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19. Differential responses to increasing numbers of mild traumatic brain injury in a rodent closed head injury model

Author

Fehily, B., Bartlett, C., Lydiard, S., Archer, M., Milbourn, H., Majimbi, M., Hemmi, J., Dunlop, S., Yates, N., Fitzgerald, Melinda, Fehily, B., Bartlett, C., Lydiard, S., Archer, M., Milbourn, H., Majimbi, M., Hemmi, J., Dunlop, S., Yates, N., and Fitzgerald, Melinda

Abstract

Following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), further mild impacts can exacerbate negative outcomes. To compare chronic damage and deficits following increasing numbers of repeated mTBIs, a closed-head weight-drop model of repeated mTBI was used to deliver 1, 2 or 3 mTBIs to adult female rats at 24 h intervals. Outcomes were assessed at 3 months following the first mTBI. No gross motor, sensory or reflex deficits were identified (p > 0.05), consistent with current literature. Cognitive function assessed using a Morris water maze revealed chronic memory deficits following 1 and 2, but not 3 mTBI compared to shams (p = 0.05). Oxidative damage to DNA was assessed immunohistochemically in the dentate hilus of the hippocampus and splenium of the corpus callosum; no changes were observed. IBA1 positive microglia were increased in size in the cortex following 1 mTBI and in the corpus callosum following 2 mTBI compared to shams (p = 0.05); no changes were observed in the dentate hilus. GFAP positive astrocyte immunoreactivity was assessed in all three brain regions and no chronic changes were observed. Integrity of myelin ultrastructure in the corpus callosum was assessed using transmission electron microscopy. G ratio was decreased following 2 mTBIs compared to shams (p = 0.05) at post-hoc level only. The changing patterns of damage and deficits following increasing numbers of mTBI may reflect dynamic responses to small numbers of mTBIs or a conditioning effect such that increasing numbers of mild traumatic brain injuries do not necessarily result in worsening pathology.

Published
2019

20. Recombinant HIV-1 vaccine candidates based on replication-defective flavivirus vector

Author

Giel-Moloney, M., primary, Esteban, M., additional, Oakes, B. H., additional, Vaine, M., additional, Asbach, B., additional, Wagner, R., additional, Mize, G. J., additional, Spies, A. G., additional, McElrath, J., additional, Perreau, M., additional, Roger, T., additional, Ives, A., additional, Calandra, T., additional, Weiss, D., additional, Perdiguero, B., additional, Kibler, K. V., additional, Jacobs, B., additional, Ding, S., additional, Tomaras, G. D., additional, Montefiori, D. C., additional, Ferrari, G., additional, Yates, N. L., additional, Roederer, M., additional, Kao, S. F., additional, Foulds, K. E., additional, Mayer, B. T., additional, Bennett, C., additional, Gottardo, R., additional, Parrington, M., additional, Tartaglia, J., additional, Phogat, S., additional, Pantaleo, G., additional, Kleanthous, H., additional, and Pugachev, K. V., additional

Published
2019
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22. The effects of a combination of ion channel inhibitors in female rats following repeated mild traumatic brain injury

Author

Mao, Yilin, Black, A., Milbourn, H., Krakonja, S., Nesbit, Michael, Bartlett, C., Fehily, B., Takechi, Ryu, Yates, N., Fitzgerald, Melinda, Mao, Yilin, Black, A., Milbourn, H., Krakonja, S., Nesbit, Michael, Bartlett, C., Fehily, B., Takechi, Ryu, Yates, N., and Fitzgerald, Melinda

Abstract

© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), the ionic homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS) becomes imbalanced. Excess Ca2+ influx into cells triggers molecular cascades, which result in detrimental effects. The authors assessed the effects of a combination of ion channel inhibitors (ICI) following repeated mTBI (rmTBI). Adult female rats were subjected to two rmTBI weight-drop injuries 24 h apart, sham procedures (sham), or no procedures (normal). Lomerizine, which inhibits voltage-gated calcium channels, was administered orally twice daily, whereas YM872 and Brilliant Blue G, inhibiting a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and P2X7 receptors, respectively, were delivered intraperitoneally every 48 h post-injury. Vehicle treatment controls were included for rmTBI, sham, and normal groups. At 11 days following rmTBI, there was a significant increase in the time taken to cross the 3 cm beam, as a sub-analysis of neurological severity score (NSS) assessments, compared with the normal control (p < 0.05), and a significant decrease in learning-associated improvement in rmTBI in Morris water maze (MWM) trials relative to the sham (p < 0.05). ICI-treated rmTBI animals were not different to sham, normal controls, or rmTBI treated with vehicle in all neurological severity score and Morris water maze assessments (p > 0.05). rmTBI resulted in increases in microglial cell density, antioxidant responses (manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) immunoreactivity), and alterations to node of Ranvier structure. ICI treatment decreased microglial density, MnSOD immunoreactivity, and abnormalities of the node of Ranvier compared with vehicle controls (p < 0.01). The authors’ findings demonstrate the beneficial effects of the combinatorial ICI treatment on day 11 post-rmTBI, suggesting an attractive therapeutic strategy against the damage induced by excess Ca2+ following r

Published
2018

23. Advanced Automation for Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry-New Opportunities for Real-Time Autonomous Analysis

Author

Palmer, Peter T, Wong, C. M, Salmonson, J. D, Yost, R. A, Griffin, T. P, Yates, N. A, and Lawless, James G

Subjects
Inorganic, Organic And Physical Chemistry
Abstract

The utility of MS/MS for both target compound analysis and the structure elucidation of unknowns has been described in a number of references. A broader acceptance of this technique has not yet been realized as it requires large, complex, and costly instrumentation which has not been competitive with more conventional techniques. Recent advancements in ion trap mass spectrometry promise to change this situation. Although the ion trap's small size, sensitivity, and ability to perform multiple stages of mass spectrometry have made it eminently suitable for on-line, real-time monitoring applications, advance automation techniques are required to make these capabilities more accessible to non-experts. Towards this end we have developed custom software for the design and implementation of MS/MS experiments. This software allows the user to take full advantage of the ion trap's versatility with respect to ionization techniques, scan proxies, and ion accumulation/ejection methods. Additionally, expert system software has been developed for autonomous target compound analysis. This software has been linked to ion trap control software and a commercial data system to bring all of the steps in the analysis cycle under control of the expert system. These software development efforts and their utilization for a number of trace analysis applications will be described.

Published
1994

24. Comment optimiser les chaînes d'approvisionnement en biomasse issue de cultures énergétiques ?

Author

Gabrielle, Benoit, Perrin, Aurélie, Wohlfahrt, Julie, Flatberg, Truls, Bjorkvoll, Thor Harald, Echevarria, G.I., Sanchez, D., Van Der Linden, Raimo, Loyce, Chantal, Pelzer, Elise, Ragaglini, Giorgio, Shield, I., Yates, N., Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Agro-Systèmes Territoires Ressources Mirecourt (ASTER Mirecourt), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Stiftelsen for INdustriell og TEknisk Forskning [Trondheim] (SINTEF), Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas [Madrid] (CIEMAT), Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN), Agronomie, AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna [Pisa], Rothamsted Research, Stiftelsen for INdustriell og TEknisk Forskning Digital [Trondheim] (SINTEF Digital), and Scuola Universitaria Superiore Sant'Anna [Pisa] (SSSUP)

Subjects
culture énergétique, chaine d'approvisionnement, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], biomasse, optimisation, durabilité, biomass, supply chain, optimization, energy crop, sustainability
Abstract

Des chaînes d'approvisionnement en biomasse respectueuses de l'environnement et économiquement compétitives sont un facteur clé de succès pour le développement de la bio-économie. Or Celui-ci est susceptible d'être entravé par la pénurie potentielle de biomasse lignocellulosique, matière première la plus demandée pour fabriquer des produits bio-sources. Des technologies innovantes pour la gestion des cultures, la récolte de biomasse et leur prétraitement, le stockage et le transport offrent de nombreuses possibilités pour augmenter l'offre en biomasse tout en réduisant les coûts et en minimisant les impacts négatifs sur l'environnement. Trois récents projets européens visaient à développer de telles technologies, l'ensemble des chaînes logistiques, et à évaluer leur viabilité et durabilité. Les sources de biomasse étudiées incluaient les rémanents forestiers, les résidus d'arboriculture ainsi que des cultures lignocellulosiques annuelles, pérennes et ligneuses. Des filières existantes dans différentes régions d'Europe ont servi de cas d'étude en vraie grandeur et de support pour des démonstrations à l'échelle commerciale. Les principaux verrous identifiés concernent le stockage de biomasse et la phase de production pour les cultures dédiées, et des leviers d'amélioration portant sur la densification de la biomasse, le développement de systèmes de récolte plus efficaces et les systèmes de production de biomasse ont permis de réduire les coûts, la consommation d'énergie et les émissions de gaz à effet de serre., Cost-efficient, environmental-friendly and socially sustainable biomass supply chains are urgently needed to achieve the 2020 and 2030 targets of the European Union. Optimized logistics are a key factor of success for bio-based value-chains, and there is currently ample room for improvement. Innovative techniques for crop management, biomass harvesting and pre-treatment, storage and transport offer a prime avenue to increase biomass supply while keeping costes down and minimizing adverse environmental impacts. This communication will draw on results from recent projects funded by the European Commission on the development of new or improved technologies for logistics chains, encompassing energy crops, forest and agricultural residues. It includes an assessment of their sustainability at supply-area level for small to large-scale bio-based projects. The main bottlenecks of logistics reside in storage capacity and feedstock production, and some promising avenues to alleviate include legume-lignocellulosics mixtures, decentralized densification via briquetting, more efficient harversting systems and a widening of harvesting time windows. In a case-study in Burgundy, reduction in costs of more than 30% could be achieved with these options, along with an abatement of 10 to 20 % of greenhouse gas emissions.

Published
2017
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26. Abstracts of the Eighth EDCTP Forum, 6-9 November 2016.

Author

Makanga, M, Beattie, P, Breugelmans, G, Nyirenda, T, Bockarie, M, Tanner, M, Volmink, J, Hankins, C, Walzl, G, Chegou, N, Malherbe, S, Hatherill, M, Scriba, TJ, Zak, DE, Barry, CE, Kaufmann, SHE, Noor, A, Strub-Wourgaft, N, Phillips, P, Munguambe, K, Ravinetto, R, Tinto, H, Diro, E, Mahendrahata, Y, Okebe, J, Rijal, S, Garcia, C, Sundar, S, Ndayisaba, G, Sopheak, T, Ngoduc, T, Van Loen, H, Jacobs, J, D'Alessandro, U, Boelaert, M, Buvé, A, Kamalo, P, Manda-Taylor, L, Rennie, S, Mokgatla, B, Bahati, Ijsselmuiden, C, Afolabi, M, Mcgrath, N, Kampmann, B, Imoukhuede, E, Alexander, N, Larson, H, Chandramohan, D, Bojang, K, Kasaro, MP, Muluka, B, Kaunda, K, Morse, J, Westfall, A, Kapata, N, Kruuner, A, Henostroza, G, Reid, S, Alabi, A, Foguim, F, Sankarganesh, J, Bruske, E, Mfoumbi, A, Mevyann, C, Adegnika, A, Lell, B, Kranzer, K, Kremsner, P, Grobusch, M, Sabiiti, W, Ntinginya, N, Kuchaka, D, Azam, K, Kampira, E, Mtafya, B, Bowness, R, Bhatt, N, Davies, G, Kibiki, G, Gillespie, S, Lejon, V, Ilboudo, H, Mumba, D, Camara, M, Kaba, D, Lumbala, C, Fèvre, E, Jamonneau, V, Bucheton, B, Büscher, P, Chisenga, C, Sinkala, E, Chilengi, R, Chitundu, H, Zyambo, Z, Wandeler, G, Vinikoor, M, Emilie, D, Camara, O, Mathurin, K, Guiguigbaza-Kossigan, D, Philippe, B, Regassa, F, Hassane, S, Bienvenu, SM, Fabrice, C, Ouédraogo, E, Kouakou, L, Owusu, M, Mensah, E, Enimil, A, Mutocheluh, M, Ndongo, FA, Tejiokem, MC, Texier, G, Penda, C, Ndiang, S, Ndongo, J-A, Guemkam, G, Sofeu, CL, Afumbom, K, Faye, A, Msellati, P, Warszawski, J, Vos, A, Devillé, W, Barth, R, Klipstein-Grobusch, K, Tempelman, H, Venter, F, Coutinho, R, Grobbee, D, Ssemwanga, D, Lyagoba, F, Magambo, B, Kapaata, A, Kirangwa, J, Nannyonjo, M, Nassolo, F, Nsubuga, R, Yebra, G, Brown, A, Kaleebu, P, Nylén, H, Habtewold, A, Makonnen, E, Yimer, G, Burhenne, J, Diczfalusy, U, Aklillu, E, Steele, D, Walker, R, Simuyandi, M, Beres, L, Bosomprah, S, Ansumana, R, Taitt, C, Lamin, JM, Jacobsen, KH, Mulvaney, SP, Leski, T, Bangura, U, Stenger, D, De Vries, S, Zinsou, FJ, Honkpehedji, J, Dejon, JC, Loembe, MM, Bache, B, Pakker, N, Van Leeuwen, R, Hounkpatin, AB, Yazdanbakhsh, M, Bethony, J, Hotez, P, Diemert, D, Bache, BE, Fernandes, JF, Obiang, RM, Kabwende, AL, Grobusch, MP, Krishna, S, Kremsner, PG, Todagbe, AS, Nambozi, M, Kabuya, J-B, Hachizovu, S, Mwakazanga, D, Kasongo, W, Buyze, J, Mulenga, M, Geertruyden, J-P, Gitaka, J, Chan, C, Kongere, J, Kagaya, W, Kaneko, A, Kabore, N, Barry, N, Kabre, Z, Werme, K, Fofana, A, Compaore, D, Nikiema, F, Some, F, Djimde, A, Zongo, I, Ouedraogo, B, Kone, A, Sagara, I, Björkman, A, Gil, JP, Nchinda, G, Bopda, A, Nji, N, Ambada, G, Ngu, L, Tchadji, J, Sake, C, Magagoum, S, Njambe, GD, Lisom, A, Park, CG, Tait, D, Sibusiso, H, Manda, O, Croucher, K, Van Der Westhuizen, A, Mshanga, I, Levin, J, Nanvubya, A, Kibengo, F, Jaoko, W, Pala, P, Perreau, M, Namuniina, A, Kitandwe, P, Tapia, G, Serwanga, J, Yates, N, Fast, P, Mayer, B, Montefiori, D, Tomaras, G, Robb, M, Lee, C, Wagner, R, Sanders, E, Kilembe, W, Kiwanuka, N, Gilmour, J, Kuipers, H, Vooij, D, Chinyenze, K, Priddy, F, Ding, S, Hanke, T, Pantaleo, G, Ngasala, B, Jovel, I, Malmberg, M, Mmbando, B, Premji, Z, Mårtensson, A, Mwaiswelo, R, Agbor, L, Apinjoh, T, Mwanza, S, Chileshe, J, Joshi, S, Malunga, P, Manyando, C, Laufer, M, Dara, A, Niangaly, A, Sinha, I, Brodin, D, Fofana, B, Dama, S, Dembele, D, Sidibe, B, Diallo, N, Thera, M, Wright, K, Gil, J, Doumbo, O, Baraka, V, Nabasumba, C, Francis, F, Lutumba, P, Mavoko, H, Alifrangis, M, Van Geertruyden, J-P, Sissoko, S, Sangaré, C, Toure, S, Sanogo, K, Diakite, H, Doumbia, D, Haidara, K, Julé, A, Ashurst, H, Merson, L, Olliaro, P, Marsh, V, Lang, T, Guérin, P, Awuondo, K, Njenga, D, Nyakarungu, E, Titus, P, Sutamihardja, A, Lowe, B, Ogutu, B, Billingsley, P, Soulama, I, Kaboré, M, Coulibaly, A, Ouattara, M, Sanon, S, Diarra, A, Bougouma, E, Ouedraogo, A, Sombie, B, Kargougou, D, Ouattara, D, Issa, N, Tiono, A, Sirima, S, Chaponda, M, Dabira, E, Dao, F, Dara, N, Coulibaly, M, Tolo, A, Maiga, H, Ouologuem, N, Niangaly, H, Botchway, F, Wilson, N, Dickinson-Copeland, CM, Adjei, AA, Wilson, M, Stiles, JK, Hamid, MA, Awad-Elgeid, M, Nasr, A, Netongo, P, Kamdem, S, Velavan, T, Lasry, E, Diarra, M, Bamadio, A, Traore, A, Coumare, S, Soma, B, Dicko, Y, Sangare, B, Tembely, A, Traore, D, Haidara, A, Dicko, A, Diawara, E, Beavogui, A, Camara, D, Sylla, M, Yattara, M, Sow, A, Camara, GC, Diallo, S, Mombo-Ngoma, G, Remppis, J, Sievers, M, Manego, RZ, Endamne, L, Hutchinson, D, Held, J, Supan, C, Salazar, CLO, Bonkian, LN, Nahum, A, Sié, A, Abdulla, S, Cantalloube, C, Djeriou, E, Bouyou-Akotet, M, Mordmüller, B, Siribie, M, Sirima, SB, Ouattara, SM, Coulibaly, S, Kabore, JM, Amidou, D, Tekete, M, Traore, O, Haefeli, W, Borrmann, S, Kaboré, N, Kabré, Z, Nikèma, F, Compaoré, D, Somé, F, Djimdé, A, Ouédraogo, J, Chalwe, V, Miller, J, Diakité, H, Greco, B, Spangenberg, T, Kourany-Lefoll, E, Oeuvray, C, Mulry, J, Tyagarajan, K, Magsaam, B, Barnes, K, Hodel, EM, Humphreys, G, Pace, C, Banda, CG, Denti, P, Allen, E, Lalloo, D, Mwapasa, V, Terlouw, A, Mwesigwa, J, Achan, J, Jawara, M, Ditanna, G, Worwui, A, Affara, M, Koukouikila-Koussounda, F, Kombo, M, Vouvoungui, C, Ntoumi, F, Etoka-Beka, MK, Deibert, J, Poulain, P, Kobawila, S, Gueye, NG, Seda, B, Kwambai, T, Jangu, P, Samuels, A, Kuile, FT, Kariuki, S, Barry, A, Bousema, T, Okech, B, Egwang, T, Corran, P, Riley, E, Ezennia, I, Ekwunife, O, Muleba, M, Stevenson, J, Mbata, K, Coetzee, M, Norris, D, Moneke-Anyanwoke, N, Momodou, J, Clarke, E, Scott, S, Tijani, A, Djimde, M, Vaillant, M, Samouda, H, Mensah, V, Roetynck, S, Kanteh, E, Bowyer, G, Ndaw, A, Oko, F, Bliss, C, Jagne, YJ, Cortese, R, Nicosia, A, Roberts, R, D'Alessio, F, Leroy, O, Faye, B, Cisse, B, Gerry, S, Viebig, N, Lawrie, A, Ewer, K, Hill, A, Nebie, I, Tiono, AB, Sanou, G, Konate, AT, Yaro, BJ, Sodiomon, S, Honkpehedji, Y, Agobe, JCD, Zinsou, F, Mengue, J, Richie, T, Hoffman, S, Nouatin, O, Ngoa, UA, Edoa, JR, Homoet, A, Engelhon, JE, Massinga-Louembe, M, Esen, M, Theisen, M, Sim, KL, Luty, AJ, Moutairou, K, Dinko, B, King, E, Targett, G, Sutherland, C, Likhovole, C, Ouma, C, Vulule, J, Musau, S, Khayumbi, J, Okumu, A, Murithi, W, Otu, J, Gehre, F, Zingue, D, Kudzawu, S, Forson, A, Mane, M, Rabna, P, Diarra, B, Kayede, S, Adebiyi, E, Kehinde, A, Onyejepu, N, Onubogu, C, Idigbe, E, Ba, A, Diallo, A, Mboup, S, Disse, K, Kadanga, G, Dagnra, Y, Baldeh, I, Corrah, T, De Jong, B, Antonio, M, Musanabaganwa, C, Musabyimana, JP, Karita, E, Diop, B, Nambajimana, A, Dushimiyimana, V, Karame, P, Russell, J, Ndoli, J, Hategekimana, T, Sendegeya, A, Condo, J, Binagwaho, A, Okonko, I, Okerentugba, P, Opaleye, O, Awujo, E, Frank-Peterside, N, Moyo, S, Kotokwe, K, Mohammed, T, Boleo, C, Mupfumi, L, Chishala, S, Gaseitsiwe, S, Tsalaile, L, Bussmann, H, Makhema, J, Baum, M, Marlink, R, Engelbretch, S, Essex, M, Novitsky, V, Saka, E, Kalipalire, Z, Bhairavabhotla, R, Midiani, D, Sherman, J, Mgode, G, Cox, C, Bwana, D, Mtui, L, Magesa, D, Kahwa, A, Mfinanga, G, Mulder, C, Borain, N, Petersen, L, Du Plessis, J, Theron, G, Holm-Hansen, C, Tekwu, EM, Sidze, LK, Assam, JPA, Eyangoh, S, Niemann, S, Beng, VP, Frank, M, Atiadeve, S, Hilmann, D, Awoniyi, D, Baumann, R, Kriel, B, Jacobs, R, Kidd, M, Loxton, A, Kaempfer, S, Singh, M, Mwanza, W, Milimo, D, Moyo, M, Kasese, N, Cheeba-Lengwe, M, Munkondya, S, Ayles, H, De Haas, P, Muyoyeta, M, Namuganga, AR, Kizza, HM, Mendy, A, Tientcheu, L, Ayorinde, A, Coker, E, Egere, U, Coussens, A, Naude, C, Chaplin, G, Noursadeghi, M, Martineau, A, Jablonski, N, Wilkinson, R, Ouedraogo, HG, Matteelli, A, Regazzi, M, Tarnagda, G, Villani, P, Sulis, G, Diagbouga, S, Roggi, A, Giorgetti, F, Kouanda, S, Bidias, A, Ndjonka, D, Olemba, C, Souleymanou, A, Mukonzo, J, Kuteesa, R, Ogwal-Okeng, J, Gustafsson, LL, Owen, J, Bassi, P, Gashau, W, Olaf, K, Dodoo, A, Okonkwo, P, Kanki, P, Maruapula, D, Seraise, B, Einkauf, K, Reilly, A, Rowley, C, Musonda, R, Framhein, A, Mpagama, S, Semvua, H, Maboko, L, Hoelscher, M, Heinrich, N, Mulenga, L, Kaayunga, C, Davies, M-A, Egger, M, Musukuma, K, Dambe, R, Usadi, B, Ngari, M, Thitiri, J, Mwalekwa, L, Fegan, G, Berkley, J, Nsagha, D, Munamunungu, V, Bolton, C, Siyunda, A, Shilimi, J, Bucciardini, R, Fragola, V, Abegaz, T, Lucattini, S, Halifom, A, Tadesse, E, Berhe, M, Pugliese, K, De Castro, P, Terlizzi, R, Fucili, L, Di Gregorio, M, Mirra, M, Zegeye, T, Binelli, A, Vella, S, Abraham, L, Godefay, H, Rakotoarivelo, R, Raberahona, M, Randriamampionona, N, Andriamihaja, R, Rasamoelina, T, Cornet, M, De Dieu Randria, MJ, Benet, T, Vanhems, P, Andrianarivelo, MR, Chirwa, U, Michelo, C, Hamoonga, R, Wandiga, S, Oduor, P, Agaya, J, Sharma, A, Cavanaugh, S, Cain, K, Mukisa, J, Mupere, E, Worodria, W, Ngom, JT, Koro, F, Godwe, C, Adande, C, Ateugieu, R, Onana, T, Ngono, A, Kamdem, Y, Ngo-Niobe, S, Etoa, F-X, Kanengoni, M, Ruzario, S, Ndebele, P, Shana, M, Tarumbiswa, F, Musesengwa, R, Gutsire, R, Fisher, K, Thyagarajan, B, Akanbi, O, Binuyo, M, Ssengooba, W, Respeito, D, Mambuque, E, Blanco, S, Mandomando, I, Cobelens, F, Garcia-Basteiro, A, Tamene, A, Topp, S, Mwamba, C, Padian, N, Sikazwe, I, Geng, E, Holmes, C, Sikombe, K, Hantuba, Czaicki, N, Simbeza, S, Somwe, P, Umulisa, M, Ilo, J, Kestelyn, E, Uwineza, M, Agaba, S, Delvaux, T, Wijgert, J, Gethi, D, Odeny, L, Tamandjou, C, Kaindjee-Tjituka, F, Brandt, L, Cotton, M, Nel, E, Preiser, W, Andersson, M, Adepoju, A, Magana, M, Etsetowaghan, A, Chilikwazi, M, Sutcliffe, C, Thuma, P, Sinywimaanzi, K, Matakala, H, Munachoonga, P, Moss, W, Masenza, IS, Geisenberger, O, Agrea, P, Rwegoshora, F, Mahiga, H, Olomi, W, Kroidl, A, Kayode, G, Amoakoh-Coleman, M, Ansah, E, Uthman, O, Fokam, J, Santoro, M-M, Musolo, C, Chimbiri, I, Chikwenga, G, Deula, R, Massari, R, Lungu, A, Perno, C-F, Ndzengue, G, Loveline, N, Lissom, A, Flaurent, T, Sosso, S, Essomba, C, Kpeli, G, Otchere, I, Lamelas, A, Buultjens, A, Bulach, D, Baines, S, Seemann, T, Giulieri, S, Nakobu, Z, 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Sinywimaanzi, K, Matakala, H, Munachoonga, P, Moss, W, Masenza, IS, Geisenberger, O, Agrea, P, Rwegoshora, F, Mahiga, H, Olomi, W, Kroidl, A, Kayode, G, Amoakoh-Coleman, M, Ansah, E, Uthman, O, Fokam, J, Santoro, M-M, Musolo, C, Chimbiri, I, Chikwenga, G, Deula, R, Massari, R, Lungu, A, Perno, C-F, Ndzengue, G, Loveline, N, Lissom, A, Flaurent, T, Sosso, S, Essomba, C, Kpeli, G, Otchere, I, Lamelas, A, Buultjens, A, Bulach, D, Baines, S, Seemann, T, Giulieri, S, Nakobu, Z, Aboagye, S, Owusu-Mireku, E, Danso, E, Hauser, J, Hinic, V, Pluschke, G, Stinear, T, Yeboah-Manu, D, Elshayeb, A, Siddig, ME, Ahmed, AA, Hussien, AE, Kabwe, M, Tembo, J, Chilukutu, L, Chilufya, M, Ngulube, F, Lukwesa, C, Enne, V, Wexner, H, Mwananyanda, L, Hamer, D, Sinyangwe, S, Ahmed, Y, Klein, N, Maeurer, M, Zumla, A, Bates, M, Beyala, L, Etienne, G, Anthony, N, Benjamin, A, Ateudjieu, J, Chibwe, B, Ojok, D, Tarr, CA, Perez, GM, Omeonga, S, Kibungu, F, Meyer, A, Lansana, P, Mayor, A, Onyango, P, Van Loggerenberg, F, Furtado, T, Boggs, L, Segrt, A, Dochez, C, Burnett, R, Mphahlele, MJ, Miiro, G, Mbidde, E, Peshu, N, Kivaya, E, Ngowi, B, Kavishe, R, Maowia, M, Sandstrom, E, Ayuo, E, Mmbaga, B, Leisegang, C, Thorpe, M, Batchilly, E, N'Guessan, J-P, Kanteh, D, Søfteland, S, Sebitloane, M, Vwalika, B, Taylor, M, Galappaththi-Arachchige, H, Holmen, S, Gundersen, SG, Ndhlovu, P, Kjetland, EF, Kombe, F, Toohey, J, Pienaar, E, Kredo, T, Cham, PM, Abubakar, I, Dondeh, BL, Vischer, N, Pfeiffer, C, Burri, C, Musukwa, K, Zürcher, S, Mwandu, T, Bauer, S, Adriko, M, Mwaura, P, Omolloh, K, Jones, C, Malecela, M, Hamidu, BA, Jenner, TE, Asiedu, LJ, Osei-Atweneboana, M, Afeke, I, Addo, P, Newman, M, Durnez, L, Eddyani, M, Ammisah, N, Abas, M, Quartey, M, Ablordey, A, Akinwale, O, Adeneye, A, Ezeugwu, S, Olukosi, Y, Adewale, B, Sulyman, M, Mafe, M, Okwuzu, J, Gyang, P, Nwafor, T, Henry, U, Musa, B, Ujah, I, Agobé, JCD, Grau-Pujol, B, Sacoor, C, Nhabomba, A, Casellas, A, Quintó, L, Subirà, C, Giné, R, Valentín, A, Muñoz, J, Nikiema, M, Ky-Ba, A, Comapore, KAM, Sangare, L, Oluremi, A, Michel, M, Camara, Y, Sanneh, B, Cuamba, I, Gutiérrez, J, Lázaro, C, Mejia, R, Adedeji, A, Folorunsho, S, Demehin, P, Akinsanya, B, Cowley, G, Da Silva, ET, Nabicassa, M, De Barros, PDP, Blif, MM, Bailey, R, Last, A, Mahendradhata, Y, Gotuzzo, E, De Nys, K, Casteels, M, Nona, SK, Lumeka, K, Todagbe, A, Djima, MM, Ukpong, M, Sagay, A, Khamofu, H, Torpey, K, Afiadigwe, E, Anenih, J, Ezechi, O, Nweneka, C, Idoko, J, Muhumuza, S, Katahoire, A, Nuwaha, F, Olsen, A, Okeyo, S, Omollo, R, Kimutai, R, Ochieng, M, Egondi, T, Moonga, C, Chileshe, C, Magwende, G, Anumudu, C, Onile, O, Oladele, V, Adebayo, A, Awobode, H, Oyeyemi, O, Odaibo, A, Kabuye, E, Lutalo, T, Njua-Yafi, C, Nkuo-Akenji, T, Anchang-Kimbi, J, Mugri, R, Chi, H, Tata, R, Njumkeng, C, Dodoo, D, Achidi, E, Fernandes, J, Bache, EB, Matakala, K, Searle, K, Greenman, M, and Rainwater-Lovett, K

Published
2017

27. Distinct genital tract HIV-specific antibody profiles associated with tenofovir gel

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering, Dunphy, Laura J., Arnold, Kelly Benedict, Lauffenburger, Douglas A, Archary, D, Seaton, K E, Passmore, J S, Werner, L, Deal, A, Yates, N L, Bergin, P, Liebenberg, L J, Samsunder, N, Mureithi, M W, Altfeld, M, Garrett, N, Abdool Karim, Q, Abdool Karim, S S, Morris, L, Tomaras, G D, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering, Dunphy, Laura J., Arnold, Kelly Benedict, Lauffenburger, Douglas A, Archary, D, Seaton, K E, Passmore, J S, Werner, L, Deal, A, Yates, N L, Bergin, P, Liebenberg, L J, Samsunder, N, Mureithi, M W, Altfeld, M, Garrett, N, Abdool Karim, Q, Abdool Karim, S S, Morris, L, and Tomaras, G D

Abstract

The impact of topical antiretrovirals for pre-exposure prophylaxis on humoral responses following HIV infection is unknown. Using a binding antibody multiplex assay, we investigated HIV-specific IgG and IgA responses to envelope glycoproteins, p24 Gag and p66, in the genital tract (GT) and plasma following HIV acquisition in women assigned to tenofovir gel (n=24) and placebo gel (n=24) in the CAPRISA 004 microbicide trial to assess if this topical antiretroviral had an impact on mucosal and systemic antibody responses. Linear mixed effect modeling and partial least squares discriminant analysis was used to identify multivariate antibody signatures associated with tenofovir use. There were significantly higher response rates to gp120 Env (P=0.03), p24 (P=0.002), and p66 (P=0.009) in plasma and GT in women assigned to tenofovir than placebo gel at multiple time points post infection. Notably, p66 IgA titers in the GT and plasma were significantly higher in the tenofovir compared with the placebo arm (P<0.05). Plasma titers for 9 of the 10 HIV-IgG specificities predicted GT levels. Taken together, these data suggest that humoral immune responses are increased in blood and GT of individuals who acquire HIV infection in the presence of tenofovir gel., United States. National Institutes of Health (AI51794), United States. National Institutes of Health (AI104387), United States. National Institutes of Health (AI115981), United States. National Institutes of Health (AI116086), United States. Agency for International Development (GP00-08-00005-00 subproject agreement PPA-09-046)

Published
2017

28. Delayed treatment of secondary degeneration following acute optic nerve transection using a combination of ion channel inhibitors

Author

Yates, N., Giacci, M., O Hare Doig, R., Chiha, W., Ashworth, B., Kenna, J., Bartlett, C., Fitzgerald, Melinda, Yates, N., Giacci, M., O Hare Doig, R., Chiha, W., Ashworth, B., Kenna, J., Bartlett, C., and Fitzgerald, Melinda

Abstract

Studies have shown that a combined application of several ion channel inhibitors immediately after central nervous system injury can inhibit secondary degeneration. However, for clinical use, it is necessary to determine how long after injury the combined treatment of several ion channel inhibitors can be delayed and efficacy maintained. In this study, we delivered Ca 2+ entry-inhibiting P2X7 receptor antagonist oxidized- ATP and AMPA receptor antagonist YM872 to the optic nerve injury site via an iPRECIO @ pump immediately, 6 hours, 24 hours and 7 days after partial optic nerve transection surgery. In addition, all of the ion channel inhibitor treated rats were administered with calcium channel antagonist lomerizine hydrochloride. It is important to note that as a result of implantation of the particular pumps required for programmable delivery of therapeutics directly to the injury site, seromas occurred in a significant proportion of animals, indicating infection around the pumps in these animals. Improvements in visual function were observed only when treatment was delayed by 6 hours; phosphorylated Tau was reduced when treatment was delayed by 24 hours or 7 days. Improvements in structure of node/paranode of Ranvier and reductions in oxidative stress indicators were also only observed when treatment was delayed for 6 hours, 24 hours, or 7 days. Benefits of ion channel inhibitors were only observed with time-delayed treatment, suggesting that delayed therapy of Ca 2+ ion channel inhibitors produces better neuroprotective effects on secondary degeneration, at least in the presence of seromas.

Published
2017

29. Repeated mild traumatic brain injury in female rats increases lipid peroxidation in neurons

Author

Yates, N., Lydiard, S., Fehily, B., Weir, G., Chin, A., Bartlett, C., Alderson, J., Fitzgerald, Melinda, Yates, N., Lydiard, S., Fehily, B., Weir, G., Chin, A., Bartlett, C., Alderson, J., and Fitzgerald, Melinda

Abstract

Negative outcomes of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) can be exacerbated by repeated insult. Animal models of repeated closed-head mTBI provide the opportunity to define acute pathological mechanisms as the number of mTBI increases. Furthermore, little is known about the effects of mTBI impact site, and how this may affect brain function. We use a closed head, weight drop model of mTBI that allows head movement following impact, in adult female rats to determine the role of the number and location of mTBI on brain pathology and behaviour. Biomechanical assessment of two anatomically well-defined mTBI impact sites were used, anterior (bregma) and posterior (lambda). Location of the impact had no significant effect on impact forces (450 N), and the weight impact locations were on average 5.4 mm from the desired impact site. No between location vertical linear head kinematic differences were observed immediately following impact, however, in the 300 ms post-impact, significantly higher mean vertical head displacement and velocity were observed in the mTBI lambda trials. Breaches of the blood brain barrier were observed with three mTBI over bregma, associated with immunohistochemical indicators of damage. However, an increased incidence of hairline fractures of the skull and macroscopic haemorrhaging made bregma an unsuitable impact location to model repeated mTBI. Repeated mTBI over lambda did not cause skull fractures and were examined more comprehensively, with outcomes following one, two or three mTBI or sham, delivered at 1 day intervals, assessed on days 1–4. We observe a mild behavioural phenotype, with subtle deficits in cognitive function, associated with no identifiable neuroanatomical or inflammatory changes. However, an increase in lipid peroxidation in a subset of cortical neurons following two mTBI indicates increasing oxidative damage with repeated injury in female rats, supported by increased amyloid precursor protein immunoreactivity with three mTBI.

Published
2017

30. Specific ion channels contribute to key elements of pathology during secondary degeneration following neurotrauma

Author

O'Hare Doig, R., Chiha, W., Giacci, M., Yates, N., Bartlett, C., Smith, N., Hodgetts, S., Harvey, A., Fitzgerald, Melinda, O'Hare Doig, R., Chiha, W., Giacci, M., Yates, N., Bartlett, C., Smith, N., Hodgetts, S., Harvey, A., and Fitzgerald, Melinda

Abstract

Background: Following partial injury to the central nervous system, cells beyond the initial injury site undergo secondary degeneration, exacerbating loss of neurons, compact myelin and function. Changes in Ca 2+ flux are associated with metabolic and structural changes, but it is not yet clear how flux through specific ion channels contributes to the various pathologies. Here, partial optic nerve transection in adult female rats was used to model secondary degeneration. Treatment with combinations of three ion channel inhibitors was used as a tool to investigate which elements of oxidative and structural damage related to long term functional outcomes. The inhibitors employed were the voltage gated Ca 2+ channel inhibitor Lomerizine (Lom), the Ca 2+ permeable AMPA receptor inhibitor YM872 and the P2X 7 receptor inhibitor oxATP. Results: Following partial optic nerve transection, hyper-phosphorylation of Tau and acetylated tubulin immunoreactivity were increased, and Nogo-A immunoreactivity was decreased, indicating that axonal changes occurred acutely. All combinations of ion channel inhibitors reduced hyper-phosphorylation of Tau and increased Nogo-A immunoreactivity at day 3 after injury. However, only Lom/oxATP or all three inhibitors in combination significantly reduced acetylated tubulin immunoreactivity. Most combinations of ion channel inhibitors were effective in restoring the lengths of the paranode and the paranodal gap, indicative of the length of the node of Ranvier, following injury. However, only all three inhibitors in combination restored to normal Ankyrin G length at the node of Ranvier. Similarly, HNE immunoreactivity and loss of oligodendrocyte precursor cells were only limited by treatment with all three ion channel inhibitors in combination. Conclusions: Data indicate that inhibiting any of a range of ion channels preserves certain elements of axon and node structure and limits some oxidative damage following injury, whereas ionic flux through

Published
2017

33. Amélioration et validation multi-sites d'une version de recherche du modèle STICS pour simuler sur le long terme une culture pérenne : Miscanthus x giganteus

Author

Loic Strullu, Fabien Ferchaud, Nicolas Beaudoin, Yates, N., Iñaki Garcia de Cortazar-Atauri, Shield, I., Bruno Mary, Agroressources et Impacts environnementaux (AgroImpact), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Rothamsted Research, Agroclim (AGROCLIM), and ProdInra, Migration

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE] Environmental Sciences, Modèle, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, STICS, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Miscanthus, Cultures énergétiques, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

National audience

Published
2015

34. Baling of Miscanthus: the Effect of Harvest Time on Productivity, Consumption and Biomass Losses

Author

Ragaglini, G., Yates, N., Shield, I., Tozzini, C., Villani, R., and Sanchez, D.

Subjects
Biomass
Abstract

Within the last few years Miscanthus has been shown as the most productive perennial grass under different climate conditions, resulting suited for biomass production both in northern and in southern countries of Europe. Factors which may affect the final yield are soil texture, fertilization rate, water availability and harvest time. In particular many authors stressed the fact that a late harvest, in the winter season, allows to obtain a better biomass quality (i.e. low moisture level and reduced ash content), even if considerable biomass losses could occur, in form of leaves and tops, respect to the yields that could be obtained with an early harvest in autumn. On the other hand, early harvest poses the problem of high moisture levels, which makes the biomass unsuited for baling shortly after cut. Thus the biomass requires to be left on the field for drying for a time span, between mowing and baling, that can vary from few to several days, depending on air temperature and rain. Within the LogistEC EU project, a set of field trials were conducted in order to assess the feasibly of early harvesting under different climate conditions, in Italy, France and UK. In Italy, a three-passage harvesting system, consisting in mowing, windrowing and baling, was adopted for early harvest and compared with a conventional winter harvest, carried out with a single-passage system (mowing and baling in one operation) at the end of the winter. In both harvest systems tractor power, as well as machinery types for mowing and baling were the same. Productivity, fuel consumption and biomass losses were measured. Preliminary results showed that fuel and operation times needed for the three passage system were significantly higher than for the single-passage system, while biomass losses were slightly lower in the early harvesting than in the late winter harvest. Our results allowed to conclude that early harvest, with the three-passages system, can help to extend the harvesting season also to the autumn period, especially in those regions where seasonal air temperature allow to bale the biomass at proper moisture content, where the risk of wet winters is high, wherever cultivated areas are small and widespread within the single farm and in the case expected yields should be low., Proceedings of the 23rd European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, 1-4 June 2015, Vienna, Austria, pp. 74-78

Published
2015
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35. Progress in Annual and Perennial Herbaceous Energy Crops Harvesting and Handling: Preliminary Results on Fibre Sorghum and Miscanthus Experiences within the EU Logistec Project

Author

Sánchez, D., Barberena, G., Ragaglini, G., Tozzini, C., Villani, R., Shield, I., Yates, N., and Del Campo, I.

Subjects
Biomass
Abstract

Fibre sorghum and miscanthus are recognized as two of the most promising crops for providing dry biomass suited for thermo-chemical conversion processes. Despite their high biomass yield potential, several concerns may arise related to their economic sustainability. Operation costs for harvesting and handling, as well as biomass losses (i.e. quantity and quality decrease) along the supply chain can significantly affect final biofuel price, making biomass less attractive in relation to other renewable energy sources. Therefore, optimizing logistics of biomass energy chains is a key factor for reducing costs of biofuel production from energy crops. LogistEC project addresses this question through different demonstration cases linked to real industrial plants in different European locations: a biomass power plant conducted by Acciona company in Extremadura region (Spain) and a pellet production plant owned by Bourgogne Pellet and located in Burgundy region (France)., Proceedings of the 23rd European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, 1-4 June 2015, Vienna, Austria, pp. 187-192

Published
2015
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36. Dancing on a Volcano

Author

KILLIAN-O'CALLAGHAN, D, Lawson, E, Bright, K, Betts-Dean, L, Ly, J, Ferris, E, Vincent, T, Cooper, W, Yates, N, Hanner, D, Pickett, B, Guo, L, Scully, R, KILLIAN-O'CALLAGHAN, D, Lawson, E, Bright, K, Betts-Dean, L, Ly, J, Ferris, E, Vincent, T, Cooper, W, Yates, N, Hanner, D, Pickett, B, Guo, L, and Scully, R

Abstract

Dancing on a Volcano, presented by Forest Collective. “The whole town and all its inhabitants are quite drowned in carnival din, masks and confetti. And on top of that the news of the Reichstag fire. Dancing on a volcano” -- Alban Berg. Dancing on a Volcano features rarely heard works created during the time of the Nazi regime. The performance focuses mainly on German and Jewish composers who were either supported or banned during this time, including works by Isla Webber, Kurt Weill, Franz Schreker, Frederich Hollander, Mischa Spoliansky, Henri Dutilleux and Olivier Messiaen.

Published
2016

37. Threonine 89 is an important residue of profilin-1 that is phosphorylatable by protein kinase A

Author

Gau, D, Veon, W, Zeng, X, Yates, N, Shroff, SG, Koes, DR, Roy, P, Gau, D, Veon, W, Zeng, X, Yates, N, Shroff, SG, Koes, DR, and Roy, P

Abstract

Objective: Dynamic regulation of actin cytoskeleton is at the heart of all actin-based cellular events. In this study, we sought to identify novel post-translational modifications of Profilin-1 (Pfn1), an important regulator of actin polymerization in cells. Methodology: We performed in vitro protein kinase assay followed by mass-spectrometry to identify Protein Kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation sites of Pfn1. By two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-GE) analysis, we further examined the changes in the isoelectric profile of ectopically expressed Pfn1 in HEK-293 cells in response to forskolin (FSK), an activator of cAMP/PKA pathway. Finally, we combined molecular dynamics simulations (MDS), GST pull-down assay and F-actin analyses of mammalian cells expressing site-specific phosphomimetic variants of Pfn1 to predict the potential consequences of phosphorylation of Pfn1. Results and Significance: We identified several PKA phosphorylation sites of Pfn1 including Threonine 89 (T89), a novel site. Consistent with PKA's ability to phosphorylate Pfn1 in vitro, FSK stimulation increased the pool of the most negatively charged form of Pfn1 in HEK-293 cells which can be attenuated by PKA inhibitor H89. MDS predicted that T89 phosphorylation destabilizes an intramolecular interaction of Pfn1, potentially increasing its affinity for actin. The T89D phosphomimetic mutation of Pfn1 elicits several changes that are hallmarks of proteins folded into alternative three-dimensional conformations including detergent insolubility, protein aggregation and accelerated proteolysis, suggesting that T89 is a structurally important residue of Pfn1. Expression of T89D-Pfn1 induces actin:T89D-Pfn1 co-clusters and dramatically reduces overall actin polymerization in cells, indicating an actin-sequestering action of T89D-Pfn1. Finally, rendering T89 non-phosphorylatable causes a positive charge shift in the isoelectric profile of Pfn1 in a 2D gel electrophoresis analysis of cell extracts, a findi

Published
2016

38. C-Myc and AMPK control cellular energy levels by cooperatively regulating mitochondrial structure and function

Author

Edmunds, LR, Sharma, L, Wang, H, Kang, A, D'Souza, S, Lu, J, McLaughlin, M, Dolezal, JM, Gao, X, Weintraub, ST, Ding, Y, Zeng, X, Yates, N, Prochownik, EV, Edmunds, LR, Sharma, L, Wang, H, Kang, A, D'Souza, S, Lu, J, McLaughlin, M, Dolezal, JM, Gao, X, Weintraub, ST, Ding, Y, Zeng, X, Yates, N, and Prochownik, EV

Abstract

The c-Myc (Myc) oncoprotein and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulate glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (Oxphos) although often for different purposes. Because Myc over-expression depletes ATP with the resultant activation of AMPK, we explored the potential co-dependency of and cross-talk between these proteins by comparing the consequences of acute Myc induction in ampk+/+ (WT) and ampk-/-(KO) murine embryo fibroblasts (MEFs). KO MEFs showed a higher basal rate of glycolysis than WT MEFs and an appropriate increase in response to activation of a Myc-estrogen receptor (MycER) fusion protein. However, KO MEFs had a diminished ability to increase Oxphos, mitochondrial mass and reactive oxygen species in response to MycER activation. Other differences between WT and KO MEFs, either in the basal state or following MycER induction, included abnormalities in electron transport chain function, levels of TCA cycle-related oxidoreductases and cytoplasmic and mitochondrial redox states. Transcriptional profiling of pathways pertinent to glycolysis, Oxphos and mitochondrial structure and function also uncovered significant differences between WT and KO MEFs and their response to MycER activation. Finally, an unbiased mass-spectrometry (MS)-based survey capable of quantifying ∼40% of all mitochondrial proteins, showed about 15% of them to be AMPK-and/or Myc-dependent in their steady state. Significant differences in the activities of the rate-limiting enzymes pyruvate kinase and pyruvate dehydrogenase, which dictate pyruvate and acetyl coenzyme A abundance, were also differentially responsive to Myc and AMPK and could account for some of the differences in basal metabolite levels that were also detected by MS. Thus, Myc and AMPK are highly co-dependent and appear to engage in significant cross-talk across numerous pathways which support metabolic and ATP-generating functions. Copyright

Published
2015

41. Dynamic Antibody Specificities and Virion Concentrations in Circulating Immune Complexes in Acute to Chronic HIV-1 Infection

Author

Overman, R. G., Montefiori, D. C., Freel, S. A., Yates, N. L., Ochsenbauer, C., Perelson, A. S., Haynes, B. F., Vandergrift, N., Kappes, J. C., Cohen, M. S., Chen, Y., Liu, P., Tomaras, G. D., Gao, F., Graw, F., and Alam, S. M.

Subjects
viruses, virus diseases, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition
Abstract

Understanding the interactions between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) virions and antibodies (Ab) produced during acute HIV-1 infection (AHI) is critical for defining antibody antiviral capabilities. Antibodies that bind virions may prevent transmission by neutralization of virus or mechanically prevent HIV-1 migration through mucosal layers. In this study, we quantified circulating HIV-1 virion-immune complexes (ICs), present in approximately 90% of AHI subjects, and compared the levels and antibody specificity to those in chronic infection. Circulating HIV-1 virions coated with IgG (immune complexes) were in significantly lower levels relative to the viral load in acute infection than in chronic HIV-1 infection. The specificities of the antibodies in the immune complexes differed between acute and chronic infection (anti-gp41 Ab in acute infection and anti-gp120 in chronic infection), potentially suggesting different roles in immunopathogenesis for complexes arising at different stages of infection. We also determined the ability of circulating IgG from AHI to bind infectious versus noninfectious virions. Similar to a nonneutralizing anti-gp41 monoclonal antibody (MAb), purified plasma IgG from acute HIV-1 subjects bound both infectious and noninfectious virions. This was in contrast to the neutralizing antibody 2G12 MAb that bound predominantly infectious virions. Moreover, the initial antibody response captured acute HIV-1 virions without selection for different HIV-1 envelope sequences. In total, this study demonstrates that the composition of immune complexes are dynamic over the course of HIV-1 infection and are comprised initially of antibodies that nonselectively opsonize both infectious and noninfectious virions, likely contributing to the lack of efficacy of the antibody response during acute infection.

Published
2011
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44. Customer Voice

Author

Brown, Tim J., Richardson, Joanna, and Yates, N.

Published
2010

48. Appraising the extractable tidal energy resource of the UK's western coastal waters

Author

Yates, N., Walkington, I., Burrows, R., Wolf, J., Yates, N., Walkington, I., Burrows, R., and Wolf, J.

Abstract

A two-dimensional west coast tidal model, built on the ADCIRC platform (an unstructured grid two-dimensional depth-integrated shallow water model), has been developed to examine the scope for reliable and fully predictable electricity generation from UK coastal waters using an ambitious combination of estuary barrages, tidal lagoons and tidal stream generator arrays. The main emphasis has been towards conjunctive operation of major estuary barrages, initially including the presence of pilot-scale tidal stream developments, though ambitious exploitation of extensive tidal streams has also been explored.

Published
2013

49. FELASA recommendations for the education and training of laboratory animal technicians: category A: report of the Federation of European Laboratory Animal Science Associations Working Group on Education of Animal Technicians (Category A) accepted by the FELASA Board of Management.

Author

Weiss Convenor, J., Bukelskiene, V., Chambrier, P., Ferrari, L., Meulen, M. van der, Moreno, M., Mulkens, F.G.G.F.M., Sigg, H., Yates, N., Weiss Convenor, J., Bukelskiene, V., Chambrier, P., Ferrari, L., Meulen, M. van der, Moreno, M., Mulkens, F.G.G.F.M., Sigg, H., and Yates, N.

Abstract

1 juli 2010, Item does not contain fulltext, The future laboratory animal technician in Europe will be provided with three different levels of education. All candidates have to start with an introductory course to reach level A0. At this level (A0) they will be able to assist in the laboratory animal facility by undertaking limited specific duties under supervision. Most A0 assistants will continue their education and training for at least one year while in full-time employment. This process will include continual assessment with the option of a final examination to become qualified at level A1. A1 represents a comprehensively educated laboratory animal technician with theoretical background knowledge and practical skills. Some of the A1 laboratory animal technicians may continue specific education for at least another year of full-time employment. They will develop knowledge and expertise as well as supervisory and basic managerial skills in order to obtain level A2.

Published
2010

50. Tidal energy potential in UK waters

Author

Burrows, R., Walkington, I. A., Yates, N. C., Hedges, T. S., Li, M., Zhou, J. G., Chen, D. Y., Wolf, J., Holt, J., Proctor, R., Burrows, R., Walkington, I. A., Yates, N. C., Hedges, T. S., Li, M., Zhou, J. G., Chen, D. Y., Wolf, J., Holt, J., and Proctor, R.

Published
2009

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