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Leptin is a 16 kD protein, synthesized by adipose tissue and is involved in regulation of feed intake, energy balance, fertility and immune functions. Present study was undertaken with the objectives of sequence characterization and studying the nucleotide variation in leptin gene in Murrah buffalo. The leptin gene consists of three exons and two introns which spans about 18.9kb, of which the first exon is not transcribed into protein. In buffaloes, the leptin gene is located on chromosome eight and maps to BBU 8q32. The leptin gene was amplified by PCR using oligonucleotide primers to obtain 289 bp fragment comprising of exon 2 and 405 bp fragment containing exon 3 of leptin gene. The amplicons were sequenced to identify variation at nucleotide level. Sequence comparison of buffalo with cattle reveals variation at five nucleotide sequences at positions 983, 1083, 1147, 1152, 1221 and all the SNPs are synonymous resulting no in change in amino acids. Three of these eight nucleotide variations have been reported for the first time in buffalo. The results indicate conservation of DNA sequence between cattle and buffalo. Nucleotide sequence variations observed at leptin gene between Bubalus bubalis and Bos taurus species revealed 97% nucleotide identity.

Present study was undertaken with the objective to identify the genetic variation in exon 2 and exon 3 of leptin gene and to determine the association of variants with milk production and fat% in Murrah buffaloes. Genomic DNA was isolated from 150 lactating Murrah buffaloes.The targeted segment was amplified by PCR using oligonucleotide primers and respective amplicons of 289 bp and 405 bp size comprising of exon 2 and exon 3 were obtained. PCR-RFLP was carried out using a battery of restriction endonucleases viz. AluI, AciI, MspI, PvuII, HindIII, HinfI, Eco32I,Eco147I and Kpn2I to explore genetic variation. Data were recorded pertaining to parity-wise milk production and fat%. Results indicated monomorphic patterns of both the exons of leptin gene in Murrah buffalo. Data on milk yield and fat percentage were recorded. However, association study was not possible due to monomorphic exhibition of the gene in all the animals included in the study.

The article focuses on a study regarding the single nucleotide polymorphism of SLC35A3 gene in Karan-Fries (KF) animal held at National Dairy Research Institute in Karnal, India. The study collected 110 KF animals were screened for Complex Vertebral Malformation (CVM) and performed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection using polymerase chain reaction-primer introduced restriction analysis (PCR-PIRA). The PCR digested products were analyzed by 2% agarose gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining.