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This study aimed to clarify the feasibility of a mobile cardiotocogram (CTG) device for self-monitoring fetal heart rate (FHR) in low-risk singleton pregnant women.This study was conducted at six university hospitals and seven maternity clinics in Japan. Using a mobile cardiotocogram device (iCTG, Melody International Ltd., Kagawa, Japan), participants of more than 34 gestational weeks measured the FHR by themselves at least once a week until hospitalization for delivery. We evaluated the acquisition rate of evaluable FHR recordings and the frequency of abnormal FHR patterns according to the CTG classification system of the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (JSOG). The participants also underwent a questionnaire survey after delivery to evaluate their satisfaction level of self-monitoring FHR using the mobile CTG device.A total of 1278 FHR recordings from 101 women were analyzed. Among them, 1276 (99.8%) were readable for more than 10 min continuously, and the median percentage of the total readable period in each recording was 98.9% (range, 51.4-100). According to the JSOG classification system, 1245 (97.6%), 9 (0.7%), 18 (1.4%), and four (0.3%) FHR patterns were classified as levels 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The questionnaire survey revealed high participant satisfaction with FHR self-monitoring using the iCTG.The mobile CTG device is a feasible tool for self-monitoring FHR, with a high participant satisfaction level.

Objective: To study clinical outcomes for different uterine wall incision directions, comparing vertical incision and transverse incision in laparoscopic myomectomy of the intramural myoma.

Aim Conventional microwave endometrial ablation (MEA) can be insufficient to control menorrhagia resulting from adenomyosis. We compared the standard single ablation technique with multiple MEA – repeating ablation three times in the same region – in patients with adenomyosis and menorrhagia. Material and Methods We performed single MEA in 18 patients and multiple MEA in seven patients between 2007 and 2013. We compared the efficacy of single and multiple MEA using a visual analog scale (VAS) for menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea, and patient satisfaction. We also evaluated the incidence of menorrhagia recurrence, amenorrhea, and procedure complications in relation to patients' clinical factors. Results VAS scores for improved menorrhagia and patient satisfaction were significantly higher in the multiple MEA group than in the single MEA group; however, the operative time was longer in the multiple-treatment group. There were no statistical differences between groups in hemoglobin levels, VAS improvement for dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia recurrence, frequency of complications, or amenorrhea rate. Conclusion Multiple MEA successfully controls menorrhagia from adenomyosis and achieves a higher satisfaction rate than single MEA.

Background: In this study, we examined the current status of psychosocial or psychological intervention for women during pregnancy and the postpartum period in Japan. Methods: We estimated the number of women receiving perinatal psychosocial or psychological intervention in Japan. On December 2015, we requested 2,462 obstetrical facilities that are members of the Japan Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (JAOG) to provide information on women who received psychosocial or psychological intervention during pregnancy, the hospitalization period for childbirth and the puerperal 1 month in 2014. A total of 1,305 (53.0%) of the 2,462 obstetrical facilities responded with valid information on a total of 515,373 women, accounting for approximately 52% of all deliveries that occurred in Japan during the study period. Results: The number of women who received psychosocial or psychological intervention during pregnancy, the hospitalization period for childbirth and the puerperal 1 month were 4,843 (0.94%), 4,791 (0.93%) and 3,015 (0.59%), respectively. In total, 8,743 women (1.70%) received psychosocial or psychological intervention in 2014. Conclusion: Considering the response rate, the number of women requiring perinatal psychosocial or psychological intervention was estimated to be 16,000 per year in Japan. J Clin Med Res. 2016;8(6):472-474 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jocmr2568w

Cell profiles determined by the thin-layer advanced cytology assay system (TACAS™), a liquid-based cytology technique newly developed in Japan, were analyzed in this study. Hybrid capture 2 (HC-2) was also performed using the liquid-based samples prepared by TACAS to ascertain its ability to detect human papillomavirus (HPV). Cell collection samples from uterine cervix were obtained from 359 patients and examined cytologically. A HC-2 assay for HPV was carried out in the cell specimens. All specimens were found to show background factors such as leukocytes. After excluding the 5 unsatisfactory cases from the total 354 cases, 82 cases (23.2%) were positive and 272 cases (76.8%) were negative for HPV. Cell specimens from 30 HPV-positive cases and 166 HPV-negative cases were subjected to 4 weeks of preservation at room temperature. Then, when subsequently re-assayed, 28 cases (93.3%) in the former group were found to be HPV positive and 164 cases (98.8%) in the latter group were found to be HPV negative. These results supported the excellent reproducibility of TACAS for HPV testing. A reasonable inference from the foregoing analysis is that TACAS may be distinguished from other liquid-based cytological approaches, such as ThinPrep and SurePath, in that it can retain the cell backgrounds. Furthermore, this study raises the possibility that cell specimens prepared using TACAS could be preserved for at least 4 weeks prior to carrying out a HC-2 assay for HPV.

Atypical polypoid adenomyoma is a rare uterine tumor composed of atypical endometrial glands, which often exhibit squamous metaplasia, and a cellular smooth muscle stroma. Although atypical polypoid adenomyoma is categorized as a benign lesion, it is reportedly associated with endometrial cancer, and it shows persistence and recurrence even after conservative medical treatment. We present a rare case of atypical polypoid adenomyoma that possibly underwent a serial pathological change from endometrial hyperplasia to carcinoma in a 40-year-old woman with no history of pregnancy. She was diagnosed with atypical polypoid adenomyoma during polypectomy surgery. After resecting the atypical polypoid adenomyoma, endometrial hyperplasia complex was detected. This condition eventually progressed from atypical hyperplasia complex to endometrial adenocarcinoma, and total abdominal hysterectomy was performed. A patient with atypical polypoid adenomyoma who wishes to preserve her fertility should be carefully monitored for endometrial carcinoma. If endometrial hyperplasia is detected in such a patient, a meticulous follow-up examination by performing endometrial biopsy is mandatory.

We compared the detection rate of cervical neoplasias between a liquid-based cytology (LBC) method using SurePath and the conventional method. We also studied the feasibility of human papillomavirus (HPV) typing by linear array assay. Cytological specimens from 1551 Japanese women were prepared using the conventional and SurePath methods; the cytological and histological results from biopsy samples were compared. HPV typing using an HPV linear array assay was carried out on residual specimens using the SurePath method. The cytodiagnostic results showed a concordance rate of 85.3% (κ = 0.46) between the two methods. The sensitivity of lesions histopathologically diagnosed as CIN1 or above was not significantly different between the two methods (P = 0.575–1.000). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of the detectability in CIN2 or above revealed no significant difference between the two methods (P = 0.096). Among the 44 patients who underwent HPV typing using a linear array assay, 33 samples were eligible for HPV testing and were stored at ambient temperature. In conclusion, the SurePath and conventional methods have equivalent abilities for detecting cervical lesions. After preparation for cytological diagnosis, use of the remaining cells from the SurePath specimens to perform HPV typing using the linear array method could be feasible.

Angiogenesis is a critical factor in the progression of solid tumors and metastasis. The aim of this study was to characterise the roles of angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors on ovarian cancer.The expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF, angiogenic factor) and pigment epithelial growth factor (PEDF, anti-angiogenic factor) were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting in ovarian tumors. Microvessel density (MVD) was evaluated by the total microvessel length in high-power field of tumor tissue preparations.MVD correlated with tumor malignancy. The tissues with the highest expression levels of VEGF (VEGF-H) were malignant tumors. The VEGF expression levels in some malignant tumors (VEGF-L) were as low as that in benign tumors. Therefore, the expression of PEDF was examined. The PEDF expression levels in VEGF-L malignant tumors were significantly lower than those in benign tumors. On the other hand, the PEDF expression levels in VEGF-H malignant tumor tissues were not significantly different from those in benign tumors.The reduction in PEDF expression levels may be, in part, responsible for tumor malignancy in VEGF-L ovarian tumors. Furthermore, PEDF may be a useful marker of malignancy in VEGF-L ovarian tumors.

To evaluate reproductive outcome after laparoscopic myomectomy for intramural myomas in infertile women with or without associated infertility factors. A retrospective study was carried out in 30 infertile women with intramural myomas measuring ≥50 mm in diameter and treated using laparoscopy. The overall rate of spontaneous intrauterine pregnancy was 50.0% (15 patients). Of 13 patients with infertility factors associated with the uterine myomas, three (23.1%) became pregnant, whereas 12 of 17 patients (70.6%) with no other associated infertility factor became pregnant. No uterine ruptures were observed. All pregnancies were spontaneous and 13 occurred within 1 year of the operation. In the 10 patients who gave birth by Cesarean section, no adhesions were found on the myomectomy scar. On the basis of these results, laparoscopic surgery for myomas appears to offer comparable results to laparotomy. In infertile patients with intramural myoma, pregnancy rates are affected by the presence of other infertility factors associated with the uterine myomas.

Conventional microwave endometrial ablation (MEA) can be insufficient to control menorrhagia resulting from adenomyosis. We compared the standard single ablation technique with multiple MEA - repeating ablation three times in the same region - in patients with adenomyosis and menorrhagia.We performed single MEA in 18 patients and multiple MEA in seven patients between 2007 and 2013. We compared the efficacy of single and multiple MEA using a visual analog scale (VAS) for menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea, and patient satisfaction. We also evaluated the incidence of menorrhagia recurrence, amenorrhea, and procedure complications in relation to patients' clinical factors.VAS scores for improved menorrhagia and patient satisfaction were significantly higher in the multiple MEA group than in the single MEA group; however, the operative time was longer in the multiple-treatment group. There were no statistical differences between groups in hemoglobin levels, VAS improvement for dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia recurrence, frequency of complications, or amenorrhea rate.Multiple MEA successfully controls menorrhagia from adenomyosis and achieves a higher satisfaction rate than single MEA.

Atypical polypoid adenomyoma is a rare uterine tumor composed of atypical endometrial glands, which often exhibit squamous metaplasia, and a cellular smooth muscle stroma. Although atypical polypoid adenomyoma is categorized as a benign lesion, it is reportedly associated with endometrial cancer, and it shows persistence and recurrence even after conservative medical treatment. We present a rare case of atypical polypoid adenomyoma that possibly underwent a serial pathological change from endometrial hyperplasia to carcinoma in a 40-year-old woman with no history of pregnancy. She was diagnosed with atypical polypoid adenomyoma during polypectomy surgery. After resecting the atypical polypoid adenomyoma, endometrial hyperplasia complex was detected. This condition eventually progressed from atypical hyperplasia complex to endometrial adenocarcinoma, and total abdominal hysterectomy was performed. A patient with atypical polypoid adenomyoma who wishes to preserve her fertility should be carefully monitored for endometrial carcinoma. If endometrial hyperplasia is detected in such a patient, a meticulous follow-up examination by performing endometrial biopsy is mandatory.

We compared the detection rate of cervical neoplasias between a liquid-based cytology (LBC) method using SurePath and the conventional method. We also studied the feasibility of human papillomavirus (HPV) typing by linear array assay. Cytological specimens from 1551 Japanese women were prepared using the conventional and SurePath methods; the cytological and histological results from biopsy samples were compared. HPV typing using an HPV linear array assay was carried out on residual specimens using the SurePath method. The cytodiagnostic results showed a concordance rate of 85.3% (Κ= 0.46) between the two methods. The sensitivity of lesions histopathologically diagnosed as CIN1 or above was not significantly different between the two methods (P = 0.575-1.000). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of the detectability in CIN2 or above revealed no significant difference between the two methods (P = 0.096). Among the 44 patients who underwent HPV typing using a linear array assay, 33 samples were eligible for HPV testing and were stored at ambient temperature. In conclusion, the SurePath and conventional methods have equivalent abilities for detecting cervical lesions. After preparation for cytological diagnosis, use of the remaining cells from the SurePath specimens to perform HPV typing using the linear array method could be feasible.

Adenomatoid tumors are rare benign mesothelial tumors of the genital tract, and only a few cases of uterine adenomatoid tumors treated at laparoscopic surgery have been reported. Herein is reported the case of a laparoscopically resected uterine adenomatoid tumor with coexisting endometriosis. A 34-year-old nulliparous woman with suspected uterine fibroma and endometrial cysts underwent laparoscopic surgery in which both the uterine tumor and the endometrial cysts were enucleated. Enucleation of the uterine tumor was difficult, and, therefore, the border between the tumor and normal myometrium was divided using a harmonic scalpel for tumor resection. Microscopic examination of the tumor showed irregularly proliferating smooth muscle cells and many round hiatuses lined by epithelial-like cells. These epithelial-like cells were immunohistochemically positive for mesothelin and podoplanin, and negative for CD34, which suggests that the tumor was an adenomatoid tumor. This may be the fourth reported case of an adenomatoid tumor resected using the laparoscopic approach.

Multinuclear osteoclasts are derived from CD11b-positive mononuclear cells in bone marrow and in circulation. FACS sorting experiments showed impaired osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 cells with low CD11b expression. Neutralizing antibodies and siRNA against CD11b inhibited osteoclastogenesis induced by RANKL. Although primary cultured mouse bone marrow macrophages expressed CD11a and CD11b, osteoclastogenesis induced by M-CSF and RANKL was inhibited in the presence of anti-CD11b or anti-CD18 but not anti-CD11a antibodies. Furthermore, anti-CD11b antibodies inhibited NFATc1 expression induced by M-CSF and RANKL in BMMs. These findings suggest, at least partly, an important role of CD11b in osteoclastogenesis.

Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging accurately diagnosed adenomyosis uteri in three women. We performed laparoscopic excision of myometrial adenomyomas and localized portions of adenomyosis uteri in all women in whom the disorder was accompanied by severe dysmenorrhea and hypermenorrhea. We used the same procedure as for laparoscopic myomectomy. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications, and patients were hospitalized only 3 days. The women's dysmenorrhea and hypermenorrhea disappeared by the end of the first postoperative menses.

Objective: Endometrial growth and repair during the menstrual cycle are associated with angiogenesis. It is therefore important to understand which cells produce angiogenic factors and which factors regulate endometrial angiogenesis. Methods: After a collagenase digestion, stromal and epithelial cells were separated by filtration. The epithelial cells retained on the filter were cultured and identified by cytokeratin staining. The stromal cells which passed through the filter were cultured and identified by vimentin staining. The angiogenic activity in the conditioned medium of both cells was assessed by the enhancement of tube forming activity in 3-dimensional culture of bovine endothelial cells. Results: The angiogenic activity in the epithelial cells was higher than that in the stromal cells and it was attenuated by the addition of the neutralized antibody to either b-FGF (basic fibroblast growth factor) or VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) but, the b-FGF content in the conditioned medium of the endometrial epithelial cells was less than that in the basal level of bovine endothelial cells used in this experiment. VEGF is therefore assumed to be the main angiogenic factor released from the epithelial cells. The amount of VEGF in the conditioned medium of the epithelial cells was higher than that of the stromal cells and significantly increased by the addition of pharmacological doses of 17 β-estradiol. Conclusion: These results suggest that VEGF expression in endometrial epithelial cells plays a role in normal endometrial repair during the menstrual cycle.