ve semptomlarin siddet derecesini alerjik rinitin suresindeki artisla kosut olarak degisip degistirmedigini belirlemek. Yontem: Bu calisma hasta veri formlarinin retrospektif taranmasi yoluyla KBB-Alerji Unitesine alerjik semptomlarla gelen ve hasta oykusu, muayene, prick testi veya serum spesifik IgE sonuclarina dayanarak alerjik rinit tanisi konan hastalarda uygulandi. Bulgular: Calismaya toplam 235 hasta alindi. Burun ve geniz akintisi agac alerjilerinde anlamli derecede daha az, ot alerjilerinde ise gozlerde kasinti ve sulanma daha sik goruldu. Gozlerde kizariklik yabani ot alerjisinde anlamli derecede daha azdi. Hayvan sac ve epitel dokuntulerine karsi alerjide burun akintisi anlamli derecede daha dusuk oranda goruldu. Ev tozu-akar alerjilerinde aksirik, gozlerde kasinti ve sulanma anlamli derecede daha seyrek, hipozmi ise daha sik gozlendi. Alerji suresinin semptomlarin sikligiyla karsilastirmasi, mevsimsel alerjik rinitte, alerjik rinitin suresiyle paralel bir bicimde, hipozmi ve gozlerde kizariklikta semptomlarinda istatistiksel acidan anlamli artis oldugunu gosterdi. Sonuc: Alerjen(ler)e karsi yoneltilen ve alerjik rinitin suresini kisaltan spesifik semptomatik tedavilerin alerjik rinit tedavisinde bir firsat oldugunu, semptomlarin ve dolayisiyla hastalarin yasam kalitesinin daha iyi kontrol edilmesi sayesinde olumlu sonuclar verecegini dusunmekteyiz.

Objective: To describe Killian nasal speculum-assisted tonsillectomy under local anesthesia in detail and to question the experience of our patients with this surgical procedure. Material and Methods: Group 1 included patients that underwent Killian nasal speculum-assisted tonsillectomy under local anesthesia (n=44) and Group 2 those who underwent classical cold dissection tonsillectomy under general anesthesia (n=28). Results: Among the patients in Group 1, 59.1% (26/44) reported mild, 27.3% (12/44) moderate, and 13.6% (6/44) excessive levels of anxiety preoperatively. All patients in Group 1 reported that they felt safe during surgery; 84.1% (37/44) reported that the surgery was easier than they had anticipated, whereas 15.9% (7/44) reported it was more difficult than anticipated. Duration of surgery in Groups 1 and 2 was 22.7 ± 7.0 minutes and 63.7 ± 16.3 minutes, respectively (p

Tedaviye yanıt vermeyen astımı taklit eden semptomları olan 21 yaşında bayan hasta sunulmaktadır. Hastada akım volüm halkasında inspiratuvar ve ekspiratuvar eğrilerde karakteristik plato izlenmesi üzerine sabit üst havayolu obstrüksiyonundan şüphelenildi. Yapılan ileri tetkikler ile hastada konjenital subglottik stenoz olduğu ve astım tanısının yanlışlığı ortaya konuldu. Bu vaka ile tedaviye yanıt vermeyen astımlı hastalarda akım volüm halkasının kritik öneme sahip olduğu vurgulanmıştır., We report a 21-year old female patient with symptoms mimicking asthma unresolved with pharmacotherapy. With the flow-volume loop representing characteristic plateau in the inspiratory and expiratory curves she was suspected to have fixed upper airway obstruction. Further examinations in this setting revealed that she was misdiagnosed as asthma, though she had congenital subglottic stenosis. With this case it is emphasized that flow-volume loops are critically important in asthma patients refractory to treatment.