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False-negatives on cytology may be observed during follow-ups for patients with persistent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN); however, the underlying reasons are unknown, and the relationship between the intra-individual variability of false-negatives and the menstrual cycle phase has not been elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether the menstrual cycle influences cytological results to maximise the accuracy of such tests.A total of 154 liquid-based cytological (LBC) samples were obtained during follow-ups for 26 patients with CIN, and the relationship between cytological results and the menstrual cycle, which was classified into six phases, was analysed.All LBC smears were satisfactory, and 20 of 154 (13.0%) specimens were negative for intraepithelial lesions or malignancy (NILM). A statistically significant association was observed between the cytological results and the phase of the menstrual cycle, χThe present study revealed that false-negative cytological results were found to more likely to occur during the early secretory phase. More careful and precise microscopic observation of Pap smears collected at the early secretory phase may contribute to a reduction in the occurrence of false-negatives and improve cytological sensitivity.

Introduction: The morphology of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) on Papanicolaou (Pap) smears widely varied, including syncytial aggregates, sheets, and scattered single cells, and no particular cellular pattern is consistently observed. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether the menstrual cycle affects the cellular pattern of HSILs, an effort to avoid false negatives due to the oversight of scattered small single HSIL cells in the cytological triage of human papillomavirus-positive women. Methods: A total of 147 HSIL samples of liquid-based cytology (LBC) in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or 3 were obtained, and then, the relationship between cellular patterns, such as single-cell-like and syncytial aggregates, and menstrual cycles classified into six phases was analyzed. If a syncytial aggregate was present, the number of cells constituting the aggregate was visually counted under the microscope. Results: HSILs in scattered single cells and small sheets of 2 [3] = 9.423, p < 0.05) (Cramer’s V = 0.253). The value of adjusted residuals showed a statistically significant increased proportion of single-cell-like patterns during the late proliferative phase (p < 0.01). Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that HSIL cells in Pap smears in the late proliferation phase have a high frequency of single-cell-like patterns. In human papillomavirus-positive Pap smears with a clean background and predominantly superficial cells, careful microscopic observation by targeting single HSIL cells can potentially reduce false negatives.

Cornflake artifacts are artifacts that commonly occur while the mounted medium starts to evaporate before coverslipping. This study aimed to determine factors contributing to the occurrence of these artifacts in Papanicolaou (Pap) smears. Residual specimens were used after cytology to microscopically evaluate various effects on cornflake artifacts. Four SurePath™ liquid cytology (LBC) cell specimens, diagnosed as negative for intraepithelial lesions or malignancy (NILM), were used. Each LBC smear was subjected to Pap staining under four different conditions (A, without air-drying; B, air-drying after dehydration; C, air-drying after xylene immersion; and D, air-drying after dehydration and xylene immersion) using two methods: conventional and poor dehydration. Cornflake artifacts were not observed in A and B in Pap staining. By contrast, cornflake artifacts were observed in conventional and poor dehydration methods when dried after xylene immersion. When comparing the four conditions, smears B and D, which were both air-dried after dehydration, had fewer cornflake artifacts than smear C, which was air-dried only after xylene. Therefore, the remaining water in the cells due to poor dehydration during xylene immersion is found to result in the development of cornflake artifacts. The present study revealed that cornflake artifacts in Pap smears are caused by poor dehydration in addition to drying before mounting.

Background: To compare the cytomorphological features of atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H) observed in a liquid-based Pap smear with the histopathological features observed in a concurrent colposcopic biopsy specimen obtained immediately after obtaining the Pap smear. Methods: Cytomorphological features such as cytoplasmic differentiation, nuclear/cytoplasm (N/C) ratio, chromatin pattern, thickening of nuclear contour, and the appearance of the nucleolus of 247 ASC-H obtained from 25 liquid-based Pap smear ASC-H cases were compared with those of the cells obtained from biopsied samples. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection was tested for 39 HPV genotypes using Uniplex E6/E7 polymerase chain reaction method. Results: Of the 25 ASC-H cases, 22 (88%) showed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 or greater (CIN1+) and 3 (12%) were benign. HPV infection was detected in 100% CIN1+ cases and 66.7% benign cases. Significant differences such as marked hyperchromasia, thickened nuclear contour, and prominent nucleoli were observed between ASC-H cases with CIN1+ and the benign cases. Conclusion: The presence of small dysplastic cells displaying marked hyperchromasia, thickening of nuclear contour, and prominent nucleoli on Pap smear strongly suggest the presence of CIN in ASC-H cases.

Molecular orientation analysis in a single monolayer deposited on a glass substrate has been a difficult matter, since the glass substrate absorbs infrared rays so strongly that the measurements of infrared spectra are difficult to perform, and the single monolayer is not suitable for X-ray diffraction analysis because no periodical structure is available. When a thin glass is used as the substrate, in particular, the infrared analysis becomes more difficult, since optical fringes appear strongly on the absorption spectra due to the multiple reflections in the glass. In the present study, infrared multiple-angle incidence resolution spectrometry (MAIRS) has been employed to remove the fringes from the spectra of single- and five-monolayer Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of cadmium stearate deposited on a thin glass plate. The MAIRS in-plane spectra gave quantitatively reliable infrared transmission spectra for both films with little fringes, which made it possible for the first time to analyze the molecular orientation in the single-monolayer LB film on glass. As a result, it has been revealed that the molecule in the single-monolayer LB film on thin glass exhibits a significantly larger molecular tilt angle than those prepared on other substrates such as gold and germanium.

Surface recovery of germanium substrate for infrared spectroscopic studies of Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films has been investigated by infrared multiple-angle incidence resolution spectroscopy (MAIRS). A Gesubstrate is, in general, repeatedly used for fabrication of LB films for infrared spectroscopic studies. For the recycling process, the substrate covered by LB films is washed by sonication in organic solvents and pure water. This cleaning generally works well for ordinary analytical use, especially for thick samples, such as polymer and liquid materials. Nonetheless, in the present study, the cleaning by sonication only has been found to be inappropriate for the measurements of monolayer-level samples. The infrared MAIRS analysis has revealed that the 5-monolayer cadmium stearate LB film deposited on a fresh Ge substrate has a molecular tilt angle of ca. 13° from the surface normal, while that deposited on a recycled substrate by sonication has an angle of ca. 30°. Infrared MAIRS analysis has experimentally proved that the ideal recovery of the Ge surface can be achieved by cleaning the substrate with chemical rinse with the use of acid solution.

Scientists have been trying to understand how Earth processes occur and influence each other, and are now looking at advanced, next-generation observation technologies. The third International Workshop on the Scientific Use of Submarine Cables and Related Technologies (SSC'03) was held last June at the University of Tokyo to review what has been achieved and to explore future observations technologies. Scientists and engineers started looking at opportunities to conduct observations that would cover the dynamics and structure of the Earth's interior, plate dynamics, natural resources, geohazardous events such as earthquakes and tsunamis, hydrogeological processes in sediment, heat and material exchanges or circulation through the ocean, dynamics of microbiological or ecological processes, deep water currents, physical oceanography, marine meteorology, and air-ocean interactions, etc., from the deep earth to its surface. Cross-disciplinary areas might develop depending on the scales of observations of spatial coverage. Long-term and real-time observatories would surely deepen our knowledge of these processes, about which much is still unknown. We believe that the workshop will lead to the initiation of new steps toward future sea floor observation technologies and scientific findings.

目的:子宮頸部腺上皮病変の拾い上げを容易にするため, 構造異型に着目し細胞学的解析を行った.方法:東京顕微鏡院および東京都がん検診センターで発見された腺異形成3症例, 上皮内腺癌3症例, 高分化型の内頸部型粘液性腺癌 (以下高分化型腺癌) 5症例, 対照10症例を用い, 柵状集塊の核位置の不規則度や細胞の出現形態について検討を行った.成績:1) 柵状集塊の核位置の差の平均値±S.D.は, 対照症例で1.9±1.2μm, 腺異形成症例で5.5±3.7μm, 上皮内腺癌症例で8.4±5.1μm, 高分化型腺癌症例で6.7±4.4μmであった.2) 柵状集塊の重積層数は, 対照症例で1層～3層, 平均2.3層, 腺異形成症例2層～3層, 平均2.4層, 上皮内腺癌症例2層～6層, 平均3.3層, 高分化型腺癌症例では2層～6層, 平均34層であった.3) 出現様式は, 腺異形成ではシート様集塊が多く認められ, 乳頭状集塊や腺腔を有する乳頭状集塊は高分化型腺癌で認められた.結論:子宮頸部腺上皮病変の拾い上げには, 柵状集塊の核位置の不規則度や重積性, 細胞集塊の出現形態を詳細に観察することが重要であることが示唆された.

目的:子宮内膜細胞診において子宮体癌を推定する重要な所見は樹枝状集塊と考えている.対象・方法:今回細胞異型を主体に判定していた時期の精検施行183例と, 構造異型を主体に判定した最近の精検施行294例の内膜細胞診の正診率と, 体癌症例の手術進行期を比較検討した.また他院で作製された子宮体癌症例の標本について直接塗抹法 (44例) と洗い出し・圧挫塗抹法 (44例) の正診率を比較し以下の結果を得た.結果: 1) 細胞異型主体の183例中クラスVと判定されたのは51例で, このうち子宮体癌は29例 (56.9%), 著変なし13例 (25.5%), また子宮体癌症例をクラスVと判定し得たのは33例中29例だった. 構造異型主体の294例中クラスVと判定したのは110例で, このうち子宮体癌は91例 (82.7%), 著変なし5例 (4.5%), また子宮体癌95例は全例クラスIV, Vと判定し得た. 2) 細胞異型主体の時期に発見した子宮体癌33例の手術進行期は4例 (12.2%) が0期, IA期で, 構造異型を主体にしてからの子宮体癌は95例中24例 (25.3%) が0期, IA期であった. 3) 直接塗抹法 (44例) による子宮体癌症例の正診率は54.6%(44例中24例), 洗い出し法は79.6%(44例中35例) だった.結論:以上より構造異型を主体に診断することは子宮内膜細胞診の正診率の上昇に有用と考える.

子宮内膜細胞診で構造異型を伴った乳頭状集塊が出現する場合, 内膜増殖症を推定して疑陽性-class IIIと判定している. 今回classIIIと判定された138症例, 146検体に出現する乳頭状集塊, 樹枝状集塊の構造異型を検討し以下の結果を得た.1) 腺腔のbacktoback様構造を認める乳頭状集塊の出現率は, 組織診が著変なし17%, endometrial hyperplasia, complex 30%, atypical endometrial hyperplasia, complex 59%, 高分化型腺癌100%であった.2) 樹枝状集塊の出現率は組織診が著変なし3%, endometrial hyperplasia, complex 4%, atypical endometrial hyperplasia, complex 46%, 高分化型腺癌100%であった.以上よりback to back様構造などを認める乳頭状集塊を主体に, 数個でも樹枝状集塊の認められる症例は, atypicalendometrial hyperplasia, complexまたは子宮体癌が存在する可能性が高い. この様な細胞所見の認められる症例の75%がatypical endometrial hyperplasia, complex以上の病変であり, 臨床的に厳重な対応が望まれる.

1985年から1995年までの11年間に東京都がん検診センターにおいて施行された乳頭分泌細胞診の成績をまとめ, 以下の結果を得た。1) 細胞診の成績は, 乳癌80例では陽性38例 (47.4%), 疑陽性9例 (11.3%), 陰性33例 (41.3%), また乳腺良性疾患167例では陽性5例 (3.0%), 疑陽性5例 (3.0%), 陰性157例 (94.0%) で, 誤陰性例が多く認められた。2) 11年間に89例の非触知乳癌が発見されているが, このうち35例に乳頭分泌を伴い, 細胞診では25例 (71.5%) が陽性であった。なお, 25例中15例ではマンモグラフィや超音波検査で異常所見がみられなかった。3) 乳頭分泌細胞診で陽性となった非触知乳癌25例は病理形態学的に乳管内進展型の癌が大部分を占め, 脂肪織浸潤は3例に認められたのみで, リンパ節転移は1例もみられなかった。すなわち比較的早期の癌がほとんどであった。4) 細胞診の誤判定は採取細胞量が少ないために起こることが多かったので, 十分な細胞成分が得られるような努力が必要であることが示唆された。また, 細胞判定には個々の細胞異型のみならず, 細胞の散在性, 重積性などの観察が特に重要であると思われた。

アポクリン癌の細胞学的特徴を明確にするため, アポクリン癌9例と対照としてアポクリン化生の目立つ良性症例15例の穿刺細胞標本を用い, 細胞集塊の形態や個々の細胞所見について検索を行い, 以下の結果を得た.1. アポクリン癌は好酸性穎粒状の広い細胞質を有する良性化生細胞に類似した細胞からなるものの, 良性例と比べて多少なりとも細胞の散在性や重積性を示す傾向にあった.2. アポクリン癌にみられる細胞集塊は, 細胞境界が不鮮明なことが多く, しばしば泡沫状の細胞質を伴っていた.3. アポクリン癌では通常, 核の腫大や大小不同が目立っており, また大型の核小体が高頻度に出現した.このような細胞像の特徴を判定に活かすことにより, 穿刺細胞診におけるアポクリン癌の診断がより的確になるものと思われる.

サイトブラシによる頸管内擦過細胞診の特徴を綿棒擦過法と比較検討した.対象は綿棒擦過法にてClass Iと診断された497例で, 臨床的副作用, 細胞所見について比較した.特に細胞所見は円柱上皮細胞に注目し, その出現形態を詳しく観察し, 以下の結果を得た.1) 臨床的副作用としてサイトブラシによる細胞採取後やや出血がみられる症例があり, コルポ診との併用には綿棒擦過法の方が影響が少ないと思われた.2) 細胞所見では綿棒法に比較し, サイトブラシによる標本には円柱上皮細胞の出現率がきわめてたかく, また, 集塊状またはシート状の細胞集団として出現していることが特徴で, 細胞個々の所見のみならず, 細胞構築を観察することにより腺系病変の診断に有用であると思われた.3) 扁平上皮系細胞の出現頻度は両法に大きな差は認められなかったが, その出現形態の違いにより, 診断には注意を要すると思われた.

内膜細胞診における腺腫性増殖症と高分化型体内膜腺癌 (G1腺癌) の質的判定基準を設定するため, 腺腫性増殖症55検体, G1腺癌55検体, および正常体内膜40検体を用い,(1) 乳頭状・樹枝状細胞集塊の出現率および出現個数,(2) 樹枝状集塊中にみられるstromal Aの束の層数およびその分岐について検討し, 以下の結果を得た.1) 乳頭状細胞集塊は腺腫性増殖症, G1腺癌ともに全検体に認められ, 1検体平均の出現個数はそれぞれ77.1個, 141.5個であった.樹枝状細胞集塊は腺腫性増殖症55検体中8検体, G1腺癌55検体中48検体に認められ, 平均出現個数はそれぞれ0.2個, 11.6個であった.正常体内膜においては, 乳頭状集塊は40検体中14検体に平均1.1個みられたが, 樹枝状集塊は1検体にも認められなかった.3) stromal Aの一次分岐は, 腺腫性増殖症では1検体平均0.1ヵ所にみられたのみで, 二次以降の分岐は認められなかった。一方, G1腺癌では一次分岐は平均5.0ヵ所に認められ, 二次以降の分岐も平均1.1ヵ所に認められた.以上, 内膜細胞診においては乳頭状・樹枝状集塊の有無, 集塊内のstromal Aの観察が重要であることが示唆された.

体内膜細胞診における腺腫性増殖症と高分化型体内膜腺癌の質的判定基準を設定するため, 全面掻爬による組織診で確認された腺腫性増殖症15症例26検体, 術後の組織診で確認された高分化型体内膜腺癌16症例26検体を用い, 細胞集塊の形態および構造について検討を行い, 以下の結果を得た.1) 樹枝状細胞集塊は腺腫性増殖症では3.8%にみられたのみであったのに対し, G1腺癌においては73.1%に認められた.乳頭状細胞集塊は腺腫性増殖症, G1腺癌ともに全例に認められた.2) 集塊内腺腔の密な検体は, 腺腫性増殖症で23.1%, G1腺癌で84.6%であった.3) 腺腔のback to backは腺腫性増殖症で23.1%, G1腺癌では88.5%に認められた.4) 腺腔内乳頭状増殖は, 腺腫性増殖症では34.6%, G1腺癌では84.6%に認められた.以上より腺腫性増殖症とG1腺癌の細胞学的判定には, 乳頭状細胞集塊および樹枝状細胞集塊の有無, およびそれらの構造異型を観察することが重要であると考えた.

In order to clarify the diagnostic differentiation between breast cancer and intraductal pappiloma, 58 patients with nipple discharge, who underwent contrast mammography (galactography) followed by histological examination, were retrospectively studied. The galactography findings were classified into the following five types: 1) an intraductal filling defect, 2) an intracystic filling defect, 3) an occlusion of the duct, 4) an occlusion of the duct and revisualization of the peripheral duct, 5) an occlusion, revisualization of the peripheral duct and extravasation into the breast parenchyma. A differential diagnosis between benign and malignancy was difficult in cases of type 1, 2 and 4. In cases of type 3, fine calcifications and tumor shadows were clues leading to the differential diagnosis. Type 5 had characteristic features of malignancy.It is clarified that galactography findings including an occlusion, revisualization of the peripheral duct and extravasation into the breast parenchyma strongly indicate a possible malignancy.

OBJECTIVE: To establish qualitative criteria for diagnosing complex hyperplasia, complex atypical hyperplasia and well-differentiated adenocarcinoma in endometrial cytology. STUDY DESIGN: The frequency of appearance of papillary and arborescent cell clusters and the morphology of type A stromal bundles in arborescent cell clusters were examined in 59 samples of complex hyperplasia, 23 of complex atypical hyperplasia, 77 of well-differentiated adenocarcinoma and 40 of normal endometrium. RESULTS: Papillary cell clusters were observed in all samples of hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma. The rate of observation of arborescent cell clusters increased proportionately to the progress from complex hyperplasia to complex atypical hyperplasia to well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. No arborescent cell clusters were found in normal endometrium. Primary branching and the number of layers of type A stromal bundles also increased with the progress toward complex hyperplasia and well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. Secondary and further branching was observed in large numbers in cases of adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSION: For detection of complex hyperplasia or lesions beyond it in endometrial cytology, it is important to observe the presence of papillary clusters. For differentiation of the various lesions, it is important to observe the presence of arborescent clusters as well as type A stromata inside the clusters.

Three cases with long-standing foreign bodies obstructing the bronchus or esophagus were reported. The clinical features were compared with those reported by Ono who made a nationwide statistical analysis of foreign bodies and, as a result, a marked similarity was found between the two studies. It was pointed out that long-standing obstruction of the bronchus or esophagus due to foreign bodies could cause severe complications necessitating a major surgical approach such as thoracotomy.

硬癌ならびに小葉癌における細胞学的特徴を明確にすることを目的に, 狭義の硬癌15例, 混合型硬癌20例, 浸潤性小葉癌3例, および対照として良性腫瘍20例 (線維腺腫5例, 乳管内乳頭腫15例) の捺印細胞標本を用いて, 核長径の計測, 核小体所見の比較, 核DNA量の測定を行った.1. 核長径の平均値は狭義の硬癌で9.7μ, 混合型硬癌で10.0μ, 小葉癌で9.0μ, 良性腫瘍で9.4μであった. 15μ以上の大型核は良性腫瘍や小葉癌ではほとんどみられなかったが, 硬癌, 特に混合型硬癌でいくらか目立つ傾向にあった.2. 2.5μ以上ないし5個以上の核小体を有する細胞の出現率はそれぞれ, 狭義の硬癌で0.8, 0.1%, 混合型硬癌で1.0, 0.2%, 小葉癌で0.1, 0.03%, 良性腫瘍では0.3, 0.1%であった.3. 核DNA量については, 混合型硬癌ではモードの4倍体方向への移動, polyploid, aneuploidの細胞増加を示す症例が多数を占めた. 狭義の硬癌ではそのような症例が減少し, 小葉癌ではむしろ分散傾向に乏しく, 4倍体を越える細胞もわずかで, 良性例と類似したヒストグラムを呈した.

Heterotaxia is a transposition of the entire or a part of the internal organs in the form of the so-called reflecting position in a mirror. Heterotaxia is often combined with some malformations. The present case complained of dysphagia due to esophageal malformation which was revealed by clinical examinations using the X-ray movie technique. A discussion was made on the esophageal abnormality associated with heterotaxia, which has rarely been reported in literature.

YM式蓄痰固定液を用いた集細胞法を, 原発性肺癌患者82例について実施し, 陽性率および細胞像について検討を行った. 検体処理および標本作製方法は, YM液の入った蓄痰容器に早朝痰を3日間喀出させ, これを検体として遠心沈澱, 塗抹, 乾燥させ, 95%エチルアルコールで再固定後パパニコロウ染色を施して行った. また, 細胞の剥離防止のため, スライドグラスは0.1% poly-L-lysine coating処理したものを用いた.全体の陽性率は76.8%(63/82) で, 各組織型別に陽性率をみると, 扁平上皮癌87.1%(27/31), 腺癌64.7%(22/34), 小細胞癌86.7%(13/15), 大細胞癌50%(1/2) であった.また, 切除例34例について24例, 70.6%が陽性であった.臨床病期別の陽性率では, I期61.9%(13/21), II期87.5%(7/8), III期77.1%(27/35), IV期76.5%(13/17) であった. 気管支鏡検査を行った80症例についてみると, 気管支鏡にて腫瘍の所見が認められたものは83.0%(44/53), 無所見のものは59.3%(16/27) の陽性率であった.本法は手技が容易であり, 組織型の判定も十分可能で, かつ高い陽性率を期待できることから, 肺癌の喀痰細胞診法として集検施設はもちろんのこと, 一般医療機関でも積極的に取り入れる価値のあることが明らかになった.

乳頭分泌物細胞診で常に問題となる乳管内乳頭腫と乳癌の鑑別点を明らかにするため, 各々10症例の蓄乳細胞標本を用い,(1) 標本の背景,(2) 標本上に出現している細胞集塊の大きさと集塊数,(3) 細胞集塊の形態として, マリモ状集塊および対細胞の出現頻度, 集塊の構築細胞層数,(4) 細胞個々の所見として, 核長径, 核形, 核小体数, 核小体の大きさについて検索し, 以下の結果を得た.1) 血性背景は乳頭腫, 乳癌ともに全例に認められた.2) 細胞集塊数に関して, 乳癌は乳頭腫に比較し2.5倍相当の量が得られた. 特に乳癌では30個未満の細胞からなる小型集塊が多く認められた.3) マリモ状集塊は乳頭腫で50%, 乳癌で90%の症例に出現した. 一方, 対細胞は乳頭腫で60%, 乳癌では80%の症例に認められた. また, 細胞の構築層数については乳頭腫で平均2層, 乳癌で平均3.4層という結果が得られ, 良・悪性の問に明らかな差が認められた.4) 細胞個々の所見については, 面庖型を呈する乳癌を除くと, 乳頭腫と乳癌との問に顕著な差は認められなかった.

乳房検診のため過去2年間に東京都がん検診センター乳房科を訪れた3,719名の受診者中, 494名 (13.3%) に触診時乳頭分泌物が認められた.このうち通常の乳頭分泌物細胞診の結果再検の必要性を考えた120名 (3.2%) に対し, 蓄痰用固定液 (YM液) を応用して患者自身に3～5日分の乳頭分泌物を貯めさせる蓄乳法を行った。120症例の成績の内訳は, 陽性9.2%(11/120), 疑陽性2.5%(3/120), 陰性81.6%(98/120), 検体不良6.7%(8/120) であった.このうち, 病理組織診にて診断の確定している乳癌例は13例あり, この13例について従来よりの直接塗抹法と蓄乳法による細胞診成績を比較した. 直接塗抹法では, 陽性3例 (23.1%), 疑陽性3例 (23.1%), 陰性7例 (53.8%) であったのに対し, 蓄乳法では陽性8例 (61.5%), 疑陽性1例 (7.7%), 陰性4例 (30.8%) であった. また, 13例中TO乳癌が5例みられたが, 直接塗抹法では3例を, 蓄乳法では5例全例を陽性と判定できた。乳頭分泌物細胞診の手法に本法を取り入れることにより, 細胞の乾燥を防ぐとともに十分な細胞量を得ることができ, したがって従来の方法では誤陰性または疑陽性と判定の困難であった症例が減少するものと考えた.