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Content words contribute the meaning in sentences and comic is used to provide information, consolation, and education. The purpose of this study is to find out the types of content words and the use of content words in the dialogue of comic Teasing Master (former) Takagi-san. A total of 26 dialogues were extracted from 14th chapter in comic Teasing Master (former) Takagi-san. The method used in this study is lexical semantic approach and data collection method is documentation. The first result show for the types of content such as Verb (21) and Noun (18) are the most dominant content words, followed by Adverb (12) and Adjective (6). The second result show for the use of content words such as Noun: Subject (3), Object (10), Interjection (3), Gerund (1), Idiom (1). Verb: Simple Present (11), Progressive tense (4), Simple Past (2), Present Perfect (2), Past Perfect (1), Past Future Perfect (1). Adverb: Modify verb (7), Modify Sentence (2), Modify Adjective (3). Adjective: describe the quality of subject (3),Describe object (3). This research will be helpful for other researcher whoever will make study about semantic especially in content words.

Asam organik adalah asam yang berasal dari bahan-bahan organik sehingga pemakaiannya relatif tidak berbahaya bagi ternak, pekerja kandang dan lingkungan sekitar. Suplementasi ransum dengan senyawa asam organik tidak hanya menurunkan pH saluran pencernaan tetapi juga berpengaruh positif terhadap kecernaan protein dan penurunan kadar bakteri pathogen.. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suplementasi asam organik dalam ransum mengandung Bungkil Inti Sawit (BIS) terhadap konsumsi ransum, konsumsi protein, protein efisiensi ratio (PER), dan retensi Nitrogen pada ayam broiler. Sebanyak 160 ekor DOC Strain Cobb digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diterapkan adalah R0 (Ransum dasar), R1 (Ransum dasar + Asam Organik 0,5%, R2 (Ransum dasar + BIS 15%), R3 (Ransum + BIS 15% + Asam Organik 0,5 %). Peubah yang diamati yaitu konsumsi ransum, konsumsi protein, PER dan retensi Nitrogen. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam (ANOVA), jika berpengaruh nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji jarak berganda Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Suplementasi asam organik dalam ransum yang mengandung BIS berpengaruh nyata (P0.05) terhadap retensi nitrogen. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa suplementasi asam organik dalam ransum mengandung BIS mampu meningkatkan konsumsi ransum, konsumsi protein, dan PER namun belum mampu meningkatkan retensi Nitrogen

Polysaccharides contain mannan (PM) from palm kernel meal (PKM) potential as leader pathogen microorganism and enhancing the immune responses. The objective of the study was to evaluate efficacy of PM as oral adjuvant in increasing AI H5N1 antibody titer and immunoglobulin A (IgA) in serum of broiler thirty chickens age 1 - 6 weeks were divided onto five groups and assigned randomly to five vaccine treatments i.e : un-vaccinated birds (R0A), birds vaccinated with antigen H5N1 + 0 µg PM (R0B), birds vaccinated with antigen H5N1 + 50 µg PM (R1), birds vaccinated with antigen H5N1 + 100 µg PM (R2) and birds vaccinated with antigen H5N1 + 200 µg PM (R3). The results showed the treatment did not reduce broiler body weight (PM is not toxic). AI H5N1 antibody titer increased significantly (P0.05) one week after the first vaccination, serum IgA of broiler also increased significantly (P0.05) two weeks after the second vaccination. R3 treatment (200 μg PM) produce higher HI antibody titer ≤ 5 log2 and serum IgA 1.6 fold higher compared with those of broiler received R0A and R0B. It can be concluded that PM can increase the immune response in broiler chickens and can be used as an adjuvant for inactive AI vaccine.

The research about the identification of mangrove physical condition and the change of mangrove area has aims are knowing of mangrove physical condition and the change of mangrove area in the coastal region southern part of Padang city. The method used in this research is the field survey and multi-temporal satellite imagery analysis in 2001 and 2018 year. Based on the field survey at the date of August 18, 2017 generally the mangrove that found in research location i.e Rhizophora Apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Sonneratia alba, and Nypa. The spatial distribution of the mangrove ecosystem is dependent on the ecological conditions of the area as reflected by the types of mangrove vegetation that grows and develops in the research location. A decrease in mangrove area that occurred between of 2001 to the 2017 years i.e in the coastal region of Bungus bay i.e 5.54 ha, where the decrease in mangrove area occurred because some mangrove plants were cut down and made the settlement land, while in the region of Sungai Pisang bay happen to increase in mangrove area i.e 36.12 ha, where the increase in mangrove area occurred because of the region obstructed by big waves of the sea (protected small the islands).

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan berbagai level tapioka terhadap kondisi kimia (pH, Bahan Kering, N-Amonia, Asam Laktat dan Nilai Fleigh) dan mikrobiologi (Populasi bakteri asam laktat) silase ampas tahu. Bahan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah ampas tahu, tepung tapioka, dan probio-FM. Alat yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah kain pemeras, selotip, pH meter, termometer, plastik bening bervolume 2 kg, karet, tali plastik, baskom, dan timbangan. Metode penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam 3 tahap yaitu persiapan alat dan bahan, pembuatan silase dan analisis kualitas silase secara fisik. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diterapkan adalah berbagai level penggunaan tapioka sebagai akselerator dalam silase ampas tahu yaitu : T0 (0%), T1 (3%), T2 (6%) dan T3 (9%). Data yang dihimpun dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam, apabila terdapat hasil yang berpengaruh nyata pada perlakuan maka dilanjutkan dengan uji DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan tapioka sampai 6% berpengaruh nyata (P0.05) terhadap kandungan N-Amonia, asam laktat dan populasi bakteri asam laktat silase ampas tahu. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan 6% tapioka sebagai akselerator mampu menghasilkan silase ampas tahu berkualitas, yang ditandainya dengan populasi bakteri asam laktat, dan asam laktat yang tinggi, pH asam serta nilai NF yang cukup baik.

Background: Lowering dietary Crude Protein (CP) has been widely reported as a method to reduce nitrogen (N) excretion, but information on its effect in combination with filtering by Azolla pinnata to further mitigate N or ammonia (NH3) volatilization from laying hen manure is limited. Materials and Methods: Two experimental diets containing 17% (control) and 15% (low) crude protein were assigned to 2 groups of 22 weeks old ISA Brown hens, so each treatment had 20 replicates with 6-7 birds each. The manure from each group was flushed into two terraced ponds, in which Azolla pinnata was grown in the lowest terrace to filter the N in the sludge. Fresh manure was collected when the hens were 29 weeks old to analyze the N and NH3 contents and perform microbial counts and analyses of pond water quality (total dissolved solubles, temperature and pH), Azolla N and egg quality were conducted. Data were subjected to either a one or two-way ANOVA. Results: Lowering dietary crude protein to 15% resulted in a 21.83% (p

The research aim to determine the effect of extraction using various combination of pH alkaline-acid to protein and amino acid content of Lamtoro Protein Concentrate Leaf (LPCL). Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 5 replications. The Lamtoro Leaf Meal (LLM) (50 gram) was blended in NaOH (200 ml) for 15 menit and centrifuged to separate the supernatant from extracted LLM. The extracted LLM was re-extracted with buffer acetat pH 4,6 and sentrifuged again to separate supernantant from extracted LLM. Both supernatant from NaOH and buffera acetat pH 4,6 extraction were mixed and precipitated with buffer phospat until isoelectric point. The treatments were tested consisted of extracted with NaOH pH 8, NaOH pH 9 and NaOH pH 10. The parameters measured; isoelectric point at precipited, crude protein, total amino acid (TAA), total essential amino acid (TEAA) and individual amino acid. The results showed that the precipited obtained isoelectric point pH 7 was 2.66; 1.03 and 2.58 gram at the extraction treatments using NaOH at pH 8, 9 and 10, respectively. LPCL extracted using NaOH at pH 9 and 10 contained a high crude protein of 54.82 and 52.60% higher than the extraction using NaOH at pH 8 of 46.98%. The total amount of amino acid and essential amino acid (AAE) of LPCL were highest in treatment using NaOH at pH 10 of 26,58; 13.31 %, respectively. Combination extraction LLM using pH buffer 10 followed by re-extract using acetate buffer pH 4,6 contains crude protein and good essential amino acid, especially leucine. Conclution of the research that the combination extraction using NaOH at pH 10 and followed by re-extract using acetate buffer at pH 4.6 is the best treatment contain crude protein and essential amino acid at LPCL. Keywords : Crude protein, essential amico acid, extraction.

SUMMARY Previously, we reported that feeding native Indonesian laying hens a diet containing up to 30% palm kernel meal (PKM) resulted in comparable egg production to that of hens fed a corn-soybean meal (control) diet regardless of enzyme supplementation. In the present paper, we focus on the effect of the PKM diet on nitrogen excretion, ammonia (NH3) volatilization, as well as microbial counts. One-hundred and eighty 48-wk-old local hens were allotted to 180 cages (1 bird/cage) in a curtain-sided house. Twelve diets were assigned randomly to 15 cages each. The diets were a factorial combination of 3 levels of PKM (0, 15, and 30%), 2 concentrations of a fiber-degrading enzyme [0 and 15 units β-glucanase (major enzyme) activity/kg of diet; Ronozyme VP, DSM Nutritional Products Inc., Basel, Switzerland], and 2 concentrations of phytase + protease mixture [0 and 2,000 units of phytase (Ronozyme NP) + 12,500 units of protease (Ronozyme ProAct) activity/kg of diet; both products of DSM Nutritional Products Inc.]. Diets were isocaloric (2,758 kcal of ME/kg) and contained 17.5 to 18.4% CP and were fed for 10 wk. At 4 wk, excreta DM (but not N) increased as dietary PKM concentrations increased (19.44 vs. 21.98 vs. 23.02% for 0, 15, and 30% PKM, respectively; P ≤ 0.005). However, there were no effects of enzyme supplementations on excreta DM or N. Decreases in excreta NH3 of 36 to 47% (P ≤ 0.0001) associated with PKM concentration or of 11 to 18% (P ≤ 0.05) associated with the use of fiber degrading enzyme were observed. Although phytase + protease supplementation did not show a significant effect on NH3 reduction, interaction effects of enzymes with PKM on NH3 were observed. Moreover, increasing PKM to 30% resulted in increased Lactobacillus spp. and reduced coliform/Escherichia coli counts (P ≤ 0.005), and lower (P ≤ 0.05) excreta pH. Interaction effects between PKM and individual enzymes used on Lactobacillus spp. or between PKM and both enzymes on coliform/E. coli were observed.