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1. Intestinal Epithelial Inactivity of Dual Oxidase 2 Results in Microbiome-Mediated Metabolic SyndromeSummary

Author

Hajar Hazime, G. Michelle Ducasa, Ana M. Santander, Nivis Brito, Eddy E. González, Yuguang Ban, Jonathan Kaunitz, Yasutada Akiba, Irina Fernández, Juan F. Burgueño, and Maria T. Abreu

Subjects
Reactive Oxygen Species, Dyslipidemia, Intestinal Barrier Function, Dysbiosis, Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology, RC799-869
Abstract

Background & Aims: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by obesity, glucose intolerance, and hepatic steatosis. Alterations in the gut microbiome play important roles in the development of MetS. However, the mechanisms by which this occurs are poorly understood. Dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2) is an antimicrobial reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase expressed in the gut epithelium. Here, we posit that epithelial DUOX2 activity provides a mechanistic link between the gut microbiome and the development of MetS. Methods: Mice carrying an intestinal epithelial-specific deletion of dual oxidase maturation factor 1/2 (DA IEC-KO), and wild-type littermates were fed a standard diet and killed at 24 weeks. Metabolic alterations were determined by glucose tolerance, lipid tests, and body and organ weight measurements. DUOX2 activity was determined by Amplex Red. Intestinal permeability was determined by fluorescein isothiocyanate–dextran, microbial translocation assessments, and portal vein lipopolysaccharide measurements. Metagenomic analysis of the stool microbiome was performed. The role of the microbiome was assessed in antibiotic-treated mice. Results: DA IEC-KO males showed increased body and organ weights accompanied by glucose intolerance and increased plasma lipid and liver enzyme levels, and increased adiposity in the liver and adipose tissue. Expression of F4/80, CD68, uncoupling protein 1, carbohydrate response element binding protein, leptin, and adiponectin was altered in the liver and adipose tissue of DA IEC-KO males. DA IEC-KO males produced less epithelial H2O2, had altered relative abundance of Akkermansiaceae and Lachnospiraceae in stool, and showed increased portal vein lipopolysaccharides and intestinal permeability. Females were protected from barrier defects and MetS, despite producing less H2O2. Antibiotic depletion abrogated all MetS phenotypes observed. Conclusions: Intestinal epithelial inactivity of DUOX2 promotes MetS in a microbiome-dependent manner.

Published
2023
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2. Excess iodine exposure acutely increases salivary iodide and antimicrobial hypoiodous acid concentrations in humans

Author

Yasutada Akiba, Angela M. Leung, Muhammad-Tariq Bashir, Ramin Ebrahimi, Jesse W. Currier, Natalia Neverova, and Jonathan D. Kaunitz

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract The lactoperoxidase (LPO)-hydrogen peroxide-halides reaction (LPO system) converts iodide and thiocyanate (SCN−) into hypoiodous acid (HOI) and hypothiocyanite (OSCN−), respectively. Since this system has been implicated in defense of the airways and oropharynx from microbial invasion, in this proof-of-concept study we measured the concentrations of these analytes in human saliva from a convenience clinical sample of 40 qualifying subjects before and after acute iodine administration via the iodinated contrast medium used in coronary angiography to test the hypothesis that an iodide load increases salivary iodide and HOI concentrations. Saliva was collected and salivary iodide, SCN−, HOI and OSCN− were measured using standard methodology. The large iodine load delivered by the angiographic dye, several 100-fold in excess of the U.S. Recommended Daily Allowance for iodine (150 µg/day), significantly increased salivary iodide and HOI levels compared with baseline levels, whereas there was no significant change in salivary SCN− and OSCN− levels. Iodine load and changes of salivary iodide and HOI levels were positively correlated, suggesting that higher iodide in the circulation increases iodide output and salivary HOI production. This first of its kind study suggests that a sufficient but safe iodide supplementation less than the Tolerable Upper Limit for iodine set by the U.S. Institute of Medicine (1,100 µg/day) may augment the generation of antimicrobial HOI by the salivary LPO system in concentrations sufficient to at least in theory protect the host against susceptible airborne microbial pathogens, including enveloped viruses such as coronaviruses and influenza viruses.

Published
2022
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3. Iodine contrast exposure and incident COVID-19 infection

Author

Karen Tsai, Kosuke Inoue, Michael McClean, Jonathan D. Kaunitz, Yasutada Akiba, Martin L. Lee, Natalia V. Neverova, Jesse W. Currier, Ramin Ebrahimi, Muhammad T. Bashir, and Angela M. Leung

Subjects
COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Veterans, iodine, iodinated contrast, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

BackgroundIodine and particularly its oxidated forms have long been recognized for its effective antiseptic properties. Limited in vitro and in vivo data suggest that iodine exposure may rapidly inactivate, reduce transmission, and reduce infectivity of SARS-CoV-2. We hypothesized that iodine exposure may be associated with decreased incident COVID-19 infection.MethodsA retrospective population-level cohort analysis was performed of the U.S. Veterans Health Administration between 1 March 2020 and 31 December 2020, before the widespread availability of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Multivariable logistic regression models estimated the adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the associations between iodinated contrast exposure and incident COVID-19 infection, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, place of residence, socioeconomic status, and insurance status.Results530,942 COVID-19 tests from 333,841 Veterans (mean ± SD age, 62.7 ± 15.2 years; 90.2% men; 61.9% non-Hispanic Whites) were analyzed, of whom 9% had received iodinated contrast ≤60 days of a COVID-19 test. Iodine exposure was associated with decreased incident COVID-19 test positivity (OR, 0.75 95% CI, 0.71–0.78). In stratified analyses, the associations between iodinated contrast use and decreased COVID-19 infection risk did not differ by age, sex, and race/ethnicity.ConclusionIodine exposure may be protective against incident COVID-19 infection. Weighed against the risks of supraphysiologic iodine intake, dietary, and supplemental iodine nutrition not to exceed its Tolerable Upper Limit may confer an antimicrobial benefit against SARS-CoV-2. A safe but antimicrobial level of iodine supplementation may be considered in susceptible individuals, particularly in geographic regions where effective COVID-19 vaccines are not yet readily available.

Published
2022
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4. Recent advances in vasoactive intestinal peptide physiology and pathophysiology: focus on the gastrointestinal system [version 1; peer review: 4 approved]

Author

Mari Iwasaki, Yasutada Akiba, and Jonathan D Kaunitz

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), a gut peptide hormone originally reported as a vasodilator in 1970, has multiple physiological and pathological effects on development, growth, and the control of neuronal, epithelial, and endocrine cell functions that in turn regulate ion secretion, nutrient absorption, gut motility, glycemic control, carcinogenesis, immune responses, and circadian rhythms. Genetic ablation of this peptide and its receptors in mice also provides new insights into the contribution of VIP towards physiological signaling and the pathogenesis of related diseases. Here, we discuss the impact of VIP on gastrointestinal function and diseases based on recent findings, also providing insight into its possible therapeutic application to diabetes, autoimmune diseases and cancer.

Published
2019
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5. Adolescent is more susceptible to tuft cell hyperplasia with increased mast cell infiltration and enhanced FFA2/5-HT mediated anion secretion in mouse duodenum and jejunum

Author

Suguru Ito, Yasutada Akiba, and Jonathan Kaunitz

Subjects
Physiology
Abstract

Though one of the primary functions of intestinal tuft cells us the sensing of the luminal content, the contribution of tuft cells to epithelial secretion has not been previously studied. We have found that in adult mice, induced tuft cell hyperplasia enhances the secretory responses to luminal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) due to increased jejunal cholinergic signaling, whereas mast cell-mediated serotonergic signaling is predominant in the duodenum. Since mast cell density is higher in children with functional dyspepsia (FD) than in adults, we hypothesized that mast cell density and 5-HT signals may be increased by tuft cell hyperplasia more in adolescent (7-week-old; 7 wk) than in adult mice (15-week-old; 15 wk). Tuft cell hyperplasia was induced by oral sodium succinate (NaSuc, 100 mM) in the drinking water for 7 days in 7 wk or 15 wk mice, then assessed at 8 or 16 wk (8 w/16 w). Using Ussing chambers mounted with muscle-stripped mouse proximal duodenum or jejunum, the succinate receptor agonist cis-epoxy succinic acid (cESA, 1-30 mM) was applied to the mucosal bath whereas the selective free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFA2) agonist 4-CMTB (10 μM) was added to the serosal bath. Tuft cell doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1), mast cell protease 1 (MCPT1), and tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1/5-HT), used to measure tuft cell, mast cell, and enterochromaffin (EC) cell density, respectively, were assessed by real-time PCR and immunostaining.NaSuc treatment significantly increased the number of DCLK1-positive tuft cells and MCPT1-positive mast cells with no change in EC cell density in the duodenal and jejunal villi; density was higher at 8 w than at 16 w. mRNA expression of DCLK1 was increased in the duodenal and jejunal mucosa at both ages, whereas MCPT1, TPH1 and FFA2 were increased in both mucosæ at 8 w, but choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) was increased in the jejunal mucosa at 16 w. Luminal cESA increased atropine-inhibitable Isc in the jejunal mucosa, whereas 4-CMTB increased 5-HT3/5-HT4-mediated duodenal Isc. The Isc response to cESA in jejunum was enhanced at 16 w, whereas the response to 4-CMTB was enhanced at 8 w.These results suggest that NaSuc differentially enhances secretory responses, with jejunal serotonergic signals predominating at 8 w and cholinergic signals at 16 w. These data suggest that younger mice are more susceptible to tuft cell hyperplasia with resultant enhanced 5-HT signals with mast cell infiltration, consistent with clinical data. Supported by VA Merit Review This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Published
2023

8. Proton Pump Inhibitors Prevent Gastric Antral Ulcers Induced by NSAIDs via Activation of Capsaicin-Sensitive Afferent Nerves in Mice

Author

Tetsuro Urushidani, Yasutada Akiba, and Hiroshi Satoh

Subjects
Physiology, business.industry, medicine.drug_class, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Gastroenterology, Lansoprazole, Proton-pump inhibitor, Pharmacology, digestive system diseases, Famotidine, Ranitidine, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, chemistry, Capsaicin, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, medicine, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, business, Capsazepine, Histamine, Omeprazole, medicine.drug
Abstract

We examined the effects of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) on gastric antral ulcers induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in re-fed mice and the role of capsaicin-sensitive afferent nerves (CSANs) in the protective effects of PPIs on the antral mucosa. Male mice were administered indomethacin after 2 h of re-feeding of diet after a 24-h fast, and gastric lesions were examined 24 h after indomethacin dosing. The effects of PPIs (lansoprazole and omeprazole), histamine H2-receptor antagonists (H2-RAs, famotidine, ranitidine), capsaicin and misoprostol on the formation of antral ulcers induced by indomethacin were examined. Functional ablation of CSANs was caused by pretreatment of mice with a high dose of capsaicin. Indomethacin produced lesions selectively in the gastric antrum in re-fed conditions. Formation of antral ulcers was not affected by H2-RAs, but inhibited by PPIs, capsaicin and misoprostol. The anti-ulcer effect of lansoprazole was 30 times stronger than that of omeprazole. Antral ulcers induced by indomethacin were markedly aggravated in mice with ablated CSANs. The effects of PPIs and capsaicin on ulcer formation were inhibited by ablation of CSANs, pretreatment with a capsaicin receptor antagonist (capsazepine/ruthenium red) and an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis (L-NAME). However, the inhibitory effect of misoprostol was not prevented by the ablation of CSANs or drugs. The results suggested that CSANs play an important role in protection of the antral mucosa and that both lansoprazole and omeprazole are capable of preventing NSAID-induced antral ulcers by activating CSANs.

Published
2020

9. GLP-2 Acutely Prevents Endotoxin-Related Increased Intestinal Paracellular Permeability in Rats

Author

Takeshi Takajo, Ikuo Kato, Hyder Said, Yasutada Akiba, Jonathan D. Kaunitz, Koji Maruta, Emi Irie, and Atsukazu Kuwahara

Subjects
Lipopolysaccharides, Male, Time Factors, Lipopolysaccharide, Physiology, Vasoactive intestinal peptide, Pharmacology, Small, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Intestine, Small, Glucagon-Like Peptide 2, Portal Vein, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Gastroenterology, Teduglutide, Dextrans, Hematology, Proglucagon, Receptor antagonist, Intestine, 5.1 Pharmaceuticals, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Paracellular transport, Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 Receptor, Intestinal paracellular permeability, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Development of treatments and therapeutic interventions, Inflammation Mediators, Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate, medicine.drug_class, Clinical Sciences, Article, Permeability, Proinflammatory cytokine, Vaccine Related, 03 medical and health sciences, Biodefense, medicine, Animals, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Animal, Prevention, Antagonist, Nitric oxide, Endotoxemia, Rats, Disease Models, Animal, Intestinal Absorption, chemistry, Disease Models, Sprague-Dawley, Peptides
Abstract

BackgroundCirculating endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) increases the gut paracellular permeability. We hypothesized that glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) acutely reduces LPS-related increased intestinal paracellular permeability by a mechanism unrelated to its intestinotrophic effect.MethodsWe assessed small intestinal paracellular permeability in vivo by measuring the appearance of intraduodenally perfused FITC-dextran 4000 (FD4) into the portal vein (PV) in rats 1-24h after LPS treatment (5mg/kg, ip). We also examined the effect of a stable GLP-2 analog teduglutide (TDG) on FD4 permeability.ResultsFD4 movement into the PV was increased 6h, but not 1 or 3h after LPS treatment, with increased PV GLP-2 levels and increased mRNA expressions of proinflammatory cytokines and proglucagon in the ileal mucosa. Co-treatment with a GLP-2 receptor antagonist enhanced PV FD4 concentrations. PV FD4 concentrations 24h after LPS were higher than FD4 concentrations 6h after LPS, reduced by exogenous GLP-2 treatment given 6 or 12h after LPS treatment. FD4 uptake measured 6h after LPS was reduced by TDG 3 or 6h after LPS treatment. TDG-associated reduced FD4 uptake was reversed by the VPAC1 antagonist PG97-269 or L-NAME, not by EGF or IGF1 receptor inhibitors.ConclusionsSystemic LPS releases endogenous GLP-2, reducing LPS-related increased permeability. The therapeutic window of exogenous GLP-2 administration is at minimum within 6-12h after LPS treatment. Exogenous GLP-2 treatment is of value in the prevention of increased paracellular permeability associated with endotoxemia.

Published
2020

10. Duodenal cholinergic tuft cell number is increased in functional dyspepsia

Author

Xinyi Huang, Tadayuki Oshima, Yasutada Akiba, Takanori Yoshimoto, Junji Chen, Masato Taki, Toshihiko Tomita, Hirokazu Fukui, Jonathan D. Kaunitz, and Hiroto Miwa

Subjects
Endocrine and Autonomic Systems, Physiology, Duodenum, Gastroenterology, Cholinergic Agents, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Cell Count, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Choline O-Acetyltransferase, Doublecortin-Like Kinases, Humans, RNA, Messenger, Dyspepsia, Biomarkers
Abstract

Low-grade duodenal inflammation has recently been identified in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD). Chemosensory tuft cells were reported to be associated with gastrointestinal diseases. We therefore assessed duodenal tuft cell density and microinflammation in patients with FD to determine whether these measures could serve as useful biomarkers, and also correlated tuft cell density and microinflammation in FD patients.Duodenal biopsy specimens were obtained from patients with FD and from controls. Tuft cells, eosinophils, and mast cells were immunochemically stained with specific antibodies. Tuft cells were identified by immunostaining for doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1); cholinergic tuft cells were assessed by double staining for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and DCLK1. Immune-type tuft cells were assessed by IL-25 mRNA expression using real-time PCR.The density of intramucosal eosinophils and mast cells was significantly higher in the duodenum of FD patients than in controls. The density of tuft cells was significantly higher in the duodenum of FD patients compared with controls, and significantly correlated with eosinophil density in the duodenum of FD patients and controls. Moreover, a fraction of ChAT-positive cells was DCLK1 positive; all duodenal DCLK1+ tuft cells were ChAT-immunoreactive in FD and in control subjects.Cholinergic tuft cell density was higher in the duodenum of patients with FD and significantly correlated with eosinophil density. Further studies are needed to investigate the pathophysiological significance of tuft cells in FD and may provide valuable clues to the pathophysiology of FD.

Published
2022

12. Excess iodine exposure acutely increases salivary iodide and antimicrobial hypoiodous acid concentrations in humans

Author

Yasutada, Akiba, Angela M, Leung, Muhammad-Tariq, Bashir, Ramin, Ebrahimi, Jesse W, Currier, Natalia, Neverova, and Jonathan D, Kaunitz

Subjects
Anti-Infective Agents, Humans, Iodides, Coronary Angiography, United States, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Iodine
Abstract

The lactoperoxidase (LPO)-hydrogen peroxide-halides reaction (LPO system) converts iodide and thiocyanate (SCN

Published
2021

13. Deficient Active Transport Activity in Healing Mucosa After Mild Gastric Epithelial Damage

Author

Marshall H. Montrose, Andrea L. Matthis, Yasutada Akiba, Kristen A. Engevik, Izumi Kaji, Jonathan D. Kaunitz, and Eitaro Aihara

Subjects
Male, Time Factors, Physiology, Hypertonic Solutions, Sodium Chloride, Inbred C57BL, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Re-Epithelialization, Gastric, Electric Impedance, TFF2, Acetic Acid, Ussing chamber, Mice, Knockout, education.field_of_study, Photodamage, Chemistry, Stomach, NHE2, Gastroenterology, Trefoil factor 2, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Trefoil Factor-2, medicine.medical_specialty, Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers, Knockout, Intracellular pH, Clinical Sciences, Biological Transport, Active, digestive system, Article, Epithelial Damage, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, medicine, Gastric mucosa, Animals, Humans, Stomach Ulcer, education, Actin, Ulcer, Wound Healing, Mucous Membrane, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Animal, Epithelial Cells, Epithelium, Confocal microscopy, Epithelial cell, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Disease Models, Animal, Endocrinology, Gastric Mucosa, Disease Models, Tonicity, Digestive Diseases, Repair
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Peptic ulcers recur, suggesting that ulcer healing may leave tissue predisposed to subsequent damage. In mice, we have identified that the regenerated epithelium found after ulcer healing will remain abnormal for months after healing. AIM: To determine whether healed gastric mucosa has altered epithelial function, as measured by electrophysiologic parameters. METHOD: Ulcers were induced in mouse gastric corpus by serosal local application of acetic acid. Thirty days or 8 months after ulcer induction, tissue was mounted in an Ussing chamber. Transepithelial electrophysiologic parameters (short-circuit current, I(sc). resistance, R) were compared between the regenerated healed ulcer region and the non-ulcerated contralateral region, in response to luminal hyperosmolar NaCl challenge (0.5 M). RESULTS: In unperturbed stomach, luminal application of hyperosmolar NaCl transiently dropped I(sc) followed by gradual recovery over 2 h. Compared to the starting baseline I(sc), percent I(sc) recovery was reduced in 30-day healing mucosa, but not at 8 months. Prior to NaCl challenge, a lower baseline I(sc) was observed in trefoil factor 2 (TFF2) knockout (KO) versus wild type (WT), with no I(sc) recovery in either non-ulcerated or healing mucosa of KO. Inhibiting Na/H exchanger (NHE) transport in WT mucosa inhibited I(sc) recovery in response to luminal challenge. NHE2-KO baseline I(sc) was reduced versus NHE2-WT. In murine gastric organoids, NHE inhibition slowed recovery of intracellular pH and delayed the repair of photic induced damage. CONCLUSION: Healing gastric mucosa has deficient electrophysiological recovery in response to hypertonic NaCl. TFF2 and NHE2 contribute to I(sc) regulation, and the recovery and healing of transepithelial function.

Published
2019

14. Adenylyl Cyclase 6 Expression Is Essential for Cholera Toxin–Induced Diarrhea

Author

Robert A. Fenton, Timo Rieg, Jonathan D. Kaunitz, Yasutada Akiba, Tina Bøgelund Kristensen, Søren Brandt Poulsen, Jessica A Dominguez Rieg, Sathish K. Murali, and Izumi Kaji

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator, Inbred C57BL, medicine.disease_cause, Medical and Health Sciences, Adenylyl cyclase, Mice, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Cholera, Intestinal mucosa, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Immunology and Allergy, Aetiology, Lung, Ussing chamber, Mice, Knockout, Forskolin, biology, Cholera toxin, Biological Sciences, Foodborne Illness, Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, Infectious Diseases, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Knockout mouse, Adenylyl Cyclases, Diarrhea, Cholera Toxin, medicine.medical_specialty, Knockout, Microbiology, Cystic fibrosis, 03 medical and health sciences, Rare Diseases, cAMP, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Cyclic adenosine monophosphate, Secretion, Colforsin, Epithelial Cells, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Good Health and Well Being, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, chemistry, biology.protein, Digestive Diseases
Abstract

BackgroundCholera toxin (CT)–induced diarrhea is mediated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)–mediated active Cl– secretion via the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Although the constitutive activation of adenylyl cyclase (AC) in response to CT is due to adenosine diphosphate ribosylation of the small G protein α-subunit activating CFTR with consequent secretory diarrhea, the AC isoform(s) involved remain unknown.MethodsWe generated intestinal epithelial cell–specific adenylyl cyclase 6 (AC6) knockout mice to study its role in CT-induced diarrhea.ResultsAC6 messenger RNA levels were the highest of all 9 membrane-bound AC isoforms in mouse intestinal epithelial cells. Intestinal epithelial-specific AC6 knockout mice (AC6loxloxVillinCre) had undetectable AC6 levels in small intestinal and colonic epithelial cells. No significant differences in fluid and food intake, plasma electrolytes, intestinal/colon anatomy and morphology, or fecal water content were observed between genotypes. Nevertheless, CT-induced fluid accumulation in vivo was completely absent in AC6loxloxVillinCre mice, associated with a lack of forskolin- and CT-induced changes in the short-circuit current (ISC) of the intestinal mucosa, impaired cAMP generation in acutely isolated small intestinal epithelial cells, and significantly impaired apical CFTR levels in response to forskolin.ConclusionsAC6 is a novel target for the treatment of CT-induced diarrhea.

Published
2019

15. DUOX2 variants associate with preclinical disturbances in microbiota-immune homeostasis and increased inflammatory bowel disease risk

Author

Gilbert S. Omenn, Min Zhang, Sho Kitamoto, John Y. Kao, Mohamad El-Zaatari, Ryan W. Stidham, Yael Haberman, Jonathan D. Kaunitz, Lea S. Garzotto, Yasutada Akiba, Helmut Grasberger, Andrew T. Magis, Guoqing Hou, Lee A. Denson, Elisa Sheng, Nobuhiko Kamada, Shrinivas Bishu, Subra Kugathasan, Matthew P. Conomos, and Hiroko Nagao-Kitamoto

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, digestive system, Inflammatory bowel disease, Isozyme, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Genetic variation, medicine, Animals, Homeostasis, Humans, Gene, Mice, Knockout, NADPH oxidase, Innate immune system, biology, business.industry, Interleukin-17, Case-control study, Genetic Variation, General Medicine, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, medicine.disease, Dual Oxidases, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, HEK293 Cells, 030104 developmental biology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Immunology, Commentary, biology.protein, Female, business
Abstract

A primordial gut-epithelial innate defense response is the release of hydrogen peroxide by dual NADPH oxidase (DUOX). In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a condition characterized by an imbalanced gut microbiota-immune homeostasis, DUOX2 isoenzyme is the highest induced gene. Performing multiomic analyses using 2872 human participants of a wellness program, we detected a substantial burden of rare protein-altering DUOX2 gene variants of unknown physiologic significance. We identified a significant association between these rare loss-of-function variants and increased plasma levels of interleukin-17C, which is induced also in mucosal biopsies of patients with IBD. DUOX2-deficient mice replicated increased IL-17C induction in the intestine, with outlier high Il17c expression linked to the mucosal expansion of specific Proteobacteria pathobionts. Integrated microbiota/host gene expression analyses in patients with IBD corroborated IL-17C as a marker for epithelial activation by gram-negative bacteria. Finally, the impact of DUOX2 variants on IL-17C induction provided a rationale for variant stratification in case control studies that substantiated DUOX2 as an IBD risk gene. Thus, our study identifies an association of deleterious DUOX2 variants with a preclinical hallmark of disturbed microbiota-immune homeostasis that appears to precede the manifestation of IBD.

Published
2021

20. Measurement of jet-medium interactions via direct photon-hadron correlations in Au+Au and d+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV

Author

Atsushi Takahara, K. A. Drees, A. V. Kazantsev, C. M. Camacho, Gary Grim, R. S. Towell, Prashant Shukla, Dmitry Blau, K. V. Dharmawardane, L. Tomášek, S. F. Pate, Ke. Nakamura, P. Mikeš, Y. Nakamiya, D. Lynch, H. Al-Bataineh, J. A. Key, J. Klatsky, P. Tarján, G. Baksay, J. B. Choi, L. Patel, I. Tserruya, S. Tarafdar, J. Hanks, S. Motschwiller, D. Ivanishchev, B. Voas, V. Papavassiliou, R. S. Hollis, C. E. Perezlara, E. P. Hartouni, V. Singh, H. Asano, T. C. Awes, E. Vazquez-Zambrano, E. J. Desmond, A. Hodges, Kyoichiro Ozawa, T. Liška, Jun Kikuchi, Z. Sun, A. Yu. Semenov, M. Rosati, D. Kawall, Yuhei Morino, A. Nederlof, T. Murakami, E. M. Takagui, Eva Haslum, K. O. Eyser, Y. Onuki, Y. Imazu, Shoichi Hasegawa, S. Choi, T. Niida, S. P. Stoll, A. Sen, V. S. Pantuev, M. Sano, A. Lebedev, A. Rakotozafindrabe, Jan Rak, R. Lacey, M. Sarsour, Mate Csanad, Tomoya Tsuji, M. Mendoza, S. N. White, L. Zou, J. G. Lajoie, Deepa Thomas, K. Tanida, J. Hamblen, M. Nihashi, M. Skolnik, S. I. Morrow, S. Baumgart, S. Bathe, R. Granier de Cassagnac, Charles Maguire, Kenjiro Miki, Bruno Lenzi, N. Crossette, R. P. Pisani, Tamás Csörgő, U. Acharya, M. McCumber, P. Garg, S. Sawada, Masamichi Ishihara, A. Glenn, P. V. Radzevich, A. Ster, Y. Fukao, B. Azmoun, Y. J. Mao, M. Kawashima, Hiromi Iinuma, T. Hester, E. Kistenev, B. Ujvari, M. Kasai, N. A. Sparks, J. Ying, J. Runchey, A. Isinhue, N. Grau, H. Qu, M. Leitgab, Shuo Han, Eunja Kim, Motoi Inaba, J. C. Hill, Minghui Liu, R. M. Wright, Sung Keun Park, C. Baumann, Zvi Hirsh Citron, S. Yokkaichi, P. Lichtenwalner, Kensuke Homma, E. Richardson, Senta Greene, P. Rosnet, K. Fujiwara, H. Obayashi, Y. Tsuchimoto, A. Berdnikov, J. Newby, Hideki Hamagaki, W. Fan, K. Aoki, M. Vargyas, G. David, T. Todoroki, Y. Iwanaga, K. Das, K. Nakano, M. Heffner, Kenneth Francis Read, N. N. Ajitanand, K. Okada, Gerd Joachim Kunde, D. Richford, S. Taneja, H. Van Hecke, K. B. Kim, J. Alexander, Y. L. Yamaguchi, Frank Ellinghaus, B. Bassalleck, K. Karatsu, K. I. Hahn, B. Sahlmueller, H. A. Gustafsson, A. Král, S. Kametani, H. En'yo, Alexander Milov, I. Nakagawa, R. Luechtenborg, A. A. Vinogradov, S. P. Whitaker, A. Caringi, M. J. Leitch, I. Shein, E. Leitner, M. Patel, N. Ramasubramanian, T. Ichihara, Y. Ikeda, Takahiro Nakamura, M. Konno, H. Pei, Y. Hori, Anne Marie Sickles, H. Themann, K. Gainey, Young-Ki Kim, T. Engelmore, N. Novitzky, O. Drapier, C. P. Singh, K. Sedgwick, J. Midori, I. Younus, V. Borisov, Peter Christiansen, J. S. Bok, B. M. Johnson, P. Kline, K. S. Lee, A. Dion, E. O'Brien, Paul Constantin, M. Grosse Perdekamp, J. Huang, Bum-Hoon Lee, E. J. Mannel, T. Rinn, J. T. Mitchell, R. Seidl, G. R. Young, I. E. Yushmanov, A. Taranenko, W. E. Sondheim, E. R. Kinney, D. P. Morrison, Vladislav Manko, S. Campbell, B. H. Kang, S. Wolin, B. Blankenship, Susumu Oda, R. Akimoto, Jiangyong Jia, Y. Goto, N. Kamihara, T. Horaguchi, Mihael Makek, X. Jiang, C. Pinkenburg, N. A. Lewis, M. K. Dayananda, Aram Kim, F. Matathias, T. W. Jones, Filip Krizek, H. J. Kim, Vladimir Samsonov, Tatsuya Chujo, K. Dehmelt, S. R. P. Mohapatra, C. Zhang, A. Durum, Dillon Scott Fitzgerald, Iu. Mitrankov, T. Kempel, V. Canoa Roman, P. Chung, S. K. Park, P. Liebing, M. Wysocki, Jen-Chieh Peng, P. Ružička, A. Kiss, Byoungchoo Park, A. Isupov, B. Bannier, K. S. Sim, Christine Nattrass, A. Garishvili, J. Imrek, Y. Gu, K. Boyle, P. A. Rukoyatkin, M. Stepanov, G. Roche, P. Steinberg, D. Kleinjan, M. S. Ryu, D. Reynolds, S. Belikov, K. S. Joo, Torsten Dahms, K. Yamaura, M. Potekhin, C. Oakley, A. Drees, Henner Buesching, R. Yang, I. V. Sourikova, C. Vale, J. Sziklai, Steve Edwards, Yu. Efremenko, D. K. Mishra, Inkyu Park, A. Meles, R. A. Soltz, Ajit Kumar Mohanty, T. A. Shibata, T. Sato, Xiong Wang, B. Love, Z. Conesa del Valle, M. Naglis, T. Majoros, K. L. Smith, Takahiro Fusayasu, J. H. Kang, Y. Miyachi, Dong Jo Kim, Alexander Malakhov, K. Imai, M. Proissl, J. S. Haggerty, S. R. Lee, C. L. Silva, D. H. Kim, Brian Cole, M. S. Daugherity, Alberica Toia, D. Isenhower, T. Moon, Viktor Riabov, Z. Ji, D. Winter, Hongfang Liu, D. E. Fields, N. Apadula, X. Gong, M. Chiu, D. Yu Peressounko, Dennis Perepelitsa, Taku Gunji, H. Gong, F. Kajihara, A. Veicht, A. Basye, A. Vossen, C. A. Ogilvie, Y. Tanaka, Jihyun Bhom, Qiao Xu, Y. J. Kwon, J. M. Durham, D. Silvermyr, Eun Joo Kim, I. Garishvili, O. Dietzsch, F. Wei, Ryugo S. Hayano, A. K. Purwar, Ferdinando Giordano, S. Butsyk, Y. Komatsu, Aaron Angerami, S. Zhou, E. T. Atomssa, Yoshifumi Ueda, J. H. Do, R. Esha, R. Petti, Kisung Lee, T. K. Hemmick, Bhawani Singh, Yasuo Miake, Y. Riabov, M. Javani, S. D. Rolnick, H. Valle, Susumu Sato, B. Mulilo, Tomofumi Nagae, J. L. Nagle, Yanjun Wu, K. Watanabe, Dipanwita Dutta, Nagahiro Saito, C. P. Wong, N. Riveli, S. Esumi, Y. S. Lai, L. A. Linden Levy, D. Sharma, C. Gal, J. S. Kang, R. Ichimiya, L. S. Zolin, S. W. Nam, W. J. Park, K. DeBlasio, Christopher Rosen, L. Kochenda, M. Issah, P. Castera, Kenta Shigaki, H. J. Moon, L. Baksay, M. Nguyen, M. Connors, W. A. Zajc, Julia Velkovska, A. Khatiwada, Y. Zhai, A. Iordanova, K. Shoji, J. Ide, J. Murata, V. Baublis, Yongsun Kim, Don McGlinchey, K. Sakashita, A. G. Litvinenko, D. Firak, Martin Purschke, C. A. Aidala, W. Peng, P. W. Stankus, B. Komkov, A. Denisov, Yuki Watanabe, V. Cianciolo, D. Kotov, L. Guo, Alexei Khanzadeev, Agneta Oskarsson, D. Kincses, Shinichi Masumoto, A. Yanovich, L. Bichon, E. Stenlund, D. Kotchetkov, S. Huang, A. S. Nyanin, M. Larionova, Animesh Datta, Sergey Fokin, C. Y. Chi, Y. Berdnikov, M. Moskowitz, S. S.E. Rosendahl, Rachid Nouicer, Tsutomu Mibe, M. A. L. Leite, G. Bunce, J.-G. Park, A. N. Zelenski, Y. Watanabe, S. H. Lee, Z. Fraenkel, N. Cronin, C. Silvestre, Yasutada Akiba, C. McKinney, M. Mishra, S. Nagamiya, R. K. Choudhury, D. Hornback, D. Jouan, Vaclav Vrba, Klaus Johannes Reygers, Astrid Morreale, Rui Wei, M. Kurosawa, S. H. Lim, S. Solano, T. V. Moukhanova, R. Belmont, B. Meredith, D. Larionova, Marisilvia Donadelli, J. S. Kapustinsky, A. Adare, V. Babintsev, B. Lewis, V. Bumazhnov, D. Black, M. Tomášek, John Wood, J. P. Wessels, J. Seele, G. S. Kyle, Alice Mignerey, L. D'Orazio, S. Miyasaka, A. Franz, M. Ouchida, S. Hayashi, N. Means, J. Jin, Byung-Sik Hong, A. Bazilevsky, H. A. Torii, B. Kurgyis, Toru Sugitate, Pawan Kumar Netrakanti, X. Sun, D. M. Lee, A. Kozlov, R. Seto, K. Kiriluk, François Fleuret, Takao Sakaguchi, R. Tanabe, Jason Kamin, B. Fadem, A. D. Frawley, X. He, J. Sun, Y. Aramaki, V. Peresedov, Robert Vertesi, Barbara Jacak, Rushan Han, Wesley James Metzger, W. Holzmann, J. Koster, Maya Hachiya Shimomura, Vardan Khachatryan, Y. I. Makdisi, H. Masui, A. A. Bickley, C. L. Woody, A. Mwai, Sándor Lökös, K. N. Barish, S. Zharko, S. Sano, M. L. Brooks, M. J. Tannenbaum, E. Tennant, S. Rembeczki, S. Dairaku, M. Virius, Manabu Togawa, C. H. Chen, A. Manion, I. Ravinovich, M. Bai, E. C. Aschenauer, J. D. Osborn, Inseok Yoon, Zhiying You, R. Bennett, T. L.T. Thomas, M. Finger, J. E. Frantz, Jongmin Lee, A. Enokizono, P. K. Khandai, A. Taketani, Priyanka Sett, D. S. Jumper, Makoto Oka, K. B. Lee, S. Nelson, L. Ding, D. Roach, K. M. Kijima, A. Pun, K. Hashimoto, Xingguo Li, M. Gonin, H. Al-Ta'Ani, A. Sukhanov, K. Kurita, H. Pereira, C. O. Kim, R. Pak, S. Kaneti, S. P. Sorensen, O. Chvala, Seong H. Kim, T. Hachiya, A. Kravitz, S. V. Afanasiev, H. Sako, M. I. Nagy, D. Watanabe, Marcus Hohlmann, M. D. Malik, E. Vznuzdaev, J. Bryslawskyj, I. Danchev, Beomkyu Kim, Wei Xie, A. Deshpande, I. J. Choi, B. Xia, Tadaaki Isobe, M. Slunečka, P. L. McGaughey, Ralf Peter Averbeck, and A. Nukariya

Subjects
Quark, Physics, Photon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory, Hadron, Nuclear matter, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Deuterium, Fragmentation (mass spectrometry), 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics
Abstract

We present direct photon-hadron correlations in 200 GeV/A Au+Au, d+Au, and p+p collisions, for direct photon pT from 5–12 GeV/c, collected by the PHENIX Collaboration in the years from 2006 to 2011. We observe no significant modification of jet fragmentation in d+Au collisions, indicating that cold nuclear matter effects are small or absent. Hadrons carrying a large fraction of the quark's momentum are suppressed in Au+Au compared to p+p and d+Au. As the momentum fraction decreases, the yield of hadrons in Au+Au increases to an excess over the yield in p+p collisions. The excess is at large angles and at low hadron pT and is most pronounced for hadrons associated with lower momentum direct photons. Comparison to theoretical calculations suggests that the hadron excess arises from medium response to energy deposited by jets.

Published
2020

22. Duodenal chemosensory system: enterocytes, enteroendocrine cells, and tuft cells

Author

Jonathan D. Kaunitz, Sayuri Hashimoto, and Yasutada Akiba

Subjects
Cell type, Lipopolysaccharide, Duodenum, Enteroendocrine Cells, Cell, Enteroendocrine cell, Biology, Article, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Intestinal Mucosa, Receptor, Gastroenterology, RNA, Epithelium, Cell biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Enterocytes, chemistry, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Taste, Gastric acid, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology
Abstract

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The gut barrier serves as the primary interface between the environment and host in terms of surface area and complexity. Luminal chemosensing is a term used to describe how small molecules in the gut lumen interact with the host through surface receptors or via transport into the subepithelial space. In this review, we have summarized recent advances in the understanding of the luminal chemosensory system in the gastroduodenal epithelium consisting of enterocytes, enteroendocrine, and tuft cells, with particular emphasis on how chemosensing affects mucosal protective responses and the metabolic syndrome. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent single cell RNA sequencing provides detailed cell type-specific expression of chemosensory receptors and other bioactive molecules as well cell lineages; some are similar to lingual taste cells whereas some are gut specific. Gut luminal chemosensing is not only important for the local or remote regulation of gut function, but also contributes to the systemic regulation of metabolism, energy balance, and food intake. We will discuss the chemosensory mechanisms of the proximal intestine, in particular to gastric acid, with a focus on the cell types and receptors involved in chemosensing, with emphasis on the rare chemosensory cells termed tuft cells. We will also discuss the chemosensory functions of intestinal ectoenzymes and bacterial components (e.g., lipopolysaccharide (LPS)) as well as how they affect mucosal function through altering the gut-hormonal-neural axis. SUMMARY: Recent updates in luminal chemosensing by different chemosensory cells have provided new possibilities for identifying novel molecular targets for the treatment of mucosal injury, metabolic disorders, and abnormal visceral sensation.

Published
2020

23. Lipopolysaccharides transport during fat absorption in rodent small intestine

Author

Ikuo Kato, Koji Maruta, Kazuyuki Narimatsu, Hyder Said, Jonathan D. Kaunitz, Yasutada Akiba, Atsukazu Kuwahara, and Takeshi Takajo

Subjects
Lipopolysaccharides, Male, Physiology, Fats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, chemistry.chemical_compound, Mice, Gastrointestinal Agents, In vivo, Physiology (medical), Intestine, Small, medicine, Animals, Humans, Transcellular, Fluorescein isothiocyanate, Hepatology, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Gastroenterology, Biological Transport, Molecular biology, Small intestine, Rats, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Toll-Like Receptor 4, medicine.anatomical_structure, HEK293 Cells, chemistry, Paracellular transport, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Lymph, Peptides, Intracellular, Chylomicron, Research Article
Abstract

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are potent pro-inflammatory molecules that enter the systemic circulation from the intestinal lumen by uncertain mechanisms. We investigated these mechanisms and the effect of exogenous glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) on LPS transport in the rodent small intestine. Transmucosal LPS transport was measured in Ussing-chambered rat jejunal mucosa. In anesthetized rats, the appearance of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-LPS into the portal vein (PV) and the mesenteric lymph was simultaneously monitored after intraduodenal perfusion of FITC-LPS with oleic acid and taurocholate (OA/TCA). In vitro, luminally applied LPS rapidly appeared in the serosal solution only with luminal OA/TCA present, inhibited by the lipid raft inhibitor methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) and the CD36 inhibitor sulfosuccinimidyl oleate (SSO), or by serosal GLP-2. In vivo, perfusion of FITC-LPS with OA/TCA rapidly increased FITC-LPS appearance into the PV, followed by a gradual increase of FITC-LPS into the lymph. Rapid PV transport was inhibited by the addition of MβCD or by SSO, whereas transport into the lymph was inhibited by chylomicron synthesis inhibition. Intraveous injection of the stable GLP-2 analog teduglutide acutely inhibited FITC-LPS transport into the PV, yet accelerated FITC-LPS transport into the lymph via N(ω)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME)- and PG97–269-sensitive mechanisms. In vivo confocal microscopy in mouse jejunum confirmed intracellular FITC-LPS uptake with no evidence of paracellular localization. This is the first direct demonstration in vivo that luminal LPS may cross the small intestinal barrier physiologically during fat absorption via lipid raft- and CD36-mediated mechanisms, followed by predominant transport into the PV, and that teduglutide inhibits LPS uptake into the PV in vivo. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We report direct in vivo confirmation of transcellular lipopolysaccharides (LPS) uptake from the intestine into the portal vein (PV) involving CD36 and lipid rafts, with minor uptake via the canonical chylomicron pathway. The gut hormone glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) inhibited uptake into the PV. These data suggest that the bulk of LPS absorption is via the PV to the liver, helping clarify the mechanism of LPS transport into the PV as part of the “gut-liver” axis. These data do not support the paracellular transport of LPS, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of the “leaky gut” syndrome.

Published
2020

24. Differences in fetal fractional limb volume changes in normal and gestational diabetic pregnancies: an exploratory observational study

Author

Satoru Ikenoue, Yasutada Akiba, Toyohide Endo, Kei Miyakoshi, Yoshifumi Kasuga, Mamoru Tanaka, Ryota Ishii, Daigo Ochiai, and Kazumi Yakubo

Subjects
Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, endocrine system diseases, Gestational Age, Ultrasonography, Prenatal, Fetal Development, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Fetus, Obstetrics and gynaecology, Japan, Pregnancy, medicine, Humans, Femur, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, Obstetrics, business.industry, Significant difference, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gestational age, Organ Size, Humerus, medicine.disease, Gestational diabetes, Diabetes, Gestational, Thigh, Arm, Gestation, Observational study, Limb volume, Female, Diaphyses, business
Abstract

OBJECTIVE Fetal fractional limb volume has been proposed as a useful measure for quantifying fetal soft tissue development. The aim of this study was to investigate the growth of fractional arm volume (AVol) and fractional thigh volume (TVol) of fetuses with maternal gestational diabetes (GDM) compared with those of fetuses with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). We hypothesised fetal fractional limb volume would be larger in the GDM group than in the NGT group in late gestation. DESIGN Exploratory observational study. SETTING Saitama Municipal Hospital. SAMPLE A total of 165 (125 NGT and 40 GDM) singleton Japanese pregnant women. METHODS AVol and TVol were assessed between 20 and 37 weeks' gestation as cylindrical limb volumes based on 50% of the fetal humeral or femoral diaphysis length. Women were diagnosed as GDM based on the criteria of the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES AVol and TVol were compared between women with NGT and those with GDM at each gestational age period (2-week intervals from 20 to 37 weeks' gestation). RESULTS Overall, 287 ultrasound scans were performed (NGT group, 205 scans; GDM group, 82 scans). There was no significant difference of AVol between the groups before 32 weeks' gestation. AVol was significantly larger in the GDM group than in the NGT group after 32 weeks' gestation (P

Published
2020

25. A Tribute to Paul H. Guth, MD (1927–2017)

Author

Yasutada Akiba and Jonathan D. Kaunitz

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Physiology, media_common.quotation_subject, Gastroenterology, MEDLINE, Historical Article, Tribute, Biography, Art, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Portrait, Transplant surgery, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Classics, media_common
Published
2018

27. Mid-trimester residual cervical length and the risk of preterm birth in pregnancies after abdominal radical trachelectomy: a retrospective analysis

Author

Mamoru Tanaka, Satoru Ikenoue, Naoaki Kuji, Kei Miyakoshi, Kyoko Tanaka, Tadashi Matsumoto, Yoshifumi Kasuga, Yasutada Akiba, Kazuhiro Minegishi, Daigo Ochiai, Toshimitsu Otani, Daisuke Aoki, Marie Fukutake, R Roberts, and Hiroshi Nishio

Subjects
Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Trachelectomy, medicine.medical_treatment, Population, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, Cervix Uteri, Residual, Ultrasonography, Prenatal, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Japan, Predictive Value of Tests, Pregnancy, Humans, Medicine, Cervical cerclage, education, Cervix, Cerclage, Cervical, Retrospective Studies, Gynecology, education.field_of_study, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, business.industry, Obstetrics, Infant, Newborn, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gestational age, Retrospective cohort study, Treatment Outcome, medicine.anatomical_structure, ROC Curve, Cervical Length Measurement, Pregnancy Trimester, Second, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Premature Birth, Gestation, Female, business, Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic
Abstract

Objective To investigate the association between mid-trimester residual cervical length (CL) and the risk of preterm birth in pregnancies after abdominal radical trachelectomy (RT). Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting University hospital. Population A total of 33 deliveries after 22 weeks’ gestation in 30 women who underwent abdominal RT including prophylactic cervical cerclage and perinatal care between January 2002 and May 2016. Methods The association between mid-trimester residual CL (the distance between the cerclage and the external cervical os) and gestational age at delivery was investigated. Receiver–operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was performed to estimate the optimal cut-off values of the mid-trimester residual CL for the prediction of preterm birth. Main outcome measures Preterm birth before 34 weeks’ gestation. Results Mid-trimester residual CL showed a significant correlation with gestational age at delivery (r = 0.36, P

Published
2017

28. Proton Pump Inhibitors Prevent Gastric Antral Ulcers Induced by NSAIDs via Activation of Capsaicin-Sensitive Afferent Nerves in Mice

Author

Hiroshi, Satoh, Yasutada, Akiba, and Tetsuro, Urushidani

Subjects
Male, Gastric Juice, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Indomethacin, Proton Pump Inhibitors, Disease Models, Animal, Mice, Gastric Emptying, Histamine H2 Antagonists, Gastric Mucosa, Pyloric Antrum, Animals, Lansoprazole, Neurons, Afferent, Stomach Ulcer, Capsaicin, Omeprazole
Abstract

We examined the effects of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) on gastric antral ulcers induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in re-fed mice and the role of capsaicin-sensitive afferent nerves (CSANs) in the protective effects of PPIs on the antral mucosa.Male mice were administered indomethacin after 2 h of re-feeding of diet after a 24-h fast, and gastric lesions were examined 24 h after indomethacin dosing. The effects of PPIs (lansoprazole and omeprazole), histamine HIndomethacin produced lesions selectively in the gastric antrum in re-fed conditions. Formation of antral ulcers was not affected by HThe results suggested that CSANs play an important role in protection of the antral mucosa and that both lansoprazole and omeprazole are capable of preventing NSAID-induced antral ulcers by activating CSANs.

Published
2019

29. Control of Intestinal Epithelial Proliferation and Differentiation: The Microbiome, Enteroendocrine L Cells, Telocytes, Enteric Nerves, and GLP, Too

Author

Jonathan D. Kaunitz and Yasutada Akiba

Subjects
Physiology, Cell growth, Enteroendocrine Cells, Cellular differentiation, Glucagon-Like Peptides, Gastroenterology, Cell Differentiation, Enteroendocrine cell, Proglucagon, Biology, Enteric Nervous System, Article, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Cell biology, Transplant surgery, Animals, Humans, Epithelial proliferation, Telocytes, Microbiome, Intestinal Mucosa, Cell Proliferation
Abstract

The original version of the article unfortunately contained an error in one of the sentences. The sentence, "Eventually, Dan Drucker in Pat Brubaker's laboratory convincingly demonstrated that GLP-2 is the proglucagon product controlling intestinal proliferation [19]," should read "Eventually, Dan Drucker convincingly demonstrated that GLP-2 is the proglucagon product controlling intestinal proliferation [19]."

Published
2019

30. Nuclear Dependence of the Transverse Single-Spin Asymmetry in the Production of Charged Hadrons at Forward Rapidity in Polarized p+p , p+Al , and p+Au Collisions at sNN=200 GeV

Author

T. Murakami, Y. H. Leung, S. I. Morrow, Y. J. Kwon, A. Franz, J. Runchey, Maya Hachiya Shimomura, R. S. Hollis, Y. I. Makdisi, Hari Guragain, Dmitry Blau, N. Cronin, Y. Zhai, G. Tarnai, S. P. Sorensen, M. Sarsour, A. Iordanova, E. J. Desmond, M. J. Tannenbaum, H. Asano, B. Azmoun, A. Sen, B. K. Schmoll, Jong-Min Park, Taku Gunji, Martin Purschke, M. Patel, C. A. Aidala, Z. Sun, S. Y. Han, M. J. Skoby, P. Kline, A. Dion, M. Tomášek, V. Andrieux, Viktor Riabov, V. Khachatryan, M. Snowball, Balazs Ujvari, K. A. Drees, Alexander Milov, J. G. Lajoie, I. J. Choi, M. Beaumier, Serpil Yalcin, I. E. Yushmanov, R. Belmont, V. Bumazhnov, Michael William Phipps, S. Lee, W. Peng, P. W. Stankus, I. Nakagawa, R. Seidl, Jennifer E. Perry, Alexei Khanzadeev, G. D. N. Perera, S. Tarafdar, Byung-Sik Hong, Chong Kim, A. Bazilevsky, S. Esumi, C. P. Wong, J. B. Choi, S. D. Rolnick, Alice Mignerey, N. Novitzky, V. R. Loggins, J. T. Mitchell, M. Connors, W. A. Zajc, S. Miyasaka, L. Zou, Alexandre Lebedev, L. Xue, N. Feege, Dipak Kumar Mishra, J. Klatsky, A. Denisov, R. P. Pisani, H. En'yo, M. J. Leitch, E. A. Gamez, A. Durum, D. P. Morrison, M. McCumber, S. Nelson, Sergey Fokin, B. M. Johnson, Takafumi Niida, J. Huang, Takao Sakaguchi, A. Enokizono, N. Hotvedt, N. S. Bandara, Vladimir Samsonov, Christine Nattrass, Minghui Liu, S. Ishimaru, A. D. Frawley, Kei Nagashima, V. Canoa Roman, A. Taranenko, Kenichi Imai, T. O. S. Haseler, Vladislav Manko, S. Huang, Raphael Noel Tieulent, Prakhar Garg, Kenneth Francis Read, I. Tserruya, M. Jezghani, E. Kistenev, A. Pun, Susumu Sato, Prashant Shukla, T. Hoshino, Wesley James Metzger, M. Slunečka, V. Singh, A. Hodges, S. F. Pate, E. J. Mannel, H. F. Hamilton, A. V. Kazantsev, Hideki Hamagaki, W. Fan, T. Todoroki, T. Rinn, V. Babintsev, S. Hasegawa, J. L. Nagle, Brajesh K. Singh, G. J. Ottino, D. Richford, A. S. Safonov, T. A. Shibata, D. V. Perepelitsa, J. Sun, K. I. Hahn, T. Koblesky, D. E. Fields, X. Jiang, Min-Hye Kim, X. He, Yoshifumi Ueda, J. H. Do, B. V. Jacak, Y. Fukuda, C. Pinkenburg, Motoi Inaba, D. Isenhower, T. Moon, G. David, C. L. Towell, N. Vukman, K. Dehmelt, D. Ivanishchev, P. Montuenga, A. Sukhanov, K. Kurita, V. Papavassiliou, Kyoichiro Ozawa, Z. Wang, Xiao-yan Li, J. Hanks, C. E. Perezlara, D. McGlinchey, S. H. Lee, Hiroyuki Sako, M. I. Nagy, C. Y. Scarlett, N. Grau, J. H. Kang, P. V. Radzevich, J. S. Haggerty, Iu. Mitrankov, D. Kawall, R. S. Towell, P. L. McGaughey, Eunja Kim, D. Kapukchyan, N. Apadula, K. L. Smith, A. Drees, A. Timilsina, J. E. Frantz, S. Suzuki, M. Virius, Qiao Xu, D. Reynolds, C. L. Silva, J. D. Orjuela Koop, Xiong Wang, S. Park, J. Murata, Zvi Hirsh Citron, Kensuke Homma, M. Alfred, G. Mitsuka, T. Novák, S. H. Lim, S. Bathe, I. Shein, M. Chiu, Sándor Lökös, A. Yanovich, K. N. Barish, C. A. Ogilvie, H. Yu, K. Tanida, T. K. Hemmick, D. Lynch, K. Sedgwick, K. Lovasz, T. Sumita, S. Zharko, C. Y. Chi, D. Dixit, Mihael Makek, A. Deshpande, H. Yamamoto, Yasutada Akiba, C. Gal, K. DeBlasio, Julia Velkovska, John Hill, T. Hachiya, J. D. Osborn, Inseok Yoon, M. Rosati, B. Kurgyis, S. Karthas, Toru Sugitate, D. Kotov, M. Finger, Tamás Csörgő, Y. Watanabe, D. S. Jumper, S. Kudo, M. S. Daugherity, C. P. Singh, V. Pantuev, S. Mizuno, M. Csanad, S. P. Stoll, R. Petti, Y. Goto, N. A. Lewis, Z. Rowan, M. Mendoza, H. W. Van Hecke, J. Sziklai, M. L. Brooks, D. Jouan, H. Ge, S. Campbell, K. Nakano, W. E. Sondheim, Agneta Oskarsson, D. Kincses, John Matthew Durham, Y. Berdnikov, C. McKinney, Y. L. Yamaguchi, Vaclav Vrba, K. Hill, C. Xu, A. Sexton, R. Seto, T. W. Danley, R. A. Soltz, M. Grosse Perdekamp, F. Giordano, David Olle Rickard Silvermyr, Z. Ji, D. Yu Peressounko, Senta Greene, B. Fadem, E. O'Brien, Y. Riabov, J. Bryslawskyj, Kenta Shigaki, R. Cervantes, A. S. Nyanin, Rachid Nouicer, A. N. Zelenski, C. L. Woody, A. Berdnikov, Petr Gallus, T. Nagashima, I. V. Sourikova, Keiji Nagai, J. H. Yoo, T. Shioya, T. Majoros, D. Sharma, Anne Marie Sickles, B. Schaefer, J. S. Bok, and R. Nishitani

Subjects
Physics, media_common.quotation_subject, Nuclear Theory, Hadron, General Physics and Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, Asymmetry, Nuclear physics, Momentum, Transverse plane, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Rapidity, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Spin (physics), media_common
Abstract

We report on the nuclear dependence of transverse single-spin asymmetries (TSSAs) in the production of positively charged hadrons in polarized p↑+p, p↑+Al, and p↑+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV. The measurements have been performed at forward rapidity (1.4<η<2.4) over the range of transverse momentum (1.8

Published
2019

31. Beam Energy and Centrality Dependence of Direct-Photon Emission from Ultrarelativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions

Author

A. Sen, V. S. Pantuev, M. Sano, M. Stepanov, Emily D. Richardson, X. He, J. Zimamyi, O. O. Omiwade, M. Harvey, S. Belikov, K. S. Joo, A. Rakotozafindrabe, J. Hamblen, K. Hasuko, Y. Aramaki, V. Peresedov, Y. Watanabe, Ajit Kumar Mohanty, T. A. Shibata, C. L. Silva, R. A. Soltz, T. Sato, C. M. Camacho, R. S. Towell, Prashant Shukla, S. F. Pate, Dmitry Blau, Y. Fukao, A. Shevel, O. Jinnouchi, H. En'yo, J. Koster, M. Grosse Perdekamp, A. Hadj Henni, T. Hester, I. Younus, Ke. Nakamura, O. Drapier, H. Al-Bataineh, E. Vazquez-Zambrano, A. Nederlof, J. Park, H. Masui, A. K. Dubey, F. Matathias, H. Asano, Florian Bauer, M. Kasai, Y. Iwanaga, Joakim Nystrand, A. Vossen, T. L. Thomas, I. E. Yushmanov, Eun-Hee Kim, P. Constantin, Beomkyu Kim, Wei Xie, M. J. Leitch, A. A. Bickley, C. L. Woody, A. Veicht, A. Mwai, Eva Haslum, B. Lenzi, A. Soldatov, D. Isenhower, A. Toia, Tamas Novak, T. Moon, Kensuke Homma, H. Pei, L. Guo, Alexei Khanzadeev, Shinichi Masumoto, E. Stenlund, J. B. Choi, H. Sakata, Min-Hye Kim, R. Vértesi, S. H. Lee, Dipak Kumar Mishra, C. Baumann, M. S. Daugherity, C. P. Singh, T. Jones, Z. Rowan, Tomoya Tsuji, J. H. Bhom, T. V. Moukhanova, M. Mendoza, Peter Christiansen, R. Ichimiya, Atsushi Takahara, L. Mašek, D. Kawall, K. Tanida, Ryugo S. Hayano, I. J. Choi, B. Xia, S. Motschwiller, D. Ivanishchev, Dennis Perepelitsa, H. Themann, S. Chernichenko, V. Papavassiliou, Z. Ji, D. Winter, D. Yu Peressounko, Y. Riabov, Y. Onuki, C. E. Perezlara, Filip Krizek, N. A. Lewis, K. A. Drees, H. Lim, B. Bassalleck, S. Takagi, J. Bryslawskyj, Kenta Shigaki, M. Boer, M. Nguyen, V. I. Kochetkov, L. Aphecetche, S. Park, J. Murata, I. Nakagawa, Aaron Angerami, V-N. Tram, N. Grau, R. J. Petti, Sándor Lökös, K. N. Barish, J. M. Burward-Hoy, P. Tarján, S. N. White, J. G. Lajoie, Deepa Thomas, Jan Rak, R. Lacey, A. V. Kazantsev, Alexander Milov, Tae-Yeon Lee, Martin Purschke, C. A. Aidala, H. J. Kim, R. Granier de Cassagnac, A. Isupov, C. Suire, A. S. Nyanin, S. Zharko, S. Sano, S. Butsyk, Vladimir Samsonov, M. Konno, Gerd Joachim Kunde, A. Dion, Johannes Peter Wessels, I. Ravinovich, J. L. Charvet, S. Afanasiev, A. Ster, N. Feege, I. Otterlund, Christine Nattrass, A. Adare, J. Klatsky, C. P. Wong, M. Connors, W. A. Zajc, V. Baublis, A. Denisov, M. Leitgab, J. Sziklai, I. Shein, V. Cianciolo, Zvi Hirsh Citron, H. Ge, Rachid Nouicer, A. N. Zelenski, M. Proissl, Young-Ki Kim, T. Engelmore, Y. Tomita, Motoi Inaba, K. Nakano, M. J. Skoby, J. Newby, G. Roche, M. Mitrovski, Takafumi Niida, J. Huang, Hiroaki Ohnishi, K. B. Lee, Brian Cole, L. Tomášek, R. M. Wright, T. E. Miller, M. Kurosawa, Sergey Fokin, Z. Sun, A. Yu. Semenov, Bum-Hoon Lee, D. E. Mihalik, Senta Greene, K. Sedgwick, M. L. Brooks, S. Yokkaichi, W. C. Smith, B. M. Johnson, Alberto Baldisseri, Mihael Makek, K. Das, J. T. Mitchell, P. Mikeš, N. Hotvedt, R. Seidl, M. K. Dayananda, Prakhar Garg, B. Bannier, R. Belmont, M. Sarsour, A. T. Basye, M. K. Lee, B. Love, Marie Germain, C. Xu, E. P. Hartouni, Y. Miyachi, K. B. Kim, W. E. Sondheim, K. Boyle, P. A. Rukoyatkin, K. S. Sim, Kei Nagashima, V. Canoa Roman, P. Chung, M. I. Nagy, A. Morreale, Z. Fraenkel, Y. Nagata, M. Bai, D. Watanabe, M. D. Malik, Vladislav Manko, Saskia Mioduszewski, H. A. Gustafsson, M. Slunečka, E. Vznuzdaev, E. C. Aschenauer, S. S. Ryu, J. S. Kang, Junji Tojo, J. Gosset, Mate Csanad, A. Berdnikov, C. Zhang, J. P. Sullivan, A. Iordanova, A. Caringi, Frank Ellinghaus, E. R. Kinney, D. P. Morrison, B. H. Kang, M. Naglis, Tomofumi Nagae, J. L. Nagle, S. Y. Fung, M. B. Deaton, Y. Tanaka, T. K. Shea, P. Rosnet, B. Meredith, V. Khachatryan, D. Hornback, B. Komkov, P. Castera, J. Imrek, V. E. Semenov, B. E. Norman, M. Holmes, P. Ružička, Raphael Noel Tieulent, W. S. Emam, A. Datta, M. Javani, B. Fadem, E. O'Brien, Y. Kwon, A. G. Litvinenko, A. Kozlov, R. Seto, A. Bagoly, Maya Hachiya Shimomura, R. S. Hollis, G. David, L. Patel, T. C. Awes, Kyoichiro Ozawa, T. Liška, K. O. Eyser, K. Fujiwara, Y. L. Yamaguchi, N. Kamihara, R. K. Choudhury, T. Murakami, Robert F. Hobbs, B. Lewis, Viktor Riabov, Jun Kikuchi, Tadaaki Isobe, B. Azmoun, Y. J. Mao, K. Haruna, T. W. Danley, J. D. Osborn, A. Taranenko, R. Yang, H. Hiejima, S. Taneja, Kazushi Miki, H. Al-Ta'Ani, A. Král, M. J. Kweon, H. Kanou, J. S. Chai, Petr Gallus, T. Majoros, L. Ding, D. Roach, K. M. Kijima, Taku Gunji, H. Gong, M. Nihashi, Tatsuya Chujo, D. Richford, Zhiying You, K. Imai, Shoji Nagamiya, John Hill, K. Hashimoto, T. Horaguchi, Brajesh K. Singh, C. Silvestre, R. Bennett, M. Kawashima, J. Seele, Yoshifumi Ueda, H. J. Moon, Norio Saito, Tsutomu Mibe, P. Liebing, M. A. L. Leite, D. Sharma, C. Vale, P. L. McGaughey, K. Karatsu, M. Patel, F. Kajihara, F. Staley, L. Baksay, V. Dzhordzhadze, I. Danchev, A. Garishvili, David D'Enterria, Gary Grim, J. H. Do, T. Tabaru, S. Batsouli, B. Kurgyis, Toru Sugitate, L. D. Isenhower, K. V. Dharmawardane, Susumu Sato, Y. I. Makdisi, M. Kaneta, Xingguo Li, B. S. Chang, Y. Le Bornec, Ahmed Al-Jamel, Marisilvia Donadelli, V. Bumazhnov, M. P. Comets, Charles Maguire, J. L. Drachenberg, S. Leckey, M. Finger, S. Tarafdar, G. Mitsuka, Y. Hori, Anne Marie Sickles, J. Jin, J. E. Frantz, Jen-Chieh Peng, K. Gainey, I. V. Sourikova, N. Novitzky, Jongmin Lee, S. Choi, J. Klay, S. I. Morrow, H. Delagrange, Y. S. Kim, Y. H. Leung, Josh Moss, E. M. Takagui, S. P. Sorensen, Dylan Walker, R. P. Pisani, Debashish Pal, Y. Nakamiya, D. Lynch, S. Sawada, J. S. Bok, D. Kotchetkov, D. Reynolds, François Fleuret, H. W. Van Hecke, Y. Tsuchimoto, T. Ichihara, M. Oka, O. Chvala, H. Iinuma, M. C. McCain, S. Hasegawa, R. Tanabe, D. Layton, I. Garishvili, Akio Kiyomichi, J. Ying, Seong H. Kim, F. Wei, Inkyu Park, M. McCumber, J. Runchey, E. Kistenev, Xiong Wang, Z. Conesa del Valle, S. Zhou, Matthew G. Reuter, Herve Borel, B. Ujvari, Nikolay Tyurin, M. N. Wagner, Susanta K. Mohapatra, J. S. Kapustinsky, Takahiro Fusayasu, G. R. Young, M. Alfred, T. Hachiya, G. Baksay, Dong Jo Kim, A. P.T. Palounek, K. Okada, P. Lichtenwalner, A. Kiss, P. Kline, K. S. Lee, S. D. Rolnick, A. Enokizono, B. Espagnon, L. Zou, H. Harada, I. D. Ojha, Alexander Malakhov, Qiao Xu, N. Kurihara, ShinIchi Esumi, A. Glenn, A. Kravitz, J. M. Heuser, W. C. Chang, Z. Yasin, Henner Buesching, J. Sun, B. Forestier, M. T. Bjorndal, D. Silvermyr, S. Baumgart, L. S. Zolin, M. Ouchida, V. Babintsev, W. J. Park, Steve Edwards, M. Tomášek, N. Means, J. Asai, Atsushi Taketani, M. Wysocki, I. Tserruya, Masamichi Ishihara, A. Sukhanov, K. Kurita, Rushan Han, M. N. Hagiwara, Christopher Rosen, S. H. Lim, H. Pereira, P. D. Barnes, H. Yu, X. Gong, Y. Morino, Yu. Efremenko, A. Yanovich, V. Singh, V. L. Rykov, T. Dahms, A. Hodges, Marcus Hohlmann, G. S. Kyle, C. O. Kim, R. Pak, N. Willis, C. Y. Chi, M. J. Tannenbaum, James Alexander, Y. Ikeda, Shingo Sakai, S. P. Stoll, L. A. Linden Levy, J. G. Boissevain, Yasutada Akiba, H. Torii, P. V. Radzevich, Hirohiko Sato, S. K. Tuli, Minghui Liu, S. Bathe, Eunja Kim, E. J. Mannel, Agneta Oskarsson, S. Dairaku, D. Kincses, T. Rinn, Y. Berdnikov, R. Averbeck, Byung-Sik Hong, C. McKinney, M. Mishra, Kazuhiro Tanaka, Vaclav Vrba, Klaus Johannes Reygers, K. Hill, O. Zaudtke, Rui Wei, R. Akimoto, B. Sahlmueller, E. J. Desmond, A. Bazilevsky, Y. J. Kim, B. K. Schmoll, M. Virius, E. T. Atomssa, M. Heffner, A. Kim, Jaehyeok Yoo, D. Mukhopadhyay, E. Tennant, S. Rembeczki, M. Gonin, C. Pinkenburg, K. Dehmelt, J. D. Orjuela Koop, S. Kametani, C. H. Chen, Kenneth Francis Read, A. Manion, Y. Cobigo, Alexandre Lebedev, J. H. Kang, D. M. Lee, D. Bucher, J. S. Haggerty, S. R. Lee, A. Romana, S. Gadrat, Y. S. Lai, K. Kiriluk, J. Chiba, Alice Mignerey, X. Jiang, L. D'Orazio, S. Miyasaka, A. Franz, G. C. Mishra, Xiao-yan Li, Hiroyuki Sako, Y. Komatsu, Takao Sakaguchi, S. W. Nam, C. Klein-Boesing, A. D. Frawley, S. Huang, S. H. Aronson, W. Holzmann, O. Dietzsch, H. Valle, M. Chiu, Dipanwita Dutta, C. A. Ogilvie, Sung Keun Park, C. Gal, Julia Velkovska, S. Kelly, M. Rosati, N. N. Ajitanand, T. K. Hemmick, J. M. Durham, Yasuo Miake, Tamás Csörgő, Takahiro Nakamura, D. McGlinchey, Susumu Oda, A. A. Vinogradov, Henrik Tydesjö, L. Kochenda, M. Issah, T. Shohjoh, A. Durum, T. Kawagishi, Jiangyong Jia, D. S. Brown, K. Yamaura, S. Wolin, D. Kleinjan, S. Campbell, Hongfang Liu, D. E. Fields, B. V. Jacak, A. K. Purwar, R. Armendariz, J. Hanks, Byoungchoo Park, N. Apadula, C. Oakley, A. Drees, J. Kubart, K. Sakashita, D. Kotov, J. Egdemir, D. S. Jumper, F. Gastineau, Jason Kamin, Y. Goto, S. S.E. Rosendahl, K. Watanabe, G. Bunce, K. Shoji, A. Churyn, D. Jouan, W. Peng, P. W. Stankus, C. R. Cleven, C. Haegemann, Y. Inoue, P. J. Kroon, T. Kempel, Dong-Hun Kim, S. Kaneti, M. G. Hur, Steven E. Skutnik, M. Togawa, T. O. S. Haseler, H. Qu, Hideki Hamagaki, W. Fan, K. Aoki, M. Vargyas, T. Todoroki, K. I. Hahn, A. Deshpande, Helsinki Institute of Physics, Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PHENIX, Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées ( SUBATECH ), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire ( IMT Atlantique ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Nantes ( UN ), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet ( LLR ), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -École polytechnique ( X ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay ( IPNO ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont ( LPC ), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Clermont Auvergne ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon ( IPNL ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
Photon, heavy ion: scattering, 62.4 GeV-cms, Au+Au collisions, General Physics and Astronomy, transverse momentum dependence, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], 39 GeV-cms/nucleon62.4 GeV-cms, [ PHYS.NEXP ] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment, 39 GeV-cms/nucleon, Physics, Range (particle radiation), RHIC, Large Hadron Collider, Multiplicative function, PHENIX, nucleus nucleus: colliding beams, PRIRODNE ZNANOSTI. Fizika, photon: direct production, CERN LHC Coll, photon: yield, COLISÕES DE ÍONS PESADOS RELATIVÍSTICOS, quark-gluon plasma, beam energy scan, FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 114 Physical sciences, energy dependence, Nuclear physics, direct photons, energy: scaling, [ PHYS.HEXP ] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], DILEPTONS, Au+Au collisions, beam energy scan, quark-gluon plasma, direct photons, PHENIX, RHIC, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, impact parameter: dependence, Scaling, Nuclear Physics, gold, NATURAL SCIENCES. Physics, Yield (chemistry), High Energy Physics::Experiment, Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, Beam (structure), experimental results
Abstract

The PHENIX collaboration presents first measurements of low-momentum ($0.4$1\,GeV/$c$) direct-photon yield $dN_{\gamma}^{\rm dir}/d\eta$ is a smooth function of $dN_{\rm ch}/d\eta$ and can be well described as proportional to $(dN_{\rm ch}/d\eta)^\alpha$ with $\alpha{\approx}1.25$. This scaling behavior holds for a wide range of beam energies at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the Large Hadron Collider, for centrality selected samples, as well as for different, $A$$+$$A$ collision systems. At a given beam energy the scaling also holds for high $p_T$ ($>5$\,GeV/$c$) but when results from different collision energies are compared, an additional $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}$-dependent multiplicative factor is needed to describe the integrated-direct-photon yield., Comment: 673 authors from 82 institutions, 10 pages, 4 figures. v2 is version accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.html

Published
2019

32. Duodenal Chemosensing of Short-Chain Fatty Acids: Implications for GI Diseases

Author

Jonathan D. Kaunitz, Mari Iwasaki, and Yasutada Akiba

Subjects
Glucagon-like peptide-2, Serotonin, Short-chain fatty acid receptors, medicine.medical_specialty, Cell signaling, Duodenum, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Clinical Sciences, Volatile, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Mucosal defense, Enteroendocrine cell, digestive system, Oral and gastrointestinal, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Medicine, Humans, Enteropathy, Aetiology, Intestinal Mucosa, Receptor, Nutrition sensing, Irritable bowel syndrome, Nutrition, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, business.industry, Fatty Acids, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Gastroenterology, Hindgut, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Fatty Acids, Volatile, Circadian Rhythm, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Endocrinology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Hindgut fermentation, Non-Steroidal, Digestive Diseases, business
Abstract

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the main bacterial fermentation products in the hindgut of hindgut fermenters, are also present in the foregut lumen. We discuss the impact of SCFAs in the duodenal defense mechanisms and in the gastrointestinal (GI) pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS: Luminal SCFAs augment the duodenal mucosal defenses via release of serotonin (5-HT) and glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) from enteroendocrine cells. Released GLP-2 protects the small intestinal mucosa from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced enteropathy. SCFAs are also rapidly absorbed via SCFA transporters and interact with afferent and myenteric nerves. Excessive SCFA signals with 5-HT(3) receptor overactivation may be implicated in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome symptoms. SCFA production exhibits diurnal rhythms with host physiological responses, suggesting that oral SCFA treatment may adjust the GI clocks. SUMMARY: SCFAs are not only a source of energy but also signaling molecules for the local regulation of the GI tract and systemic regulation via release of gut hormones. Targeting SCFA signals may be a novel therapeutic for GI diseases and metabolic syndrome.

Published
2019

33. Multiparticle azimuthal correlations for extracting event-by-event elliptic and triangular flow in Au + Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV

Author

B. Azmoun, V. Bumazhnov, E. J. Desmond, Sándor Lökös, K. N. Barish, Z. Rowan, M. Mendoza, P. Kline, A. Dion, Serpil Yalcin, Min-Hye Kim, J. T. Mitchell, N. Hotvedt, R. Seidl, Vladislav Manko, Zvi Hirsh Citron, S. Zharko, Martin Purschke, C. A. Aidala, M. Beaumier, Barbara Jacak, D. K. Mishra, H. Ge, K. Nakano, J. G. Rubin, N. Apadula, L. Zou, R. Petti, S. Esumi, D. Sharma, Shunji Nishimura, Alice Mignerey, K. A. Drees, W. E. Sondheim, S. Miyasaka, C. P. Wong, K. Hashimoto, Jong-Min Park, Taku Gunji, W. A. Zajc, A. Iordanova, J. Murata, Haseler T.O.S., A. Timilsina, Pawan Kumar Netrakanti, K. Boyle, Aaron White, Dmitry Blau, S. Bathe, L. Xue, A. Denisov, Yuki Watanabe, N. S. Bandara, Takao Sakaguchi, A. Sen, N. Feege, Vladimir Samsonov, Minghui Liu, D. Richford, Xingguo Li, Kenneth Francis Read, M. L. Brooks, Christine Nattrass, Sergey Fokin, Agneta Oskarsson, A. D. Frawley, J. Hanks, Kensuke Homma, K. Dehmelt, J. Klatsky, M. E. Connors, J. D. Orjuela Koop, S. K. Park, D. Kincses, J. B. Choi, Qiao Xu, D. Silvermyr, Y. Berdnikov, S. H. Lee, C. McKinney, Brennan Schaefer, Anne Marie Sickles, C. L. Woody, A. Berdnikov, I. E. Yushmanov, J. Sun, H. F. Hamilton, J. S. Bok, Kim E.-J., S. P. Sorensen, A. Taranenko, S. Zhou, M. Virius, M. I. Nagy, J. L. Nagle, C. Xu, S. D. Rolnick, D. Reynolds, P. L. McGaughey, A. Manion, M. Alfred, I. Ravinovich, R. S. Hollis, Maya Hachiya Shimomura, Vardan Khachatryan, A. Yanovich, V. S. Pantuev, Vaclav Vrba, C. P. Singh, E. Mannel, Y. I. Makdisi, A. Sexton, Z. Sun, T. Niida, A. Lebedev, Alexei Khanzadeev, Petr Gallus, S. Huang, Kimberly Hill, D. Lynch, Z. Ji, Dennis Perepelitsa, S. Beckman, Viktor Riabov, B. M. Johnson, R. Seto, J. G. Lajoie, T. Murakami, Xiong Wang, M. Chiu, Ajit Kumar Mohanty, A. V. Kazantsev, T. W. Danley, A. Meles, D. Kawall, M. J. Tannenbaum, D. Kotov, B. K. Schmoll, I. V. Sourikova, Shibata T.-A., T. Hachiya, M. Bai, B. Fadem, K. Tanida, P. B. Diss, Jennifer E. Perry, M. J. Skoby, Y. L. Yamaguchi, Dong Jo Kim, R. Belmont, T. V. Moukhanova, Shih-Chang Lee, S. P. Stoll, Y. H. Leung, B. Sahlmueller, J. Bryslawskyj, X. He, J. Sziklai, S. Tarafdar, M. Finger, B. Kurgyis, H. Van Hecke, Senta Greene, R. Kitamura, Tamas Ferenc Csorgo, M. J. Leitch, S. I. Morrow, Y. Riabov, S. Mizuno, Toru Sugitate, A. Deshpande, H. Asano, J. D. Osborn, Inseok Yoon, Kenta Shigaki, D. Isenhower, Tamas Novak, T. Moon, Perera G.D.N., I. J. Choi, E. O'Brien, M. Kurosawa, A. S. Nyanin, J. H. Yoo, Hideki Hamagaki, W. Fan, A. Franz, D. E. Fields, Kyoichiro Ozawa, J. Runchey, Mate Csanad, G. David, T. Todoroki, B. Xia, T. Majoros, N. A. Lewis, M. Slunecka, Rachid Nouicer, A. N. Zelenski, Alexander Milov, K. I. Hahn, I. Nakagawa, A. Mwai, M. Grosse Perdekamp, G. Mitsuka, K. Imai, D. Jouan, R. S. Towell, Prashant Shukla, J. E. Frantz, S. F. Pate, D. Y.-U. Peressounko, Y. J. Kwon, Shoichi Hasegawa, H. Sako, Jan Rak, C. A. Ogilvie, R. Lacey, T. K. Hemmick, Bhawani Singh, B. J. Ramson, D. P. Morrison, S. Campbell, A. Enokizono, I. Shein, A. Adare, Kei Nagashima, J. A. Key, M. McCumber, K. DeBlasio, A. Taketani, Priyanka Sett, D. Ivanishchev, V. Canoa Roman, P. Montuenga, Peng J.-C., G. W. Kim, D. S. Jumper, C. Pinkenburg, Tatsuya Chujo, D. E. Mihalik, V. Papavassiliou, C. E. Perezlara, Raphael Noel Tieulent, R. Pinson, Don McGlinchey, I. Tserruya, M. Jezghani, F. Wei, N. Novitzky, J. Huang, V. Singh, A. Hodges, R. P. Pisani, K. Sedgwick, Prakhar Garg, M. Wysocki, T. Koblesky, B. Bannier, M. Sarsour, A. Drees, Animesh Datta, T. Sumita, E. Kistenev, C. Y. Chi, Yasutada Akiba, Mihael Makek, N. N. Ajitanand, M. Stepanov, Balazs Ujvari, A. Glenn, P. V. Radzevich, B. Komkov, J. H. Kang, J. S. Haggerty, A. Bagoly, Norio Saito, S. Kanda, W. Peng, P. W. Stankus, A. Durum, S. H. Lim, B. Kimelman, V. Babintsev, R. A. Soltz, M. Tomášek, H. Nakagomi, Byung-Sik Hong, T. Hoshino, C. L. Silva, A. Bazilevsky, Chen C.-H., Timothy Thomas Rinn, H. W. Yu, N. Grau, J. M. Durham, Yoshifumi Ueda, J. H. Do, C. L. Towell, Susumu Sato, Shuo Han, M. Patel, M. Boer, X. Jiang, Motoi Inaba, J. C. Hill, Y. Watanabe, M. S. Daugherity, Ferdinando Giordano, A. Sukhanov, K. Kurita, Matthew Snowball, C. O. Kim, R. Pak, C. Gal, Julia Velkovska, M. Rosati, Jiangyong Jia, Y. Goto, and D. Kleinjan

Subjects
Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Elliptic flow, 01 natural sciences, Charged particle, Nuclear physics, Momentum, Distribution (mathematics), Flow (mathematics), 0103 physical sciences, Quark–gluon plasma, Rapidity, 010306 general physics, Anisotropy
Abstract

We present measurements of elliptic and triangular azimuthal anisotropy of charged particles detected at forward rapidity 1

Published
2019

35. 502 ASSOCIATION OF DELETERIOUS DUOX2 VARIANTS WITH A PRECLINICAL HALLMARK OF DISTURBED MICROBIOTA-IMMUNE HOMEOSTASIS AND RISK OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE

Author

Jonathan D. Kaunitz, John Y. Kao, Guoqing Hou, Elisa Sheng, Subra Kugathasan, Yael Haberman, Nobuhiko Kamada, Shrinivas Bishu, Sho Kitamoto, Gilbert S. Omenn, Ryan W. Stidham, Min Zhang, Matthew P. Conomos, Helmut Grasberger, Lea S. Garzotto, Lee A. Denson, Andrew T. Magis, Yasutada Akiba, Hiroko Nagao-Kitamoto, and Mohamad El-Zaatari

Subjects
Hepatology, business.industry, Immunology, Gastroenterology, Medicine, Immune homeostasis, business, medicine.disease, Inflammatory bowel disease
Published
2021

36. Neural FFA3 activation inversely regulates anion secretion evoked by nicotinic ACh receptor activation in rat proximal colon

Author

Shunsuke Kimura, Toshihiko Iwanaga, Ken Ichi Iwamoto, Izumi Kaji, Kohtarou Konno, Masahiko Watanabe, Yasutada Akiba, Atsukazu Kuwahara, Ayaka Kuri, and Jonathan D. Kaunitz

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Carbachol, Physiology, Enteroendocrine cell, Smooth muscle contraction, Biology, Choline transporter, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, chemistry, Internal medicine, medicine, Free fatty acid receptor, Cholinergic, Enteric nervous system, Hexamethonium, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medicine.drug
Abstract

Key points Luminal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) influence gut physiological function via SCFA receptors and transporters. The contribution of an SCFA receptor, free fatty acid receptor (FFA)3, to the enteric nervous system is unknown. FFA3 is expressed in enteric cholinergic neurons. Activation of neural FFA3 suppresses Cl− secretion induced by nicotinic ACh receptor activation via a Gi/o pathway. Neural FFA3 may have an anti-secretory function by modulating cholinergic neural reflexes in the enteric nervous system. Abstract The proximal colonic mucosa is constantly exposed to high concentrations of microbially-produced short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Although luminal SCFAs evoke electrogenic anion secretion and smooth muscle contractility via neural and non-neural cholinergic pathways in the colon, the involvement of the SCFA receptor free fatty acid receptor (FFA)3, one of the free fatty acid receptor family members, has not been clarified. We investigated the contribution of FFA3 to cholinergic-mediated secretory responses in rat proximal colon. FFA3 was immunolocalized to enteroendocrine cells and to the enteric neural plexuses. Most FFA3-immunoreactive nerve fibres and nerve endings were cholinergic, colocalized with protein gene product (PGP)9.5, the vesicular ACh transporter, and the high-affinity choline transporter CHT1. In Ussing chambered mucosa–submucosa preparations (including the submucosal plexus) of rat proximal colon, carbachol (CCh)-induced Cl− secretion was decreased by TTX, hexamethonium, and the serosal FFA3 agonists acetate or propionate, although not by an inactive analogue 3-chloropropionate. Serosal application of a selective FFA3 agonist (N-[2-methylphenyl]-[4-furan-3-yl]-2-methyl-5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-quinoline-3-carboxamide; MQC) dose-dependently suppressed the response to CCh but not to forskolin, with an IC50 of 13 μm. Pretreatment with MQC inhibited nicotine-evoked but not bethanechol-evoked secretion. The inhibitory effect of MQC was reversed by pretreatment with pertussis toxin, indicating that FFA3 acts via the Gi/o pathway. Luminal propionate induced Cl− secretion via the cholinergic pathway, which was reduced by MQC, as well as by TTX, hexamethonium or removal of the submucosal plexus. These results suggest that the SCFA-FFA3 pathway has a novel anti-secretory function in that it inhibits cholinergic neural reflexes in the enteric nervous system.

Published
2016

41. Pseudorapidity Dependence of Particle Production and Elliptic Flow in Asymmetric Nuclear Collisions of p+Al , p+Au , d+Au , and He3+Au at sNN=200 GeV

Author

N. S. Bandara, C. H. Chen, G. Tarnai, Vladimir Samsonov, Y. Riabov, Kenichi Imai, Z. Sun, Christine Nattrass, R. Lacey, T. O. S. Haseler, S. Bathe, S. Hasegawa, Kenta Shigaki, R. Cervantes, M. Chiu, M. I. Nagy, I. Tserruya, P. B. Diss, M. Jezghani, V. Singh, A. Hodges, A. Adare, S. Tarafdar, R. Nishitani, P. L. McGaughey, M. Phipps, C. A. Ogilvie, A. S. Nyanin, X. He, R. A. Soltz, D. Kapukchyan, Rachid Nouicer, A. N. Zelenski, T. Koblesky, T. K. Hemmick, Maya Hachiya Shimomura, R. S. Hollis, F. Wei, D. E. Mihalik, S. Beckman, B. J. Ramson, Hideki Hamagaki, W. Fan, Serpil Yalcin, G. David, T. Todoroki, M. Grosse Perdekamp, E. O. Lallow, Shunji Nishimura, K. A. Drees, F. Giordano, J. Rak, K. I. Hahn, J. Klatsky, J. L. Nagle, A. Glenn, P. V. Radzevich, Y. I. Makdisi, Ajit Kumar Mohanty, T. A. Shibata, D. Sharma, K. DeBlasio, Eunja Kim, A. V. Kazantsev, T. Hachiya, S. K. Park, R. S. Towell, Y. J. Kwon, Prashant Shukla, C. L. Woody, S. F. Pate, A. Pun, B. Kimelman, R. Pinson, S. Vazquez-Carson, Z. Rowan, Anne Marie Sickles, M. Mendoza, A. Berdnikov, K. L. Smith, B. Schaefer, K. Hashimoto, C. P. Wong, L. D. Liu, A. Mwai, J. H. Kang, M. Boer, M. J. Tannenbaum, J. S. Haggerty, Xingguo Li, P. Montuenga, N. N. Ajitanand, C. L. Silva, David Olle Rickard Silvermyr, B. K. Schmoll, N. Grau, Z. Ji, Alexander Milov, I. Nakagawa, N. Novitzky, D. P. Morrison, J. A. Key, D. Isenhower, Tamas Novak, T. Moon, Jaehyeok Yoo, M. Connors, W. A. Zajc, L. Xue, S. Syed, J. S. Bok, D. Yu Peressounko, Sándor Lökös, K. N. Barish, S. Zharko, Petr Gallus, T. Nagashima, A. Denisov, Yuki Watanabe, G. D. N. Perera, N. Apadula, Y. Fukuda, V. Bumazhnov, D. Dixit, N. Feege, A. Drees, Sergey Fokin, Koji Sato, Iu. Mitrankov, Jong-Min Park, Taku Gunji, Moonhee Kim, Dennis Perepelitsa, M. Patel, Kyoichiro Ozawa, L. Zou, D. Ivanishchev, I. V. Sourikova, Keiji Nagai, V. Papavassiliou, M. L. Brooks, Alice Mignerey, H. Ge, C. E. Perezlara, Mikhail Malaev, T. Murakami, E. J. Mannel, T. Rinn, K. Nakano, Motoi Inaba, N. Saito, S. Miyasaka, A. Durum, Minghui Liu, B. Kurgyis, C. Gal, S. Zhou, S. Karthas, A. Takeda, Julia Velkovska, Takao Sakaguchi, A. Sen, C. Pinkenburg, S. D. Rolnick, K. Dehmelt, J. Bryslawskyj, Kenneth Francis Read, M. Sarsour, A. Iordanova, S. Y. Han, D. Kotov, M. Rosati, Agneta Oskarsson, W. E. Sondheim, D. Kincses, John Matthew Durham, A. D. Frawley, S. I. Morrow, M. Tomášek, T. Majoros, Senta Greene, S. Kanda, W. Peng, M. Virius, Tamás Csörgő, D. S. Jumper, Y. Berdnikov, A. S. White, S. Huang, C. Ayuso, A. Franz, J. Runchey, C. Butler, D. J. Kim, P. W. Stankus, A. Meles, M. Csanad, S. P. Stoll, C. McKinney, S. Kudo, Wesley James Metzger, A. Deshpande, C. Xu, E. Kistenev, T. Shioya, M. Snowball, A. Sukhanov, H. F. Hamilton, Kei Nagashima, K. Kurita, K. Aoki, P. Sett, B. Fadem, E. O'Brien, R. P. Pisani, V. Canoa Roman, M. McCumber, I. J. Choi, G. W. Kim, Vaclav Vrba, K. Hill, D. McGlinchey, H. En'yo, M. J. Leitch, Brajesh K. Singh, G. J. Ottino, D. E. Fields, B. Xia, B. V. Jacak, J. Imrek, A. Sexton, Raphael Noel Tieulent, R. Pak, Takafumi Niida, Susumu Sato, J. Huang, H. Asano, R. Kitamura, Y. Goto, J. Sun, S. P. Sorensen, R. Seto, T. W. Danley, D. Jouan, Y. L. Yamaguchi, J. Jia, M. Stepanov, Prakhar Garg, B. Bannier, Hari Guragain, D. Kleinjan, S. Campbell, J. G. Lajoie, J. D. Orjuela Koop, M. Alfred, S. Lee, Jennifer E. Perry, S. Mizuno, H. W. Van Hecke, Viktor Riabov, Martin Purschke, C. A. Aidala, John Hill, M. J. Skoby, Y. Ito, Pawan Kumar Netrakanti, V. Andrieux, Radek Novotny, V. Khachatryan, N. Cronin, A. Manion, Y. H. Leung, B. Azmoun, I. Ravinovich, Toru Sugitate, P. Kline, A. Dion, M. Beaumier, M. Bai, S. Esumi, Z. Wang, M. S. Daugherity, C. P. Singh, R. Petti, B. M. Johnson, N. A. Lewis, V. Jorjadze, T. Elder, Qiao Xu, J. Sziklai, D. Kawall, J. D. Osborn, S. H. Lim, K. Tanida, Inseok Yoon, A. Yanovich, Zvi Hirsh Citron, M. Finger, I. Shein, A. Taranenko, K. Sedgwick, Mihael Makek, H. Yamamoto, H. Yu, Animesh Datta, T. Sumita, C. Y. Chi, Yasutada Akiba, A. Enokizono, H. Masuda, Kensuke Homma, M. Kurosawa, D. Lynch, A. Taketani, Y. Watanabe, V. Pantuev, R. Belmont, B. Sahlmueller, K. Boyle, V. R. Loggins, J. T. Mitchell, N. Hotvedt, R. Seidl, Vladislav Manko, M. Slunečka, P. Yin, A. Timilsina, K. Lovasz, H. Nakagomi, T. Hoshino, D. Richford, A. S. Safonov, Yoshifumi Ueda, J. H. Do, C. L. Towell, N. Vukman, Dmitry Blau, Tatsuya Chujo, Jen-Chieh Peng, E. J. Desmond, J. G. Rubin, J. E. Frantz, D. Reynolds, Xiong Wang, Balazs Ujvari, M. Wysocki, I. E. Yushmanov, Alexei Khanzadeev, J. B. Choi, Dipak Kumar Mishra, T. V. Moukhanova, Min-Hye Kim, S. H. Lee, J. Murata, S. Suzuki, Mirta Dumancic, B. Komkov, V. Babintsev, Byung-Sik Hong, Chong Kim, A. Bazilevsky, Alexandre Lebedev, G. Mitsuka, X. Jiang, J. Hanks, and Hiroyuki Sako

Subjects
Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, media_common.quotation_subject, Hadron, Quark model, Elliptic flow, General Physics and Astronomy, Collision, 01 natural sciences, Asymmetry, Nuclear physics, Pseudorapidity, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Rapidity, Multiplicity (chemistry), Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, media_common
Abstract

Asymmetric nuclear collisions of p+Al, p+Au, d+Au, and ^{3}He+Au at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV provide an excellent laboratory for understanding particle production, as well as exploring interactions among these particles after their initial creation in the collision. We present measurements of charged hadron production dN_{ch}/dη in all such collision systems over a broad pseudorapidity range and as a function of collision multiplicity. A simple wounded quark model is remarkably successful at describing the full data set. We also measure the elliptic flow v_{2} over a similarly broad pseudorapidity range. These measurements provide key constraints on models of particle emission and their translation into flow.

Published
2018

42. Production of π0 and η mesons in Cu+Au collisions at sNN=200GeV

Author

Mate Csanad, E. Stenlund, S. Huang, Maya Hachiya Shimomura, Y. Nakamiya, D. Lynch, C. Xu, M. Nihashi, D. Kawall, I. Younus, Vardan Khachatryan, Y. I. Makdisi, N. Crossette, S. Solano, K. Tanida, X. He, R. Seto, Robert Vertesi, J. Koster, Peter Christiansen, T. W. Danley, A. Mwai, N. Novitzky, R. P. Pisani, P. L. McGaughey, B. Fadem, M. Patel, A. Ster, K. O. Eyser, X. Jiang, Sung Keun Park, J. Seele, Y. J. Kwon, N. Feege, I. Tserruya, Jan Rak, N. N. Ajitanand, R. S. Towell, Sándor Lökös, R. Lacey, Y. Imazu, I. Shein, M. Jezghani, K. N. Barish, S. Zharko, D. Kotov, V. Singh, A. Hodges, V. Bumazhnov, K. Sedgwick, R. Granier de Cassagnac, M. Chiu, Ajit Kumar Mohanty, T. A. Shibata, I. Garishvili, F. Wei, G. D. N. Perera, M. L. Brooks, L. Zou, Charles Maguire, T. O. S. Haseler, D. Black, S. Bathe, Y. Fukao, T. Koblesky, Mihael Makek, S. Baumgart, J. D. Orjuela Koop, M. Sarsour, Y. L. Yamaguchi, Takahiro Nakamura, Atsushi Takahara, K. A. Drees, C. H. Chen, J. S. Kang, Jason Kamin, M. J. Tannenbaum, D. E. Mihalik, H. Qu, Hideki Hamagaki, W. Fan, K. Aoki, M. Vargyas, G. David, T. Todoroki, Kensuke Homma, T. Hester, Minghui Liu, R. A. Soltz, Shoichi Hasegawa, E. Richardson, J. H. Kang, C. P. Wong, C. L. Woody, J. S. Haggerty, A. Berdnikov, T. Hoshino, A. Taranenko, V. S. Pantuev, A. Durum, D. Isenhower, Tamas Novak, T. Moon, W. A. Zajc, C. L. Silva, A. Manion, K. I. Hahn, A. Glenn, P. V. Radzevich, Animesh Datta, C. Y. Chi, A. Shaver, S. Choi, Yasutada Akiba, Kenneth Francis Read, T. Ichihara, Y. Gu, S. P. Stoll, M. S. Daugherity, S. J. Jeon, J. Klatsky, B. K. Schmoll, J. B. Choi, Ferdinando Giordano, V. Baublis, A. Denisov, Yuki Watanabe, V. Cianciolo, C. Baumann, S. Mizuno, A. Meles, Petr Gallus, Eunja Kim, K. Dehmelt, Jen-Chieh Peng, M. Tomášek, J. M. Durham, Yoshifumi Ueda, J. H. Do, C. P. Singh, Barbara Jacak, M. Alfred, Susumu Sato, K. Watanabe, K. Shoji, A. Garishvili, E. Tennant, S. Kanda, B. M. Johnson, Taku Gunji, Yongsun Kim, W. Peng, P. W. Stankus, A. Isinhue, Filip Krizek, N. Grau, Sergey Fokin, M. Leitgab, M. R. Stone, T. Majoros, Vladimir Samsonov, Christine Nattrass, D. E. Fields, N. A. Lewis, I. V. Sourikova, Hari Guragain, R. S. Hollis, Kimberly Hill, K. Okada, K. Imai, D. Reynolds, M. Boer, A. V. Kazantsev, D. Richford, James Alexander, B. Sahlmueller, Y. S. Lai, Motoi Inaba, J. C. Hill, S. Butsyk, J. T. Mitchell, M. McCumber, S. Tarafdar, Inkyu Park, I. Ravinovich, Z. Sun, Brian Cole, E. Kistenev, N. Riveli, Ryugo S. Hayano, M. Kurosawa, Anne Marie Sickles, J. H. Yoo, Xiong Wang, M. Slunecka, S. Zhou, N. Hotvedt, R. Seidl, T. Niida, Tomofumi Nagae, J. L. Nagle, M. J. Leitch, M. Finger, H. Asano, K. Gainey, M. Virius, Y. Riabov, A. Lebedev, Byung-Sik Hong, D. Jouan, M. Bai, Henner Buesching, Kenta Shigaki, B. Lewis, S. R. P. Mohapatra, A. Bazilevsky, Dong Jo Kim, Y. Watanabe, Vladislav Manko, J. S. Bok, S. D. Rolnick, Alice Mignerey, L. D'Orazio, S. Miyasaka, A. S. Nyanin, Viktor Riabov, L. Patel, X. Gong, Rachid Nouicer, A. N. Zelenski, J. D. Osborn, Inseok Yoon, Zhiying You, H. W. Yu, R. Belmont, S. Wolin, S. Yokkaichi, M. S. Ryu, Kei Nagashima, D. M. Lee, V. Canoa Roman, A. Veicht, Pawan Kumar Netrakanti, M. Grosse Perdekamp, G. Mitsuka, Y. Sekiguchi, T. C. Awes, Kyoichiro Ozawa, G. H. Lee, Takao Sakaguchi, J. E. Frantz, Jongmin Lee, Raphael Noel Tieulent, H. Van Hecke, Agneta Oskarsson, A. Enokizono, Y. Ikeda, Alexander Milov, D. Kincses, A. Timilsina, P. K. Khandai, A. Taketani, Priyanka Sett, A. Sen, Y. Berdnikov, I. Nakagawa, Young-Ki Kim, T. Engelmore, A. D. Frawley, D. S. Jumper, S. H. Lee, C. McKinney, Y. Tanaka, B. Komkov, Y. H. Leung, S. Nagamiya, Vaclav Vrba, O. Drapier, J. Sun, A. Bagoly, Norio Saito, Tsutomu Mibe, Hideyuki Oide, D. P. Morrison, C. Pinkenburg, S. Campbell, E. Mannel, B. H. Kang, A. Drees, Tatsuya Chujo, M. Stepanov, S. H. Lim, J. S. Kapustinsky, V. Babintsev, C. A. Ogilvie, Timothy Thomas Rinn, Martin Purschke, C. A. Aidala, D. Kotchetkov, M. Moskowitz, N. Cronin, E. T. Atomssa, B. Meredith, T. K. Hemmick, Bhawani Singh, Yasuo Miake, K. DeBlasio, Don McGlinchey, C. Gal, M. Beaumier, K. S. Joo, Julia Velkovska, D. K. Mishra, M. Rosati, Tamás Csörgő, X. Bai, H. A. Torii, B. Kurgyis, Toru Sugitate, M. E. Connors, S. K. Park, S. P. Whitaker, Jiangyong Jia, N. Apadula, Y. Goto, François Fleuret, D. Kleinjan, Z. Ji, D. Yu Peressounko, R. Petti, Dennis Perepelitsa, Z. Rowan, M. Mendoza, S. Esumi, M. J. Skoby, D. Sharma, Senta Greene, E. O'Brien, J. Huang, B. Azmoun, H. Ge, Prakhar Garg, K. Nakano, M. Wysocki, B. Bannier, W. E. Sondheim, T. Murakami, R. Akimoto, P. Kline, K. S. Lee, K. Boyle, P. Steinberg, M. Skolnik, Takahiro Fusayasu, S. I. Morrow, S. Sawada, Qiao Xu, A. Franz, T. V. Moukhanova, J. Runchey, D. Silvermyr, Prashant Shukla, S. F. Pate, A. Yanovich, Ke. Nakamura, J. A. Key, K. B. Lee, D. Ivanishchev, V. Papavassiliou, C. E. Perezlara, L. Ding, E. J. Desmond, M. Kofarago, D. Roach, K. M. Kijima, K. Hashimoto, Xingguo Li, S. P. Sorensen, J. G. Lajoie, T. Hachiya, Jennifer E. Perry, M. Gonin, M. I. Nagy, D. Watanabe, A. Sukhanov, K. Kurita, C. O. Kim, R. Pak, E. Vznuzdaev, H. Sako, J. Bryslawskyj, A. Deshpande, I. J. Choi, B. Xia, Dmitry Blau, J. Hanks, E. Vazquez-Zambrano, Balazs Ujvari, I. E. Yushmanov, Min-Hye Kim, A. Iordanova, J. Murata, and Alexei Khanzadeev

Subjects
Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Maple, Meson production, Meson, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear Theory, chemistry.chemical_element, engineering.material, 16. Peace & justice, 01 natural sciences, Copper, Nuclear physics, Fragmentation (mass spectrometry), chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Quark–gluon plasma, engineering, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Impact parameter, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics
Abstract

Production of π0 and η mesons has been measured at midrapidity in Cu+Au collisions at sNN=200GeV. Measurements were performed in π0(η)→γγ decay channel in the 1(2)-20GeV/c transverse momentum range. A strong suppression is observed for π0 and η meson production at high transverse momentum in central Cu+Au collisions relative to the p+p results scaled by the number of nucleon-nucleon collisions. In central collisions the suppression is similar to Au+Au with comparable nuclear overlap. The η/π0 ratio measured as a function of transverse momentum is consistent with mT-scaling parametrization down to pT=2GeV/c, its asymptotic value is constant and consistent with Au+Au and p+p and does not show any significant dependence on collision centrality. Similar results were obtained in hadron-hadron, hadron-nucleus, and nucleus-nucleus collisions as well as in e+e− collisions in a range of collision energies sNN=3−1800 GeV. This suggests that the quark-gluon-plasma medium produced in Cu+Cu collisions either does not affect the jet fragmentation into light mesons or it affects the π0 and η the same way.

Published
2018

43. Duodenal chemosensing

Author

Mari Iwasaki, Yasutada Akiba, and Jonathan D. Kaunitz

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Lipopolysaccharides, gut hormones, Duodenum, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, short-chain fatty acids, Clinical Sciences, GPI-Linked Proteins, Oral and gastrointestinal, Article, G protein coupled receptors, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled, 03 medical and health sciences, G-Protein-Coupled, 0302 clinical medicine, Underpinning research, Receptors, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Humans, Aetiology, Intestinal Mucosa, Nutrition, gut chemosensing, enteroendocrine cells, long-chain fatty acids, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Prevention, Inflammatory and immune system, lipopolysaccharide, Fatty Acids, Gastroenterology, glucagon-like peptides, Nutrients, Alkaline Phosphatase, Chemoreceptor Cells, cholecystokinin, 030104 developmental biology, G protein coupled bile acid receptor 1, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Digestive Diseases
Abstract

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Luminal chemosensing is a term used to describe how small molecules in the gut lumen interact with the host through surface receptors or via transport into the submucosa. In this review, we have summarized recent advances of understanding luminal chemosensing in the gastroduodenal mucosa, with a particular emphasis on how chemosensing affects mucosal protective responses and the metabolic syndrome. RECENT FINDINGS: In the past decade, data have supported the hypothesis that gut luminal chemosensing not only is important for the local or remote regulation of gut function but also contributes to the systemic regulation of metabolism, energy balance and food intake. We have provided examples of how luminal nutrients such as long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs), endogenous compounds such as bile acids, bacterial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and bacterial components such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activate cognate receptors expressed on key effector cells such as enteroendocrine cells and inflammatory cells in order to profoundly affect organ function through the initiation or suppression of inflammatory pathways, altering gut barrier function and nutrient uptake, altering gut motility and visceral pain pathways, and preventing mucosal injury. SUMMARY: These recent discoveries in this area have provided new possibilities for identifying novel molecular targets for the treatment of mucosal injury, metabolic disorders and abnormal visceral sensation. Understanding luminal chemosensory mechanisms may help to identify novel molecular targets for the treatment and prevention of mucosal injury, metabolic disorders and abnormal visceral sensation.

Published
2018

45. Cross section and longitudinal single-spin asymmetry AL for forward W±→μ±ν production in polarized p+p collisions at s=510 GeV

Author

H. Nakagomi, T. Hoshino, R. A. Soltz, D. Richford, T. Murakami, J. H. Do, B. Komkov, Yi Gu, X. Bai, F. Giordano, Charles Maguire, A. Shaver, R. S. Towell, A. Deshpande, M. Rosati, Alice Mignerey, L. D'Orazio, S. Miyasaka, Y. Fukao, S. Choi, I. Garishvili, D. Sharma, D. Kawall, S. Park, J. Murata, Zvi Hirsh Citron, I. Shein, K. Sedgwick, Mihael Makek, Norio Saito, Tsutomu Mibe, A. Enokizono, T. Hester, Serpil Yalcin, C. L. Woody, A. Berdnikov, A. Sen, Kiyoshi Tanida, Y. Watanabe, I. Younus, Takao Sakaguchi, M. Skolnik, S. Hasegawa, S. I. Morrow, Anne Marie Sickles, K. Gainey, Z. Rowan, Sung Keun Park, E. Kistenev, S. Sawada, M. Mendoza, B. Schaefer, V. S. Pantuev, X. He, J. S. Bok, A. Franz, Peter Christiansen, J. Runchey, Y. Ikeda, D. Kotov, D. Kotchetkov, A. D. Frawley, E. J. Mannel, M. Beaumier, N. N. Ajitanand, Petr Gallus, Z. Ji, J. T. Mitchell, D. Yu Peressounko, N. Hotvedt, R. Seidl, K. S. Joo, J. Sun, A. Isinhue, C. P. Wong, R. Belmont, M. Grosse Perdekamp, G. Mitsuka, Henner Buesching, N. Cronin, S. P. Sorensen, T. Rinn, I. Tserruya, M. Jezghani, G. D. N. Perera, N. S. Bandara, Vladimir Samsonov, Y. Aramaki, Robert Vertesi, P. Sett, V. Singh, A. Hodges, Vladislav Manko, M. Leitgab, K. Shoji, Atsushi Takahara, K. A. Drees, Jiangyong Jia, Y. Goto, Jongmin Lee, J. S. Kapustinsky, V. Babintsev, K. O. Eyser, M. Connors, W. A. Zajc, L. Xue, Jan Rak, R. Akimoto, D. S. Jumper, Jason Kamin, M. Csanad, S. P. Stoll, S. Huang, Takahiro Nakamura, K. Ozawa, A. Garishvili, I. V. Sourikova, H. Yu, Animesh Datta, T. Sumita, C. Y. Chi, Yasutada Akiba, H. J. Kim, V. Baublis, A. Denisov, Yuki Watanabe, R. Lacey, Motoi Inaba, Christine Nattrass, S. Butsyk, R. Granier de Cassagnac, S. Kanda, A. Adare, D. McGlinchey, H. Ge, K. Okada, J. Koster, T. Todoroki, S. Solano, C. Pinkenburg, D. Kleinjan, S. Campbell, V. Cianciolo, W. Peng, Kei Nagashima, P. W. Stankus, J. G. Lajoie, K. Nakano, M. Tomášek, V. Canoa Roman, A. Vossen, X. Gong, Maya Hachiya Shimomura, Takafumi Niida, H. En'yo, T. Koblesky, J. Huang, M. Alfred, T. Hachiya, R. S. Hollis, J. Seele, M. Sarsour, A. Iordanova, S. Y. Han, M. J. Leitch, J. Klatsky, Sergey Fokin, M. S. Ryu, D. E. Mihalik, S. Whitaker, Jennifer E. Perry, A. Durum, Y. I. Makdisi, K. Dehmelt, F. Wei, I. J. Choi, B. Xia, James Alexander, Raphael Noel Tieulent, Dennis Perepelitsa, Senta Greene, S. Esumi, Prakhar Garg, W. E. Sondheim, M. Kurosawa, B. Bannier, Susumu Sato, D. Jouan, M. Towell, B. Fadem, E. O'Brien, C. L. Silva, A. Meles, P. K. Khandai, M. J. Tannenbaum, Byung-Sik Hong, M. Nihashi, A. Bazilevsky, H. Asano, Taku Gunji, Agneta Oskarsson, Y. Tanaka, M. Slunecka, Z. Sun, A. Taketani, Soumya Mohapatra, A. Veicht, A. Mwai, John Matthew Durham, N. Crossette, Prashant Shukla, P. Montuenga, B. K. Schmoll, M. Patel, M. Gonin, B. Azmoun, Y. Berdnikov, M. R. Stone, S. Bathe, R. Yang, T. Novák, B. Meredith, C. McKinney, Y. L. Yamaguchi, Jaehyeok Yoo, N. Novitzky, S. F. Pate, Y. J. Kwon, E. Tennant, R. P. Pisani, A. Glenn, P. V. Radzevich, S. Tarafdar, S. Nagamiya, B. Lewis, A. Timilsina, T. Majoros, D. E. Fields, B. V. Jacak, K. Boyle, C. Xu, A. J. Miller, N. Grau, C. A. Ogilvie, Ke. Nakamura, Eunja Kim, M. McCumber, T. K. Hemmick, Alexandre Lebedev, J. A. Key, Y. H. Leung, Y. Nakamiya, D. Lynch, Vaclav Vrba, K. Hill, S. Zhou, A. Sukhanov, Ryugo S. Hayano, Yasuo Miake, I. Ravinovich, Jen-Chieh Peng, M. Virius, J. G. Rubin, J. E. Frantz, M. Finger, Tamas Ferenc Csorgo, H. Qu, Y. Riabov, A. Bagoly, D. M. Lee, K. Kurita, G. H. Lee, C. Gal, K. Watanabe, A. Sexton, D. Ivanishchev, V. Papavassiliou, K. DeBlasio, S. D. Rolnick, N. Riveli, J. Bryslawskyj, Kenta Shigaki, D. Reynolds, J. S. Kang, Y. Imazu, Julia Velkovska, M. Bai, C. E. Perezlara, Inkyu Park, Xiong Wang, John Hill, P. Kline, K. S. Lee, A. Dion, R. Seto, K. B. Lee, R. Pinson, A. S. Nyanin, Dong Jo Kim, Tomofumi Nagae, T. W. Danley, Ajit Kumar Mohanty, T. A. Shibata, S. Mizuno, Rachid Nouicer, A. N. Zelenski, M. S. Daugherity, C. P. Singh, J. L. Nagle, X. Jiang, H. A. Torii, Toru Sugitate, S. Yokkaichi, S. Wolin, H. W. Van Hecke, Filip Krizek, N. A. Lewis, C. O. Kim, Kenichi Imai, T. O. S. Haseler, Peter Steinberg, R. J. Petti, B. Sahlmueller, M. Boer, Sándor Lökös, D. Isenhower, M. Wysocki, R. Pak, K. N. Barish, J. D. Osborn, Y. J. Kim, T. Moon, Inseok Yoon, J. Sziklai, Zhiying You, S. Zharko, Alexander Milov, I. Nakagawa, Young-Ki Kim, Martin Purschke, C. A. Aidala, T. Engelmore, J. H. Kang, M. I. Nagy, Hideki Hamagaki, W. Fan, K. Aoki, M. Vargyas, François Fleuret, Brian Cole, N. Apadula, A. Drees, J. S. Haggerty, O. Drapier, D. Watanabe, K. I. Hahn, Viktor Riabov, D. P. Morrison, B. H. Kang, V. Bumazhnov, J. Hanks, Hiroyuki Sako, E. Vznuzdaev, D. Black, Hideyuki Oide, M. L. Brooks, Tatsuya Chujo, Y. S. Lai, E. T. Atomssa, Takahiro Fusayasu, L. Ding, J. D. Orjuela Koop, K. Kihara, Qiao Xu, C. H. Chen, M. Kofarago, A. Manion, D. Silvermyr, D. Roach, K. M. Kijima, M. J. Skoby, Pawan Kumar Netrakanti, M. Moskowitz, K. Hashimoto, S. H. Lim, A. Yanovich, Xingguo Li, Min-Hye Kim, S. H. Lee, V. Khachatryan, A. V. Kazantsev, Alexei Khanzadeev, G. David, L. Patel, E. Stenlund, C. Baumann, J. B. Choi, Y. Sekiguchi, T. C. Awes, Dipak Kumar Mishra, D. H. Kim, T. V. Moukhanova, Dmitry Blau, E. J. Desmond, E. Vazquez-Zambrano, P. L. McGaughey, M. Chiu, S. Beckman, Balazs Ujvari, I. E. Yushmanov, L. Zou, S. Baumgart, Minghui Liu, Kenneth Francis Read, T. Ichihara, Kensuke Homma, E. Richardson, E. Joo, M. Stepanov, Hari Guragain, A. Ster, N. Feege, B. M. Johnson, A. Taranenko, S. J. Jeon, D. Kincses, and Brajesh K. Singh

Subjects
Quark, Physics, Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, media_common.quotation_subject, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Parton, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Asymmetry, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, PHENIX detector, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, Boson, Spin-½, media_common
Abstract

We have measured the cross section and single-spin asymmetries from forward W±→μ±ν production in longitudinally polarized p+p collisions at s=510 GeV using the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The cross sections are consistent with previous measurements at this collision energy, while the most forward and backward longitudinal single spin asymmetries provide new insights into the sea quark helicities in the proton. The charge of the W bosons provides a natural flavor separation of the participating partons. © 2018 authors. Published by the American Physical Society.

Published
2018

47. Tryptamine Activates 5‐HT4 GPCR to Increase Secretion in the Mouse Proximal Colon

Author

Jonathan D. Kaunitz, Nicholas C. Zachos, Yasutada Akiba, Michael A. Fischbach, Weston R. Whitaker, Brianna B. Williams, Eric J. Battaglioli, Madhusudhan Grover, Yogesh Bhattarai, Gianrico Farrugia, Justin L. Sonnenburg, Purna C. Kashyap, David R. Linden, and Karunya K. Kandimalla

Subjects
Tryptamine, Mouse Proximal Colon, Chemistry, Intestinal physiology, Bioactive molecules, food and beverages, Biochemistry, Cell biology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Genetics, Secretion, Molecular Biology, Biotechnology, G protein-coupled receptor
Abstract

Background Microbial conversion of dietary substrate to bioactive molecules represents a potential regulatory mechanism by which gut microbes can alter intestinal physiology. Tryptamine, a monoamin...

Published
2018

48. Teduglutide, the stable GLP‐2 analog inhibits lipid‐induced LPS transport into the portal vein and intestinal paracellular permeability after systemic inflammation

Author

Jonathan D. Kaunitz, Yasutada Akiba, and Takeshi Takajo

Subjects
GLP-2 Analog, Portal vein, Pharmacology, Systemic inflammation, Biochemistry, Teduglutide, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Permeability (electromagnetism), Paracellular transport, Genetics, medicine, medicine.symptom, LPS transport, Molecular Biology, Biotechnology
Published
2018

50. Measurements of Multiparticle Correlations in d+Au Collisions at 200, 62.4, 39, and 19.6 GeV and p+Au Collisions at 200 GeV and Implications for Collective Behavior

Author

Y. I. Makdisi, A. V. Kazantsev, N. Feege, B. M. Johnson, M. Boer, V. Bumazhnov, I. Tserruya, M. Jezghani, Sándor Lökös, M. J. Tannenbaum, K. N. Barish, V. Singh, A. Hodges, D. Lynch, S. Zharko, B. K. Schmoll, T. Murakami, A. Taranenko, Jaehyeok Yoo, T. Koblesky, S. P. Stoll, A. Sen, Mikhail Malaev, T. Hachiya, Y. Fukuda, A. Takeda, G. J. Ottino, G. David, A. Bagoly, S. Hasegawa, K. L. Smith, E. J. Desmond, C. Gal, Julia Velkovska, Senta Greene, Alice Mignerey, Kyoichiro Ozawa, P. V. Radzevich, S. Miyasaka, A. Franz, D. E. Fields, M. L. Brooks, S. I. Morrow, M. Sarsour, Eunja Kim, C. Ayuso, Mate Csanad, A. Iordanova, S. Y. Han, M. Finger, Takao Sakaguchi, J. Runchey, V. R. Loggins, J. T. Mitchell, S. P. Sorensen, Hari Guragain, B. V. Jacak, V. Babintsev, C. L. Silva, N. Hotvedt, J. E. Frantz, Shih-Chang Lee, Y. Riabov, J. Bryslawskyj, B. Fadem, E. O'Brien, B. Azmoun, Kenta Shigaki, R. Cervantes, H. En'yo, X. He, N. S. Bandara, D. Reynolds, A. D. Frawley, Vladislav Manko, Xiong Wang, D. J. Kim, M. J. Leitch, Byung-Sik Hong, R. A. Soltz, A. S. Nyanin, Vladimir Samsonov, Christine Nattrass, S. Huang, Wesley James Metzger, P. Yin, Chong Kim, A. Bazilevsky, T. Todoroki, Y. Watanabe, Viktor Riabov, T. Novák, Rachid Nouicer, A. N. Zelenski, N. Novitzky, P. L. McGaughey, E. O. Lallow, M. I. Nagy, F. Giordano, M. Alfred, Michael William Phipps, Kenichi Imai, H. F. Hamilton, Alexandre Lebedev, Kei Nagashima, R. P. Pisani, Z. Wang, Serpil Yalcin, Takafumi Niida, J. Huang, A. Timilsina, I. Nakagawa, A. Berdnikov, Jennifer E. Perry, T. O. S. Haseler, C. L. Woody, D. Dixit, V. Canoa Roman, Alexander Milov, M. McCumber, S. Esumi, J. Imrek, C. P. Wong, L. D. Liu, Y. J. Kwon, M. Connors, Raphael Noel Tieulent, D. Kapukchyan, T. Majoros, W. A. Zajc, David Olle Rickard Silvermyr, L. Xue, A. Enokizono, L. Zou, Y. L. Yamaguchi, H. Masuda, Kensuke Homma, Prakhar Garg, J. L. Nagle, Petr Gallus, Susumu Sato, H. Asano, A. Denisov, C. Xu, Z. Ji, D. P. Morrison, E. Kistenev, D. Yu Peressounko, T. Nagashima, R. S. Towell, B. Ujvari, Minghui Liu, Prashant Shukla, Hideki Hamagaki, W. Fan, N. Apadula, I. V. Sourikova, T. A. Shibata, S. F. Pate, K. I. Hahn, Sergey Fokin, X. Jiang, A. Sexton, P. Kline, G. D. N. Perera, A. Pun, Kenneth Francis Read, J. Sun, A. Dion, D. Isenhower, T. Elder, T. Moon, D. V. Perepelitsa, A. Drees, Keiji Nagai, R. Seto, T. W. Danley, S. Syed, D. McGlinchey, D. Ivanishchev, Radek Novotny, Jong-Min Park, Taku Gunji, M. Patel, P. Montuenga, Y. H. Leung, S. Mizuno, Qiao Xu, N. Grau, Xiao-yan Li, V. Papavassiliou, J. Hanks, Hiroyuki Sako, C. E. Perezlara, H. W. Van Hecke, Koji Sato, D. E. Mihalik, A. Sukhanov, K. Kurita, Motoi Inaba, C. Butler, D. Sharma, M. Virius, S. D. Rolnick, S. Bathe, A. Durum, N. Cronin, M. Snowball, Martin Purschke, C. A. Aidala, M. Chiu, M. Tomášek, T. Shioya, W. Peng, P. W. Stankus, Agneta Oskarsson, C. A. Ogilvie, I. J. Choi, D. Kincses, John Matthew Durham, M. J. Skoby, Y. Ito, Y. Berdnikov, T. K. Hemmick, C. McKinney, Anne Marie Sickles, B. Schaefer, Vaclav Vrba, K. Hill, V. Andrieux, J. S. Bok, V. Khachatryan, M. Beaumier, K. DeBlasio, S. Vazquez-Carson, S. Karthas, D. Kotov, S. H. Lim, D. S. Jumper, Y. Goto, K. Aoki, J. D. Osborn, A. Yanovich, D. Jouan, Inseok Yoon, J. D. Orjuela Koop, John Hill, Toru Sugitate, D. Kawall, M. Grosse Perdekamp, G. Mitsuka, H. Yu, T. Sumita, C. Y. Chi, Yasutada Akiba, S. Park, J. Murata, M. Slunecka, R. Belmont, R. Seidl, I. Shein, K. Tanida, K. Sedgwick, Z. Rowan, M. Mendoza, M. S. Daugherity, Mihael Makek, A. Deshpande, H. Yamamoto, J. G. Lajoie, C. P. Singh, R. Petti, N. A. Lewis, V. Jorjadze, Moonhee Kim, K. Lovasz, J. Sziklai, Zvi Hirsh Citron, H. Ge, V. Pantuev, K. Nakano, W. E. Sondheim, H. Nakagomi, T. Hoshino, D. Richford, A. S. Safonov, Yoshifumi Ueda, J. H. Do, C. L. Towell, N. Vukman, M. Rosati, Tamás Csörgő, S. Kudo, S. Campbell, K. A. Drees, E. J. Mannel, T. Rinn, C. Pinkenburg, J. Klatsky, K. Dehmelt, J. H. Kang, J. S. Haggerty, G. Tarnai, S. Tarafdar, Alexei Khanzadeev, J. B. Choi, Dipak Kumar Mishra, Bhartendu K. Singh, Dmitry Blau, I. E. Yushmanov, Min-Hye Kim, S. H. Lee, Mirta Dumancic, Maya Hachiya Shimomura, and R. S. Hollis

Subjects
Physics, Large Hadron Collider, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, General Physics and Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Momentum, Deuterium, Quantum mechanics, 0103 physical sciences, Quark–gluon plasma, Rapidity, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Anisotropy, Glauber, Sign (mathematics)
Abstract

Recently, multiparticle-correlation measurements of relativistic p/d/He3+Au, p+Pb, and even p+p collisions show surprising collective signatures. Here, we present beam-energy-scan measurements of two-, four-, and six-particle angular correlations in d+Au collisions at sNN=200, 62.4, 39, and 19.6 GeV. We also present measurements of two- and four-particle angular correlations in p+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV. We find the four-particle cumulant to be real valued for d+Au collisions at all four energies. We also find that the four-particle cumulant in p+Au has the opposite sign as that in d+Au. Further, we find that the six-particle cumulant agrees with the four-particle cumulant in d+Au collisions at 200 GeV, indicating that nonflow effects are subdominant. These observations provide strong evidence that the correlations originate from the initial geometric configuration, which is then translated into the momentum distribution for all particles, commonly referred to as collectivity. © 2018 American Physical Society. (Less)

Published
2018

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