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Bu çalışma, Mayıs 2013tarihinde Konya’da kontrollü sera şartlarında sodyum klorür tuzluluğununkaplanmış ve kaplanmamış yonca tohumları çimlenmesi üzerine etkisininaraştırılması amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Saksı denemesi olarak kurulan deneme,tuzluluk ana muamele, kaplanmış ve kaplanmamış yonca tohumları alt muameleolarak bölünmüş parsel deneme planına göre tasarlanmıştır. Saksılar musluk suyu(0.3 dS m-1) veya elektriksel iletkenlikleri 3.0, 6.0 ve 9.0 dS m-1olan tuzlu sular ile sulanmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda, tuzluluğunçimlenmenin başlangıç aşamasında tohumların çimlenmesini önemli derecedeetkilediği, kaplanmış ve kaplanmamış tohumlarda, toplam çimlenme yüzdesinin,3.0 dS m-1 değerinden daha yüksek tuzluluk seviyeleri hariç olmaküzere %79’un üzerinde olduğu, 3.0 dS m-1 değerinden daha yükseksulama suyu tuzluluk değerlerinde çimlenmenin istatistiki olarak farklı olduğu,en yüksek çimlenme oran indeksi (%14.29), çimlenme indeksi (998.75), veçimlenme hızı katsayı (16.97) değerlerinin musluk suyu ile sulanan kaplanmıştohumlardan, en düşük çimlenme oran indeksi (%1.79), çimlenme indeksi (138.75)ve çimlenme hızı katsayısı (12.57) değerlerinin ise elektriksel iletkenliği 12.0 dS m-1 olansuyla sulanan kaplanmamış tohumlardan elde edildiği tespit edilmiştir. Erkençimlenme değerlerinin düşük ortalama çimlenme zamanı (MGT) ve %50 çimlenmezamanı (T50) değerlerinin elde edildiği kaplanmış tohumlarda görüldüğübulunmuştur., In this study, apod experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of sodium chloride salinityon germination of coated and uncoated seeds of alfalfa seeds under controlledgreenhouse conditions at Konya in May 2013. The experimental design was a split-split plot with salinitytreatments as main plots, coated and uncoated seeds subplots. Pots were irrigated with tap water (0.3 dS m-1)or (3.0, 6.0 or 9.0 dS m-1). As result of study, seed germinationwas significantly affected by irrigation water salinity at the initial stage ofgermination. For coated and uncoated seed, the final seed germination exceeded79.00% except at the salt concentrations higher than 3.0 dSm-1 wheregermination percentage statically decreased down. The highestgermination rate index (GRI, 14.29%), germination index (GI, 998.75), andcoefficient of velocity of germination (CVG, 16.97) values were obtained fromthe coated seeds irrigated with the tap water while the lowest GRI (1.79%), GI(138.75), and CVG (12.57) values were obtained from the uncoated seedsirrigated with salt concentration of electrical conductivity (EC) of 12.0 dS m-1. Earliergerminations were recorded for coated seeds as indicated by lower value of meangermination time (MGT) and time of 50%germination (T50).

This study was conducted to determine the energy requirement of sprinkler irrigation established in different crops in Konya-Çumra irrigation district. The properties such as water resource, pumping unit, systems equipments, operation pressure, sprinkler’s spacing of the sprinkler systems were investigated and determined with regards to crops. The results showed that sprinkler irrigation systems operated and planned in five different-forms when considered their water resources and pumping units. The research was conducted on totally 69 sprinkler systems. In study, diesel fuel or electric energy, equipment manufacture energy and labour energy consumption of the sprinkler systems were determined. According to results; in sprinkler irrigation systems induced moto-pomp, the annual energy consumptions of per unit area (1 ha) for diesel fuel, equipment energy and labour energy were found as 14107, 923 and 44 MJ ha-1 year-1 on average, respectively. In centrifugal pumping systems induced by power take-off shaft, these values were computed to be 21458, 3700 and 41 MJ ha-1 year-1, respectively. In vertical axle pump system induced by power take-off shaft, the annual energy consumptions of per unit area (1 ha) for diesel fuel, equipment energy and labour energy were computed as 35748, 3873 and 40 MJ ha-1 year-1. In vertical axle pump induced by electric motor, this values were calculated to be 35491, 1164 and 42 MJ ha-1 year-1 and in submersible pumping systems this values were computed as 38850, 1321 and 37 MJ ha-1 year-1, respectively, Bu çalışma, farklı bitkilerde, yağmurlama sulamanın enerji tüketimine tespit etmek amacıyla Konya-Çumra sulama şebekesi alanında yürütülmüştür. Bölgede uygulanan yağmurlama sistemlerinin su kaynağı, basınç kaynağı, sistem elemanları, işletme basınçları, başlık tertip esasları gibi özellikleri yerinde inceleme ve gözlemler yapılmak suretiyle belirlenmiştir. Su kaynağı ve basınç kaynağı dikkate alındığında beş farklı yağmurlama sisteminin planlanıp işletildiği tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma bu beş grup dikkate alınarak toplam 69 yağmurlama tesisi üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada, sistemlerin dizel yakıt veya elektrik enerjisi, ekipman üretim enerjisi ve işgücü enerji tüketimi belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; yüzey su kaynaklarından sulama yapan yağmurlama sistemlerinde birim alana yıllık enerji tüketimi; dizel veya elektrik enerjisi, ekipman üretim enerjisi ve insan işgücü enerjisi olarak sırasıyla motopomplu sistemlerde; ortalama 14107, 923 ve 44 MJ ha-1 yıl-1, kuyruk mili ile tahrik edilen santrifüj pompalı sistemlerde; 21458, 3700 ve 41 MJ ha-1 yıl-1 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Aynı değerler yeraltı su kaynaklarından sulama yapan yağmurlama sistemlerinden kuyruk mili ile tahrik edilen düşey milli pompalı sistemlerde; 35748, 3873 ve 40 MJ ha-1 yıl-1, elektrik motoru ile tahrik edilen düşey milli pompalı sistemlerde; 35491, 1164 ve 42 MJ ha-1 yıl-1, dalgıç pompalı sistemlerde ise 38850, 1321 ve 37 MJ ha-1 yıl-1 olarak hesaplanmıştır.

In this study, the effects of sprinkler and drip irrigation methods on salt distributions within soil profile were researched. The irrigation interval for each irrigation methods was 7 (seven) days and water content of soil was replenished to the field capacity in each irrigation (FC). The irrigation content of soil was measured by Δt Profile Probe moisture meter. As a result, when initial and final soil salinity values soil depth compared, it was observed that the soil salinity decreased 40.8% on sprinkler irrigation and 29.5% on drip irrigation method at depth of 0 -30 cm, 26.3% on sprinkler irrigation method and 25.5% on drip irrigation method at depth of 30 – 60 cm whereas the soil salinity increased 58.8% on sprinkler irrigation method and 56.2% on drip irrigation method at depth of 60 -90 cm, 54.6% on sprinkler irrigation method and 31.8% on drip irrigation method at depth of 90 -120 cm.

Yapılan bu çalışmada, Konya Ovası' nda, yağmurlama, karık ve damla sulama yöntemlerinin, patatesin verim ve kalite özellikleri ile su ve enerji kullanımına etkileri araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca, damla sulama yönteminde iki farklı lateral aralığı (70 cm ve 140 cm) ve iki farklı ıslatılan alan yüzdesinin (% 100 ve % 75) patatesin verim ve verim unsurları üzerine etkileri de incelenmiştir. Araştırma, 2008 ve 2009 yıllarında, Konya Şeker A.Ş' nin Alakova' daki deneme arazisinde yürütülmüştür. Bölge koşullarında, her iki deneme yılının ortalaması dikkate alındığında, patates bitkisinin yetiştirme dönemleri içinde gerçekleşen mevsimlik bitki su tüketimi ortalama 670.23 mm ile yağmurlama sulama yönteminde en yüksek olmuştur. Bu değer karık sulama yönteminde 618.30 mm, damla sulama yönteminde ise 572.17 mm olarak bulunmuştur. Mevsimlik bitki su tüketimi damla sulama yöntemine kıyasla, yağmurlama ve karık sulama yöntemlerinde sırasıyla % 17.1 ve % 8.1 daha fazla gerçekleşmiştir. Yağmurlama, karık ve damla sulama yöntemleri arasında, toplam yumru verimi, bitki başına yumru sayısı, yumru çapı, yumru boyu, yumru kuru madde oranı, yumru nişasta oranı ve yumru protein oranı açısından istatistiki olarak % 1 ve % 5 önem seviyesinde bir fark bulunmazken, tek yumru ağırlığı ve pazarlanabilir yumru veriminde % 5 seviyesinde fark bulunmuştur. Pazarlanabilir yumru verimi, damla sulama yönteminde yağmurlama yöntemine göre % 11.5, karık yöntemine göre % 5 daha fazladır. Sulama suyu ve su kullanım etkinliği her iki deneme yılında da en yüksek damla yönteminde, en düşük yağmurlama yönteminde elde edilmiş olup, bu değerler damla yönteminde sırasıyla ortalama 8.32 kg/m3 ve 7.51 kg/m3, yağmurlama yönteminde ise sırasıyla ortalama 6.09 kg/m3 ve 5.76 kg/m3 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Birim alana enerji tüketimi damla yöntemine kıyasla, yağmurlama yönteminde % 22.8 daha fazla olmuştur. Yağmurlama ve damla sulama yöntemleri ile birim alanın sulanması için, yerüstü su kaynaklarına göre yer altı su kaynakları ile sulamada doğrudan enerji tüketimi % 30 daha fazladır. Damla sulama yönteminde, farklı lateral aralığı ve ıslatılan alan yüzdesinin uygulandığı deneme konularında mevsimlik bitki su tüketimi konulara bağlı olarak 454.38 (lateral aralığı 140 cm, ıslatılan alan yüzdesi % 75) ile 572.17 (lateral aralığı 70 cm, ıslatılan alan yüzdesi % 100) mm arasında değişmiştir. Farklı lateral aralığı uygulaması daha çok yumru verimi, tek yumru ağırlığı, bitki başına yumru sayısı, yumru çapı, yumru boyu, pazarlanabilir yumru verimi gibi patatesin fiziksel kalite unsurları üzerine etkili olurken, ıslatılan alan yüzdesi uygulaması ise yumru nişasta ve protein oranı gibi kimyasal kalite parametreleri üzerinde istatistiki açıdan etkili olmuştur. Damla sulamada farklı lateral aralığı ve ıslatılan alan yüzdelerinin uygulandığı deneme konularında, sulama suyu kullanım etkinliği 8.32 - 4.90 kg/m3, su kullanım etkinliği 7.51- 5.44 kg/m3 arasında değişmiştir., In this study, the effects of different irrigation methods on yield and yield components of potato and water use, energy consumptions of methods were investigated. The methods which were used in this study were sprinkler, furrow and drip irrigation. In drip irrigation, the effects of two different lateral spacing (70 cm and 140 cm) and two different wetted area percentage (100% and 75%) on yield and yield components of potato were also investigated. The study was conducted in Konya Şeker Corporation?s experimental fields during the growth season of 2008 and 2009 on Alakova-Konya. The highest seasonal evapotranspiration through potato growth seasons was obtained from sprinkler irrigated plots with 670.23 mm when considering two years averages. The seasonal evapotranspirations were calculated as 618.30 mm and 572.17 mm in furrow irrigation and drip irrigation methods, respectively. Seasonal evapotranspirations were found 17.1% and 8.1% higher in sprinkler irrigation and furrow irrigation regarding to drip irrigation respectively. It was found no significant differences on total tuber yield, number of tuber per plant, tuber diameter, tuber size, tuber dry mater ratio, tuber starch ratio and tuber protein ratio between sprinkler, furrow and drip irrigation methods statistically. But it was found significant relations between individual tuber weight, marketable tuber yield and irrigation methods at %5 level. Marketable tuber yield was found 11.5% and 5.0% higher in sprinkler and furrow irrigation than drip irrigation respectively. The highest water use efficiency (WUE) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) were obtained with drip irrigation plots while the lowest were obtained from sprinkler irrigation plots for both years. Mean WUE and IWUE was calculated as 8.32 kg/m3 and 7.51 kg/m3 in drip irrigation and 6.09 kg/m3 and 5.76 kg/m3 in sprinkler irrigation respectively. The energy consumption for per unit area was found 22.8% higher in sprinkler irrigation than drip irrigation. It was found that 30% higher energy were consumed in plots irrigated from groundwater resources than the plots irrigated from underground water resources for both drip and sprinkle irrigation methods. Seasonal evapotranspiratios were ranged between 454.38 mm and 572.17 mm in the drip irrigated plots where different lateral spacing and wetted area percentage were applied depending on the treatments. It was found that the different lateral spacing had effected physical quality parameters such as tuber yield, individual tuber yield, number of tuber per plant, tuber diameter, tuber size, marketable tuber yield and wetted area percentage had effected chemical quality parameters such as tuber starch ratio and tuber protein ratio statistically. IWUE and WUE were ranged between 8.32 - 4.90 kg/m3 and 7.51- 5.44 kg/m3 respectively in the drip irrigated plots where different lateral spacing and wetted area percentage were applied.

Bu çalışma yağmurlama sulama yöntemi ile sulamanın enerji tüketimini tespit etmek amacıyla Konya-Çumra sulama şebekesi alanında yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla bölgede uygulanan yağmurlama sistemlerinin su kaynağı, basınç kaynağı, sistem elemanları, işletme basınçları, başlık tertip esasları gibi özellikleri yerinde inceleme ve gözlemler yapılmak suretiyle belirlenmiştir. Su kaynağı ve basınç kaynağı dikkate alındığında beş farklı yağmurlama sisteminin planlanıp işletildiği tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma bu beş grup dikkate alınarak toplam 69 yağmurlama tesisi üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada, sistemlerin dizel yakıt veya elektrik enerjisi, ekipman üretim enerjisi ve işgücü enerji tüketimi belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; yüzey su kaynaklarından sulama yapan yağmurlama sistemlerinde birim alana yıllık enerji tüketimi; dizel veya elektrik enerjisi, ekipman üretim enerjisi ve insan işgücü enerjisi olarak sırasıyla motopomplu sistemlerde ortalama 14107, 923 ve 44 MJ/ha-yıl, kuyruk mili ile tahrik edilen santrifüj pompalı sistemlerde 21458, 3700 ve 41 MJ/ha-yıl olarak hesaplanmıştır. Aynı değerler yer altı su kaynaklarından sulama yapan yağmurlama sistemlerinden kuyruk mili ile tahrik edilen düşey milli pompalı sistemlerde; 35748, 3873 ve 40 MJ/ha-yıl, elektrik motoru ile tahrik edilen düşey milli pompalı sistemlerde; 35491, 1164 ve 42 MJ/ha-yıl, dalgıç pompalı sistemlerde ise 47152, 1321 ve 37 MJ/ha-yıl olarak hesaplanmıştır., This study was conducted to determine the energy requirement of sprinkler irrigation in Konya-Çumra irrigation district. The properties such as water resource, pumping unit, systems equipments, operation pressure, sprinkler?s spacing of the sprinkler systems were investigated and determined. The results showed that sprinkler irrigation systems operated and planned in five different form when considered their water resources and pumping units. The research was conducted on totally 69 sprinkler system by taking into account this case. In study, diesel fuel or electricity energy, equipment manufacture energy and labour energy consumption of the sprinkler systems were determined. According to results obtained; in sprinkler irrigation systems induced motopomp, the annual energy consumptions of per unit area (1 ha) for diesel fuel, equipment energy and labour energy were found as 14107, 923 and 44 MJ/ha-year on average, respectively. In centrifugal pumping systems induced by pto, this values were computed to be 21458, 3700 and 41 MJ/ha-year, respectively. In other type (Düşey milli pompa) system induced by pto, the annual energy consumptions of per unit area (1 ha) for diesel fuel, equipment energy and labour energy were computed as 35748, 3873 and 40 MJ/ha-year. In vertical axle pump induced by electric motor, this values were calculated to be 35941, 1164 and 42 MJ/ha-year and in submersible pumping systems this values were computed as 47152, 1321 and 37 MJ/ha -year, respectively.

WOS: 000494707100005, Sustainability of plant production activities and improvement of irrigated lands in arid and semi-arid regions totally depend on efficient use of available water resources. Such an efficient use of water resources can be provided through assessment of water-yield relationships and identification of proper irrigation programs, schedules, and operational principles. There are no studies carried out to determine water-yield relations of oleic-type sunflower plants grown over large areas in Konya plain. In this study, different irrigation intervals (S) and crop-pan coefficients (Kcp) were used in drip irrigation of sunflower plants in Konya which is located at the Middle Anatolia in Turkey. The primary objective was to determine the effects of irrigation levels and intervals on yield and quality parameters of sunflower plants. Experiments were conducted in 2013-2014 growing seasons in 3 x 5 factorial design with 4 replications. Three different irrigation intervals (S-5:5, S-10:10, and S-15:15-day) and five different crop-pan coefficients (Kcp(1.25):125% of pan evaporation, Kcp(1.00):100% of pan evaporation, Kcp(0.75):75% of pan evaporation, Kcp(0.50):50% of pan evaporation, and Kcp(0.00):rain-fed without irrigation) were used in this study. In an average of 2 years, the greatest seed yield (5481 kg/ha) was obtained from S(10)Kcp(1.25) with the greatest water consumption (748.7 mm). As compared with S(10)Kcp(1.25) treatment, about 25% decrease was observed in yield of Kcp(0.75) treatments irrigated at 5- and 10-day intervals. Such a decrease was identified as 15% in Kcp(1.00) treatments irrigated at 15-day intervals. Therefore, for optimum seed yields from sunflower plants grown in Konya plain, irrigation intervals should not exceed 10 days. Also, crop-pan coefficient should be taken as 1.00 for high seed yields. Again, in an average of 2 years, irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) of the treatments varied between 0.70 and 3.70 kg/m(3) and water use efficiency (WUE) values varied between 0.53 and 0.75 kg/m(3). The average yield response factor (k(y)) was identified as 1.14. Since the value is greater than 1, it was concluded that sunflower plants were sensitive to water deficits under Konya conditions., Selcuk University BAP officeSelcuk University [13101014], This work was supported by the project of "13101014" by Selcuk University BAP office and is part of Nurcan Yavuz's doctoral thesis.

WOS: 000472698600016, Climate change-associated drought stress in plants is one of the major environmental factors that cause a reduction in plant growth, development, and productivity. Therefore, an improvement to obtain superior genotypes that are highly adaptable to arid and semi-arid conditions remains the main objective of the future breeding efforts. In this context, the present study was conducted to determine the genotypic differences among 16 inbred lines and 4 commercial cultivars of pumpkin associated with the parameters such as certain fruit characteristics, seed yield, and seed quality in irrigated and drought conditions. In the growing season of pumpkin, the amount of irrigation water applied was 402.6 mm in 2017 and 425.4 mm in 2018. In all the evaluated parameters, the examined genotypes exhibited a wide range of significant differences between the irrigated and drought conditions in both the years. Moreover, a significant positive correlation was observed between seed yield and fruit number, seed-thickness and plant height, and 1000-seed weight and seed size. In terms of seed quality, 1000-seed weight was determined to be a prominent parameter. The results of the present study demonstrated that these relationships imply a significant potential for the selection of genotypes with superior performance in both conditions. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA), performed considering the Eigenvalues, indicated that the yield and quality components could be explained strongly by the PCA analysis in irrigated as well as in drought conditions. Finally, the inbred line G9 was observed to be the most superior genotype in terms of yield and fruit number in both irrigation and drought conditions; therefore, this inbred line is envisaged to be evaluated in future breeding studies and to be included in future hybrid programs in order to develop drought-tolerant cultivars., 18401001, This work was supported by the project of "18401001" by S.U-BAP office and is part of Musa SEYMEN's doctoral thesis.