511 results on '"Yasuo Kawaguchi"'
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2. Semaphorin 6A–Plexin A2/A4 Interactions with Radial Glia Regulate Migration Termination of Superficial Layer Cortical Neurons
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Yumiko Hatanaka, Takahiko Kawasaki, Takaya Abe, Go Shioi, Takao Kohno, Mitsuharu Hattori, Akira Sakakibara, Yasuo Kawaguchi, and Tatsumi Hirata
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Science - Abstract
Summary: Precise regulation of neuronal migration termination is crucial for the establishment of brain cytoarchitectures. However, little is known about how neurons terminate migration. Here we focused on interactions between migrating cortical neurons and their substrates, radial glial (RG) cells, and analyzed the role of Plexin A2 and A4 (PlxnA2/A4) receptors and their repulsive ligand, Semaphorin 6A (Sema6A), for this process. In both PlxnA2/A4 double-knockout and Sema6A mutant mice, the outermost cortical plate neurons ectopically invade layer 1 at a stage when they should reach their destinations. PlxnA2/A4 proteins are abundantly expressed on their leading processes, whereas Sema6A mRNA is enriched in RG cell somata. Cell-targeted gene expression and conditional knockouts indicate critical roles for these molecules. We hypothesize that the timely appearance of repulsive signaling mediated by Sema6A–PlxnA2/A4 weakens migrating neuron–RG cell interactions, leading to migration termination. : Biological Sciences; Molecular Biology; Neuroscience; Molecular Neuroscience; Cellular Neuroscience Subject Areas: Biological Sciences, Molecular Biology, Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience, Cellular Neuroscience
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- 2019
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3. On the scaling of turbulence over an irregular rough surface in a transitionally rough regime
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Yusuke KUWATA, Takuya SUGIYAMA, and Yasuo KAWAGUCHI
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rough wall ,turbulence ,large eddy simulation ,lattice boltzmann method ,Mechanical engineering and machinery ,TJ1-1570 ,Mechanics of engineering. Applied mechanics ,TA349-359 - Abstract
In this paper, the characteristics of a transitionally rough turbulent flow over a real rough surface are examined. In our research, high-resolution large eddy simulations over a scanned marine painted rough surface were carried out, and the friction Reynolds number and roughness Reynolds number (inner-scaled roughness height) were systematically varied. Away from the rough surface, the mean velocity and Reynolds stresses are unaffected by the mean roughness height. Further, the similarity away from the rough surface is clearly confirmed when we use the effective wall-normal distance. The effective wall-normal distance is defined as the wall-normal integral of the plane-porosity (void fraction). Moreover, near the rough surface, the Reynolds stresses asymptotically decay toward the bottom of the rough surface when plotted against the inner-scaled effective distance. The profiles of the mean velocity and Reynolds stresses against the effective distance reveal that the mean velocity profile can be characterized by the roughness Reynolds number (inner-scaled roughness length scale). However, the other parameters should be considered when characterizing the near-wall Reynolds stress behavior. When the budget terms in the plane and Reynolds averaged momentum equations are analyzed, it is found that the drag force term dominates the momentum transfer in the vicinity of the bottom of the rough surface. As the roughness Reynolds number increases, the pressure drag contribution to the skin friction coefficient increases, while the viscous contribution decreases.
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- 2020
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4. Differential Striatal Axonal Arborizations of the Intratelencephalic and Pyramidal-Tract Neurons: Analysis of the Data in the MouseLight Database
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Kenji Morita, Sanghun Im, and Yasuo Kawaguchi
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neocortex ,striatum ,corticostriatal ,intratelencephalic ,pyramidal-tract ,axon arborization ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
There exist two major types of striatum-targeting neocortical neurons, specifically, intratelencephalic (IT) neurons and pyramidal-tract (PT) neurons. Regarding their striatal projections, it was once suggested that IT axons are extended whereas PT axons are primarily focal. However, subsequent study with an increased number of well-stained extended axons concluded that such an apparent distinction was spurious due to limited sample size. Recent work using genetically labeled neurons reintroduced the differential spatial extent of the striatal projections of IT and PT neurons through population-level analyses, complemented by observations of single axons. However, quantitative IT vs. PT comparison of a large number of axons remained to be conducted. We analyzed the data of axonal end-points of 161 IT neurons and 33 PT neurons in the MouseLight database (http://ml-neuronbrowser.janelia.org/). The number of axonal end-points in the ipsilateral striatum exhibits roughly monotonically decreasing distributions in both neuron types. Excluding neurons with no ipsilateral end-point, the distributions of the logarithm of the number of ipsilateral end-points are considerably overlapped between IT and PT neurons, although the proportion of neurons having more than 50 ipsilateral end-points is somewhat larger in IT neurons than in PT neurons. Looking at more details, among IT subpopulations in the secondary motor area (MOs), layer 5 neurons and bilateral striatum-targeting layer 2/3 neurons, but not contralateral striatum-non-targeting layer 2/3 neurons, have a larger number of ipsilateral end-points than MOs PT neurons. We also found that IT ipsilateral striatal axonal end-points are on average more widely distributed than PT end-points, especially in the medial-lateral direction. These results indicate that IT and PT striatal axons differ in the frequencies and spatial extent of end-points while there are wide varieties within each neuron type.
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- 2019
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5. A carbon nanotube tape for serial-section electron microscopy of brain ultrastructure
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Yoshiyuki Kubota, Jaerin Sohn, Sayuri Hatada, Meike Schurr, Jakob Straehle, Anjali Gour, Ralph Neujahr, Takafumi Miki, Shawn Mikula, and Yasuo Kawaguchi
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Science - Abstract
Electron microscopy requires electrically conductive and grounded samples to provide high-resolution, high-contrast images. Here, Kubota et al. describe a suitable carbon nanotube based tape for automated serial section collection and imaging, as in ATUM-based electron microscopy.
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- 2018
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6. A Dual Role Hypothesis of the Cortico-Basal-Ganglia Pathways: Opponency and Temporal Difference Through Dopamine and Adenosine
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Kenji Morita and Yasuo Kawaguchi
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reinforcement learning ,reward prediction error ,cost ,basal ganglia ,dopamine ,adenosine ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
The hypothesis that the basal-ganglia direct and indirect pathways represent goodness (or benefit) and badness (or cost) of options, respectively, explains a wide range of phenomena. However, this hypothesis, named the Opponent Actor Learning (OpAL), still has limitations. Structurally, the OpAL model does not incorporate differentiation of the two types of cortical inputs to the basal-ganglia pathways received from intratelencephalic (IT) and pyramidal-tract (PT) neurons. Functionally, the OpAL model does not describe the temporal-difference (TD)-type reward-prediction-error (RPE), nor explains how RPE is calculated in the circuitry connecting to the DA neurons. In fact, there is a different hypothesis on the basal-ganglia pathways and DA, named the Cortico-Striatal-Temporal-Difference (CS-TD) model. The CS-TD model differentiates the IT and PT inputs, describes the TD-type RPE, and explains how TD-RPE is calculated. However, a critical difficulty in this model lies in its assumption that DA induces the same direction of plasticity in both direct and indirect pathways, which apparently contradicts the experimentally observed opposite effects of DA on these pathways. Here, we propose a new hypothesis that integrates the OpAL and CS-TD models. Specifically, we propose that the IT-basal-ganglia pathways represent goodness/badness of current options while the PT-indirect pathway represents the overall value of the previously chosen option, and both of these have influence on the DA neurons, through the basal-ganglia output, so that a variant of TD-RPE is calculated. A key assumption is that opposite directions of plasticity are induced upon phasic activation of DA neurons in the IT-indirect pathway and PT-indirect pathway because of different profiles of IT and PT inputs. Specifically, at PT→indirect-pathway-medium-spiny-neuron (iMSN) synapses, sustained glutamatergic inputs generate rich adenosine, which allosterically prevents DA-D2 receptor signaling and instead favors adenosine-A2A receptor signaling. Then, phasic DA-induced phasic adenosine, which reflects TD-RPE, causes long-term synaptic potentiation. In contrast, at IT→iMSN synapses where adenosine is scarce, phasic DA causes long-term synaptic depression via D2 receptor signaling. This new Opponency and Temporal-Difference (OTD) model provides unique predictions, part of which is potentially in line with recently reported activity patterns of neurons in the globus pallidus externus on the indirect pathway.
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- 2019
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7. Large Volume Electron Microscopy and Neural Microcircuit Analysis
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Yoshiyuki Kubota, Jaerin Sohn, and Yasuo Kawaguchi
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volume electron microscopy ,carbon nanotube ,synapse ,connectome ,ATUM ,FIB-SEM ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
One recent technical innovation in neuroscience is microcircuit analysis using three-dimensional reconstructions of neural elements with a large volume Electron microscopy (EM) data set. Large-scale data sets are acquired with newly-developed electron microscope systems such as automated tape-collecting ultramicrotomy (ATUM) with scanning EM (SEM), serial block-face EM (SBEM) and focused ion beam-SEM (FIB-SEM). Currently, projects are also underway to develop computer applications for the registration and segmentation of the serially-captured electron micrographs that are suitable for analyzing large volume EM data sets thoroughly and efficiently. The analysis of large volume data sets can bring innovative research results. These recently available techniques promote our understanding of the functional architecture of the brain.
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- 2018
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8. Acute Cholecystitis with Significantly Elevated Levels of Serum Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9
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Shuji Akimoto, Masataka Banshodani, Masahiro Nishihara, Junko Nambu, Yasuo Kawaguchi, Fumio Shimamoto, Kiyohiko Dohi, Keizo Sugino, and Hideki Ohdan
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Acute cholecystitis ,Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 ,High elevation ,Positron emission tomography-computed tomography ,Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology ,RC799-869 - Abstract
Serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), a marker of malignant tumors, is generally slightly elevated in benign conditions. We report a case of acute cholecystitis with a significantly elevated level of serum CA 19-9 based on positron emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography (CT) findings. A 65-year-old woman presented with abdominal pain and fever. A CT image revealed an enlarged gallbladder without tumor shadows. The C-reactive protein (CRP) level was elevated to 7.66 mg/dl. Moreover, the serum CA 19-9 level was significantly elevated to 19,392 U/ml. We started antibiotic treatment, because we suspected acute cholecystitis, but still, we could not ignore the possible presence of malignant tumors. After 11 days of antibiotic treatment, serum CRP and CA 19-9 levels decreased to 0.11 mg/dl and 1,049 U/ml, respectively. There was an accumulation of fluorine 18-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose (maximum standardized uptake value, 9.3) without tumor shadows in the liver, near the gallbladder, on the PET-CT examination. We considered the possibility that the inflammation had spread from the gallbladder to the liver, made a diagnosis of acute cholecystitis, and performed a cholecystectomy 33 days after treatment initiation. The serum CA 19-9 level decreased to 45 U/ml after the surgery. One year after the surgery, the patient was alive, and the serum CA 19-9 level was 34 U/ml. Acute cholecystitis with a significantly high elevation of the serum CA 19-9 level is rare. In such cases, it is important to confirm the change in the serum CA 19-9 level over time after antibiotic treatment and perform imaging studies to distinguish between inflammation and malignancy.
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- 2016
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9. Effect of wavelength of sinusoidal wavy wall surface on drag and heat transfer at turbulent thermal boundary layer flow
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Hiroya MAMORI, Masanari FUJIMURA, Shotaro UDAGAWA, Kaoru IWAMOTO, Akira MURATA, Yasuo KAWAGUCHI, Hirotomo ANDO, Hideki KAWASHIMA, and Hirohisa MIENO
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direct numerical simulation ,turbulent boundary layer flow ,heat transfer enhancement ,wavy wall surface ,wavelength ,Mechanical engineering and machinery ,TJ1-1570 ,Mechanics of engineering. Applied mechanics ,TA349-359 - Abstract
Direct numerical simulations of thermal turbulent boundary layer flows over a wavy wall surface are performed to investigate the effect of a wavelength on drag coefficients and heat transfer performance. The Reynolds number based on an inlet boundary layer thickness is set to be 2820 and the Prandtl number is set to be Pr = 0.71 and 2.0. The wavy wall surface is homogeneous in the spanwise direction and the wave amplitude is fixed at 2a+ = 20. The six wavelength cases of λ/2a = 7.5 ~ 45 are examined. As the wavelength decreases, the skin-friction drag decreases and the pressure drag and heat transfer increase. The total drag peaks at λ/2a = 12.5 and the flow separation occurs at λ/2a < 15. In the separation region, the backward flow transfers the heat and results in a negative correlation coefficient between the velocity and temperature of R (u′tT′ ) at the bottom of the wavy wall. Spindle-shaped spots of the Nusselt number are also observed on the upslope of the wavy wall.
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- 2018
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10. PLIF Measurement of Turbulent Diffusion in Drag-Reducing Flow with Dosed Polymer Solution from a Wall
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Masaaki MOTOZAWA, Taiki KUROSAWA, Tomohiro OTSUKI, Kaoru IWAMOTO, Hirotomo ANDO, Tetsuya SENDA, and Yasuo KAWAGUCHI
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toms effect ,drag reduction ,wall dosing method ,polymer solution ,plif ,mass transfer ,sherwood number ,Mechanical engineering and machinery ,TJ1-1570 ,Mechanics of engineering. Applied mechanics ,TA349-359 - Abstract
Experimental investigation of the relationship between mass transfer and turbulent drag reduction of the drag-reducing channel flow with dosed polymer solution from a wall was carried out. Planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) measurement was employed to investigate the mass transfer of dosed polymer solution. In addition, the polymer concentration distribution was measured directly by extracting samples from the channel flow (Sampling method). In the PLIF measurement, Reynolds number based on the channel height was set to 20000 and poly(ethylene oxide) was used as a polymer. The polymer solution with a concentration from 10 ppm to 200 ppm was dosed at 3 L/min from the whole surface of the wall. As a result, in the case of water flow, dosed dyed water was ejected from the wall and was well diffused by the strong turbulent eddy motion. In contrast, when the polymer solution was dosed from the wall, the diffusion was largely suppressed in the near-wall region and drag reduction occurred. This result indicates that turbulent diffusion was suppressed in the near-wall region and momentum transport in the wall-normal direction was also largely suppressed. Moreover, because the polymer solution could be provided continuously into the channel flow downstream of the leading edge of the blowing wall, the drag reduction rate was reduced downstream. Finally, we estimated the Sherwood number based on the mass transfer logic, and the relationship between the drag reduction and mass transfer was discussed.
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- 2012
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11. Functional effects of distinct innervation styles of pyramidal cells by fast spiking cortical interneurons
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Yoshiyuki Kubota, Satoru Kondo, Masaki Nomura, Sayuri Hatada, Noboru Yamaguchi, Alsayed A Mohamed, Fuyuki Karube, Joachim Lübke, and Yasuo Kawaguchi
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inhibitory synapse ,FS basket cell ,pyramidal cell ,IPSC ,spine ,synaptic conductance ,Medicine ,Science ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Inhibitory interneurons target precise membrane regions on pyramidal cells, but differences in their functional effects on somata, dendrites and spines remain unclear. We analyzed inhibitory synaptic events induced by cortical, fast-spiking (FS) basket cells which innervate dendritic shafts and spines as well as pyramidal cell somata. Serial electron micrograph (EMg) reconstructions showed that somatic synapses were larger than dendritic contacts. Simulations with precise anatomical and physiological data reveal functional differences between different innervation styles. FS cell soma-targeting synapses initiate a strong, global inhibition, those on shafts inhibit more restricted dendritic zones, while synapses on spines may mediate a strictly local veto. Thus, FS cell synapses of different sizes and sites provide functionally diverse forms of pyramidal cell inhibition.
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- 2015
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12. Advances in Turbulent Drag Reduction
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Bo Yu, Jacques L. Zakin, Yasuo Kawaguchi, Jinjia Wei, Fengchen Li, and Yi Wang
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Mechanical engineering and machinery ,TJ1-1570 - Published
- 2015
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13. Numerical Simulation of Frost Heave in Soils around the Buried Oil Pipeline in Island Talik Permafrost Region
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Zaiguo Fu, Bo Yu, Yu Zhao, and Yasuo Kawaguchi
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Mechanical engineering and machinery ,TJ1-1570 - Abstract
A systematic method to obtain the freezing characteristics and the amounts of frost heave in the soils around a buried oil pipeline in island talik permafrost region is presented on the basis of the simulation of soil temperature fields and a classic segregated potential frost heave model. The finite thermal effect domain and the equivalent heat capacity method were adopted to analyze the heat transfer process with phase change. The calculation parameters were derived from the China-Russia Crude Oil Pipeline engineering. The developments of the annual maximum freezing circles and frost penetrations emerging in typical years within the pipeline operation life cycle under different oil temperature, different thickness of thermal insulation layer, and different water content of soils were investigated. The maximum frost heaves in four typical sections of island talik were predicted. The results can be used to further mechanical calculation and can provide references for risk evaluation and site management of the buried pipelines in island talik permafrost regions.
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- 2014
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14. Study on the Drag Reducing Channel Fluids by Experiments and DNS Using Giesekus Model
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Weiguo Gu, Dezhong Wang, and Yasuo Kawaguchi
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Mechanical engineering and machinery ,TJ1-1570 - Abstract
Both experimental and numerical studies are simultaneously performed for fully developed water and surfactant solution channel flow. The comparison aims at the surfactant solution flow in experiment with mass concentration of 25 ppm at Re = 1000 and Giesekus model with Weissenberg numbers of 10 and 40 at Re τ = 150. Big differences are found between the experimental and DNS results by comparing the distributions of velocity fluctuations, Reynolds shear stress, and so on. Although large drag reduction appears in DNS, Giesekus model has some limitations in describing the fluid characteristics and viscoelasticity of the surfactant solution.
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- 2014
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15. Effect of Fluid Viscoelasticity on Turbulence and Large-Scale Vortices behind Wall-Mounted Plates
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Takahiro Tsukahara, Masaaki Tanabe, and Yasuo Kawaguchi
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Mechanical engineering and machinery ,TJ1-1570 - Abstract
Direct numerical simulations of turbulent viscoelastic fluid flows in a channel with wall-mounted plates were performed to investigate the influence of viscoelasticity on turbulent structures and the mean flow around the plate. The constitutive equation follows the Giesekus model, valid for polymer or surfactant solutions, which are generally capable of reducing the turbulent frictional drag in a smooth channel. We found that turbulent eddies just behind the plates in viscoelastic fluid decreased in number and in magnitude, but their size increased. Three pairs of organized longitudinal vortices were observed downstream of the plates in both Newtonian and viscoelastic fluids: two vortex pairs were behind the plates and the other one with the longest length was in a plate-free area. In the viscoelastic fluid, the latter vortex pair in the plate-free area was maintained and reached the downstream rib, but its swirling strength was weakened and the local skin-friction drag near the vortex was much weaker than those in the Newtonian flow. The mean flow and small spanwise eddies were influenced by the additional fluid force due to the viscoelasticity and, moreover, the spanwise component of the fluid elastic force may also play a role in the suppression of fluid vortical motions behind the plates.
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- 2014
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16. Proposal of Damping Function for Low-Reynolds-Number k-ε Model Applicable in Prediction of Turbulent Viscoelastic-Fluid Flow
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Takahiro Tsukahara and Yasuo Kawaguchi
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Mathematics ,QA1-939 - Abstract
A low-Reynolds-number k-ε model applicable for viscoelastic fluid was proposed to predict the frictional-drag reduction and the turbulence modification in a wall-bounded turbulent flow. In this model, an additional damping function was introduced into the model of eddy viscosity, while the treatment of the turbulent kinetic energy (k) and its dissipation rate (ε) is an extension of the model for Newtonian fluids. For constructing the damping function, we considered the influence of viscoelasticity on the turbulent eddy motion and its dissipative scale and investigated the frequency response for the constitutive equation based on the Giesekus fluid model. Assessment of the proposed model’s performance in several rheological conditions for drag-reduced turbulent channel flows demonstrated good agreement with DNS (direct numerical simulation) data.
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- 2013
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17. A Short Review on Drag-Reduced Turbulent Flow of Inhomogeneous Polymer Solutions
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Zaiguo Fu and Yasuo Kawaguchi
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Mechanical engineering and machinery ,TJ1-1570 - Abstract
Turbulent drag reduction by additives is an effective approach to save energy in wall turbulence. Improvement of this approach requires a better understanding of the interactions between turbulence and additives including the complex changes in turbulence under various conditions of additives. In this paper we review some recent progress in the investigations of drag reduction in wall turbulence with inhomogeneous polymer solutions via slot-injection and wall-blowing methods. The turbulent statistics characteristics and coherent structures modified by the inhomogeneous polymer additives and the polymer diffusion characteristics in the turbulent boundary layer (TBL) flow and channel flow are discussed in terms of previous experimental and numerical studies. This review also presents a discussion of current limitations and future directions in these areas. Readers may find it helpful in understanding the phenomenon of turbulent drag reduction by inhomogeneous polymer additives and in developing practical applications.
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- 2013
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18. DNS Study of the Turbulent Taylor-Vortex Flow on a Ribbed Inner Cylinder
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Takahiro Tsukahara, Manabu Ishikawa, and Yasuo Kawaguchi
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Mechanical engineering and machinery ,TJ1-1570 - Abstract
Turbulent Taylor-vortex flows over regularly spaced square ribs mounted on a rotating inner cylinder surface were investigated using direct numerical simulations (DNSs) for a Reynolds number of 3200 (based on the inner-wall velocity and the gap width between two cylinders) in an apparatus with an inner-to-outer radius ratio of 0.617, while varying the streamwise interval of the ribs. We examined the flow and pressure fields around each rib, focusing on the recirculation zone, the frictional drag coefficient, and the pressure (form) drag. Our results for the Taylor-Couette flows were compared to DNS for plane Poiseuille flows over ribbed surfaces performed by Leonardi et al. (2003). We determined the qualitative consistency between them with respect to the roughness effect, which depends significantly on the rib interval, but the rate of increase in the flow resistance was remarkably dampened by roughness in the present flows. Taylor vortices remaining over roughened cylinder surfaces were found to induce quick pressure recovery behind each rib, leading to less pressure drag and an enhanced backflow in the recirculation zone.
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- 2013
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19. Analysis of Zero Reynolds Shear Stress Appearing in Dilute Surfactant Drag-Reducing Flow
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Weiguo Gu, Dezhong Wang, and Yasuo Kawaguchi
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Mechanical engineering and machinery ,TJ1-1570 - Abstract
Dilute surfactant solution of 25 ppm in the two-dimensional channel is investigated experimentally compared with water flow. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) system is used to take 2D velocity frames in the streamwise and wall-normal plane. Based on the frames of instantaneous vectors and statistical results, the phenomenon of zero Reynolds shear stress appearing in the drag-reducing flow is discussed. It is found that 25 ppm CTAC solution exhibits the highest drag reduction at Re = 25000 and loses drag reduction completely at Re = 40000. When drag reduction lies in the highest, Reynolds shear stress disappears and reaches zero although the RMS of the velocity fluctuations is not zero. By the categorization in four quadrants, the fluctuations of 25 ppm CTAC solution are distributed in all four quadrants equally at Re = 25000, which indicates that turnaround transportation happens in drag-reducing flow besides Reynolds shear stress transportation. Moreover, the contour distribution of streamwise velocity and the fluctuations suggests that turbulence transportation is depressed in drag-reducing flow. The viscoelasticity is possible to decrease the turbulence transportation and cause the turnaround transportation.
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- 2011
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20. Experimental Investigation on Zonal Structure in Drag-Reducing Channel Flow with Surfactant Additives
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Masaaki Motozawa, Takahiro Watanabe, Weiguo Gu, and Yasuo Kawaguchi
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Mechanical engineering and machinery ,TJ1-1570 - Abstract
The spatial structure of a drag-reducing channel flow with surfactant additives in a two-dimensional channel was investigated experimentally. We carried out detailed measurements of the instantaneous velocity in the streamwise wall-normal plane and streamwise spanwise plane by using particle image velocimetry (PIV). The surfactant used in this experiment is a kind of cationic surfactant CTAC. The weight concentrations of the CTAC solution were 25 and 40 ppm on the flow. We considered the effects of Reynolds number ranging from 10000 to 25000 and the weight concentration of CTAC. The results of this paper showed that in the drag-reducing flow, there appeared an area where the root mean square of streamwise velocity fluctuation and the vorticity fluctuation sharply decreased. This indicated that two layers with different turbulent structure coexisted on the boundary of this area. Moreover, these layers had characteristic flow structures, as confirmed by observation of the instantaneous vorticity fluctuation map.
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- 2011
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21. Drag Reduction of Turbulent Flow by Additives
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Jinjia Wei, Yasuo Kawaguchi, and Bo Yu
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Mechanical engineering and machinery ,TJ1-1570 - Published
- 2011
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22. Important factors for the three-dimensional reconstruction of neuronal structures from serial ultrathin sections
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Yoshiyuki Kubota, Sayuri Hatada, and Yasuo Kawaguchi
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Tomography ,Dendrite ,Cortex ,parvalbumin ,synapse ,nonpyramidal cell ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Quantitative analysis of anatomical synaptic connectivity in microcircuits depends upon accurate 3-dimentional reconstructions of synaptic ultrastructure using electron microscopy of serial ultrathin sections. Here we address two pitfalls in current methodology that lead to inaccurate reconstructions and compromise conclusions drawn from the data. The first pitfall is inaccurate determination of ultrathin section thickness, which negatively affects the three-dimensional shape of reconstructions and therefore impairs quantitative measurement of synaptic structures. Secondly, current methodology significantly underestimates the number of synaptic junctions, with only two-thirds or less of genuine synaptic contacts being identified in dendrites that radiate within the plane of section. Here we propose a new methodology utilizing precise optical measurements of section thickness and successive observations of synaptic elements across serial ultrathin sections that corrects for these limitations to allow accurate 3-dimentional reconstruction of synaptic ultrastructure. We use this methodology to reveal that parvalbumin-expressing cortical interneurons have a much higher synaptic density than previously shown. This result suggests that this technique will be useful for re-examining synaptic connectivity of other cell types.
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- 2009
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23. An N-parallel FENE-P constitutive model and its application in large-eddy simulation of viscoelastic turbulent drag-reducing flow.
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Jingfa Li, Bo Yu 0010, Shuyu Sun 0001, Dongliang Sun, and Yasuo Kawaguchi
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- 2018
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24. Reaction mechanism of blood coagulation factors in shear flow field.
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Koki Kawakami, Daisuke Sakota, Ryo Kosaka, Masahiro Nishida, Yasuo Kawaguchi, and Osamu Maruyama
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- 2016
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25. Bearing gap adjustment for improvement of levitation performance in a hydrodynamically levitated centrifugal blood pump.
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Ryo Kosaka, Fumihiko Yoshida, Masahiro Nishida, Osamu Maruyama, Yasuo Kawaguchi, and Takashi Yamane 0001
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- 2015
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26. Evaluation of erythrocyte flow at a bearing gap in a hydrodynamically levitated centrifugal blood pump.
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Tomotaka Murashige, Ryo Kosaka, Daisuke Sakota, Masahiro Nishida, Yasuo Kawaguchi, Takashi Yamane 0001, and Osamu Maruyama
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- 2015
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27. Supplementary Table 1 from CDX2 Regulates Multidrug Resistance 1 Gene Expression in Malignant Intestinal Epithelium
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Hideki Ohdan, Wataru Yasui, Eric R. Fearon, Aytekin Akyol, Masazumi Okajima, Yasuo Kawaguchi, Tatsunari Sasada, Naohide Oue, Takao Hinoi, and Yuji Takakura
- Abstract
Supplementary Table 1 from CDX2 Regulates Multidrug Resistance 1 Gene Expression in Malignant Intestinal Epithelium
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- 2023
28. Data from CDX2 Regulates Multidrug Resistance 1 Gene Expression in Malignant Intestinal Epithelium
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Hideki Ohdan, Wataru Yasui, Eric R. Fearon, Aytekin Akyol, Masazumi Okajima, Yasuo Kawaguchi, Tatsunari Sasada, Naohide Oue, Takao Hinoi, and Yuji Takakura
- Abstract
The caudal-related homeobox transcription factor CDX2 has a key role in intestinal development and differentiation. CDX2 heterozygous mutant mice develop colonic polyps, and loss of CDX2 expression is seen in a subset of colon carcinomas in humans. Ectopic CDX2 expression in the stomach of transgenic mice promotes intestinal metaplasia, and CDX2 expression is frequently detected in intestinal metaplasia in the stomach and esophagus. We sought to define CDX2-regulated genes to enhance knowledge of CDX2 function. HT-29 colorectal cancer cells have minimal endogenous CDX2 expression, and HT-29 cells with ectopic CDX2 expression were generated. Microarray-based gene expression studies revealed that the Multidrug Resistance 1 (MDR1/P-glycoprotein/ABCB1) gene was activated by CDX2. Evidence that the MDR1 gene was a direct transcriptional target of CDX2 was obtained, including analyses with MDR1 reporter gene constructs and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. RNA interference–mediated inhibition of CDX2 decreased endogenous MDR1 expression. In various colorectal cancer cell lines and human tissues, endogenous MDR1 expression was well correlated to CDX2 expression. Overexpression of CDX2 in HT-29 cells revealed increased resistance to the known substrate of MDR1, vincristine and paclitaxel, which was reversed by an MDR1 inhibitor, verapamil. These data indicate that CDX2 directly regulates MDR1 gene expression through binding to elements in the promoter region. Thus, CDX2 is probably important for basal expression of MDR1, regulating drug excretion and absorption in the lower gastrointestinal tract, as well as for multidrug resistance to chemotherapy reagent in CDX2-positive gastrointestinal cancers. Cancer Res; 70(17); 6767–78. ©2010 AACR.
- Published
- 2023
29. Supplementary Figure 1 from CDX2 Regulates Multidrug Resistance 1 Gene Expression in Malignant Intestinal Epithelium
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Hideki Ohdan, Wataru Yasui, Eric R. Fearon, Aytekin Akyol, Masazumi Okajima, Yasuo Kawaguchi, Tatsunari Sasada, Naohide Oue, Takao Hinoi, and Yuji Takakura
- Abstract
Supplementary Figure 1 from CDX2 Regulates Multidrug Resistance 1 Gene Expression in Malignant Intestinal Epithelium
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- 2023
30. Supplementary Figure 1 Legend from CDX2 Regulates Multidrug Resistance 1 Gene Expression in Malignant Intestinal Epithelium
- Author
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Hideki Ohdan, Wataru Yasui, Eric R. Fearon, Aytekin Akyol, Masazumi Okajima, Yasuo Kawaguchi, Tatsunari Sasada, Naohide Oue, Takao Hinoi, and Yuji Takakura
- Abstract
Supplementary Figure 1 Legend from CDX2 Regulates Multidrug Resistance 1 Gene Expression in Malignant Intestinal Epithelium
- Published
- 2023
31. Supplementary Table 2 from CDX2 Regulates Multidrug Resistance 1 Gene Expression in Malignant Intestinal Epithelium
- Author
-
Hideki Ohdan, Wataru Yasui, Eric R. Fearon, Aytekin Akyol, Masazumi Okajima, Yasuo Kawaguchi, Tatsunari Sasada, Naohide Oue, Takao Hinoi, and Yuji Takakura
- Abstract
Supplementary Table 2 from CDX2 Regulates Multidrug Resistance 1 Gene Expression in Malignant Intestinal Epithelium
- Published
- 2023
32. FEASIBILITY STUDY OF NEW HEAT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM WITH DRAG-REDUCING SURFACTANT ADDITIVES
- Author
-
Pei-Wen Li, Yasuo Kawaguchi, and Akira Yabe
- Published
- 2023
33. Fluid dynamic design for low hemolysis in a hydrodynamically levitated centrifugal blood pump.
- Author
-
Tomotaka Murashige, Ryo Kosaka, Masahiro Nishida, Osamu Maruyama, Takashi Yamane 0001, Katsuyuki Kuwana, and Yasuo Kawaguchi
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Effect of impeller flow path on pump performance and impeller stability of the monopivot circulatory pump.
- Author
-
Masahiro Nishida, Kento Nakayama, Ryo Kosaka, Osamu Maruyama, Yasuo Kawaguchi, Katsuyuki Kuwana, and Takashi Yamane 0001
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Presynaptic supervision of cortical spine dynamics in motor learning
- Author
-
Jaerin Sohn, Mototaka Suzuki, Mohammed Youssef, Sayuri Hatada, Matthew E. Larkum, Yasuo Kawaguchi, and Yoshiyuki Kubota
- Subjects
Mammals ,Neurons ,Multidisciplinary ,Pyramidal Cells ,Motor Cortex ,Animals ,Learning ,Neocortex - Abstract
In mammalian neocortex, learning triggers the formation and turnover of new postsynaptic spines on pyramidal cell dendrites. However, the biological principles of spine reorganization during learning remain elusive because the identity of their presynaptic neuronal partners is unknown. Here, we show that two presynaptic neural circuits supervise distinct programs of spine dynamics to execute learning. We imaged spine dynamics in motor cortex during learning and performed post hoc identification of their afferent presynaptic neurons. New spines that appeared during learning formed small transient contacts with corticocortical neurons that were eliminated on skill acquisition. In contrast, persistent spines with axons from thalamic neurons were formed and enlarged. These results suggest that pyramidal cell dendrites in motor cortex use a neural circuit division of labor during skill learning, with dynamic teaching contacts from top-down intracortical axons followed by synaptic memory formation driven by thalamic axons. Dual spine supervision may govern diverse skill learning in the neocortex.
- Published
- 2022
36. Opponent Learning with Different Representations in the Cortico-Basal Ganglia Circuits
- Author
-
Yasuo Kawaguchi, Keiichi Morita, and Kanji Shimomura
- Subjects
Successor cardinal ,Computer science ,Appetitive learning ,General Neuroscience ,Basal ganglia ,Combined use ,Representation (systemics) ,Reinforcement learning ,General Medicine ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
The direct and indirect pathways of the basal ganglia (BG) have been suggested to learn mainly from positive and negative feedbacks, respectively. Since these pathways unevenly receive inputs from different cortical neuron types and/or regions, they may preferentially use different state/action representations. We explored whether such a combined use of different representations, coupled with different learning rates from positive and negative reward prediction errors (RPEs), has computational benefits. We modeled animal as an agent equipped with two learning systems, each of which adopted individual representation (IR) or successor representation (SR) of states. With varying the combination of IR or SR and also the learning rates from positive and negative RPEs in each system, we examined how the agent performed in a dynamic reward navigation task. We found that combination of SR-based system learning mainly from positive RPEs and IR-based system learning mainly from negative RPEs could achieve a good performance in the task, as compared with other combinations. In such a combination of appetitive SR-based and aversive IR-based systems, both systems show activities of comparable magnitudes with opposite signs, consistent with the suggested profiles of the two BG pathways. Moreover, the architecture of such a combination provides a novel coherent explanation for the functional significance and underlying mechanism of diverse findings about the cortico-BG circuits. These results suggest that particularly combining different representations with appetitive and aversive learning could be an effective learning strategy in certain dynamic environments, and it might actually be implemented in the cortico-BG circuits.
- Published
- 2023
37. Dopamine Drives Neuronal Excitability via KCNQ Channel Phosphorylation for Reward Behavior
- Author
-
Daisuke Tsuboi, Takeshi Otsuka, Takushi Shimomura, Md Omar Faruk, Yukie Yamahashi, Mutsuki Amano, Yasuhiro Funahashi, Keisuke Kuroda, Tomoki Nishioka, Kenta Kobayashi, Hiromi Sano, Taku Nagai, Kiyofumi Yamada, Anastasios V. Tzingounis, Atsushi Nambu, Yoshihiro Kubo, Yasuo Kawaguchi, and Kozo Kaibuchi
- Subjects
Neurons ,History ,Polymers and Plastics ,Dopamine ,Mental Disorders ,Receptors, Dopamine D1 ,Nerve Tissue Proteins ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Mice ,Reward ,Animals ,KCNQ2 Potassium Channel ,Phosphorylation ,Business and International Management - Abstract
Dysfunctional dopamine signaling is implicated in various neuropsychological disorders. Previously, we reported that dopamine increases D1 receptor (D1R)-expressing medium spiny neuron (MSN) excitability and firing rates in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) via the PKA/Rap1/ERK pathway to promote reward behavior. Here, the results show that the D1R agonist, SKF81297, inhibits KCNQ-mediated currents and increases D1R-MSN firing rates in murine NAc slices, which is abolished by ERK inhibition. In vitro ERK phosphorylates KCNQ2 at Ser414 and Ser476; in vivo, KCNQ2 is phosphorylated downstream of dopamine signaling in NAc slices. Conditional deletion of Kcnq2 in D1R-MSNs reduces the inhibitory effect of SKF81297 on KCNQ channel activity, while enhancing neuronal excitability and cocaine-induced reward behavior. These effects are restored by wild-type, but not phospho-deficient KCNQ2. Hence, D1R-ERK signaling controls MSN excitability via KCNQ2 phosphorylation to regulate reward behavior, making KCNQ2 a potential therapeutical target for psychiatric diseases with a dysfunctional reward circuit.
- Published
- 2022
38. Dissimilar Turbulent Momentum and Heat Transfer Associated with Viscoelastic Vibration in Channel Flow
- Author
-
Shumpei Hara, Kana Watanabe, Yuichi Kaiho, Takahiro Tsukahara, and Yasuo Kawaguchi
- Subjects
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,Mechanical Engineering ,Condensed Matter Physics - Published
- 2022
39. Semaphorin 6A–Plexin A2/A4 Interactions with Radial Glia Regulate Migration Termination of Superficial Layer Cortical Neurons
- Author
-
Akira Sakakibara, Mitsuharu Hattori, Go Shioi, Takahiko Kawasaki, Tatsumi Hirata, Takao Kohno, Takaya Abe, Yasuo Kawaguchi, and Yumiko Hatanaka
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,animal structures ,Cell ,Mutant ,02 engineering and technology ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Gene expression ,medicine ,Receptor ,lcsh:Science ,Molecular Biology ,Gene knockout ,Messenger RNA ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Chemistry ,Plexin ,Biological Sciences ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Ligand (biochemistry) ,Cell biology ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,nervous system ,Cellular Neuroscience ,biology.protein ,lcsh:Q ,Molecular Neuroscience ,0210 nano-technology ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Summary Precise regulation of neuronal migration termination is crucial for the establishment of brain cytoarchitectures. However, little is known about how neurons terminate migration. Here we focused on interactions between migrating cortical neurons and their substrates, radial glial (RG) cells, and analyzed the role of Plexin A2 and A4 (PlxnA2/A4) receptors and their repulsive ligand, Semaphorin 6A (Sema6A), for this process. In both PlxnA2/A4 double-knockout and Sema6A mutant mice, the outermost cortical plate neurons ectopically invade layer 1 at a stage when they should reach their destinations. PlxnA2/A4 proteins are abundantly expressed on their leading processes, whereas Sema6A mRNA is enriched in RG cell somata. Cell-targeted gene expression and conditional knockouts indicate critical roles for these molecules. We hypothesize that the timely appearance of repulsive signaling mediated by Sema6A–PlxnA2/A4 weakens migrating neuron–RG cell interactions, leading to migration termination., Graphical Abstract, Highlights • Loss of PlxnA2/A4 results in superficial layer neurons invading layer 1 • PlxnA2/A4 works cell autonomously to settle these neurons properly • Lack of Sema6A in radial glial cells causes similar mispositioning of these neurons • Sema6A–PlxnA2/A4 signaling determines settling position of superficial layer neurons, Biological Sciences; Molecular Biology; Neuroscience; Molecular Neuroscience; Cellular Neuroscience
- Published
- 2019
40. Turbulent Drag Reduction by Surfactant Additives
- Author
-
Feng-Chen Li, Bo Yu, Jin-Jia Wei, Yasuo Kawaguchi and Feng-Chen Li, Bo Yu, Jin-Jia Wei, Yasuo Kawaguchi
- Published
- 2012
41. Direct numerical simulation of turbulence over resolved and modeled rough walls with irregularly distributed roughness
- Author
-
Yusuke Kuwata and Yasuo Kawaguchi
- Subjects
Lattice Boltzmann method ,Direct numerical simulation ,Lattice Boltzmann methods ,02 engineering and technology ,Reynolds stress ,01 natural sciences ,Rough wall turbulence ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Physics::Fluid Dynamics ,symbols.namesake ,0203 mechanical engineering ,Parasitic drag ,0103 physical sciences ,Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,Physics ,Turbulence ,Mechanical Engineering ,Reynolds number ,Mechanics ,Dissipation ,Condensed Matter Physics ,020303 mechanical engineering & transports ,Drag ,symbols ,Macroscopic rough wall model - Abstract
application/pdf, International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow. 2019, 77, P.1-18
- Published
- 2019
42. An extension of the second moment closure model for turbulent flows over macro rough walls
- Author
-
Kazuhiko Suga, Yasuo Kawaguchi, and Yusuke Kuwata
- Subjects
Double averaging ,Second moment of area ,02 engineering and technology ,Reynolds stress ,Rough wall turbulence ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Physics::Fluid Dynamics ,symbols.namesake ,0203 mechanical engineering ,Parasitic drag ,0103 physical sciences ,Hydraulic diameter ,Turbulence modeling ,Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,Physics ,Second moment closure ,Turbulence ,Mechanical Engineering ,Reynolds number ,Mechanics ,Condensed Matter Physics ,020303 mechanical engineering & transports ,Drag ,symbols - Abstract
application/pdf, International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow. 2019, 77, P.186-201
- Published
- 2019
43. Control of excitatory hierarchical circuits by parvalbumin-FS basket cells in layer 5 of the frontal cortex: insights for cortical oscillations
- Author
-
Mika Ushimaru, Yoshiyuki Kubota, Mieko Morishima, Takeshi Otsuka, and Yasuo Kawaguchi
- Subjects
Frontal cortex ,Physiology ,Review ,fast-spiking cell ,Neuron types ,Cortex (anatomy) ,parvalbumin ,medicine ,Animals ,Layer (object-oriented design) ,GABAergic Neurons ,biology ,Chemistry ,frontal cortex ,General Neuroscience ,Pyramidal Cells ,Brain Waves ,Corpus Striatum ,Frontal Lobe ,Rats ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Parvalbumins ,pyramidal cell subtype ,Cortical oscillations ,Excitatory postsynaptic potential ,biology.protein ,Nerve Net ,gamma oscillation ,Neuroscience ,Parvalbumin - Abstract
The cortex contains multiple neuron types with specific connectivity and functions. Recent progress has provided a better understanding of the interactions of these neuron types as well as their output organization particularly for the frontal cortex, with implications for the circuit mechanisms underlying cortical oscillations that have cognitive functions. Layer 5 pyramidal cells (PCs) in the frontal cortex comprise two major subtypes: crossed-corticostriatal (CCS) and corticopontine (CPn) cells. Functionally, CCS and CPn cells exhibit similar phase-dependent firing during gamma waves but participate in two distinct subnetworks that are linked unidirectionally from CCS to CPn cells. GABAergic parvalbumin-expressing fast-spiking (PV-FS) cells, necessary for gamma oscillation, innervate PCs, with stronger and global inhibition to somata and weaker and localized inhibitions to dendritic shafts/spines. While PV-FS cells form reciprocal connections with both CCS and CPn cells, the excitation from CPn to PV-FS cells exhibits short-term synaptic dynamics conducive for oscillation induction. The electrical coupling between PV-FS cells facilitates spike synchronization among PV-FS cells receiving common excitatory inputs from local PCs and inhibits other PV-FS cells via electrically communicated spike afterhyperpolarizations. These connectivity characteristics can promote synchronous firing in the local networks of CPn cells and firing of some CCS cells by anode-break excitation. Thus subsets of L5 CCS and CPn cells within different levels of connection hierarchy exhibit coordinated activity via their common connections with PV-FS cells, and the resulting PC output drives diverse neuronal targets in cortical layer 1 and the striatum with specific temporal precision, expanding the computational power of the cortical network.
- Published
- 2019
44. Exergy transfer characteristics analysis of turbulent heat transfer enhancement in surfactant solution
- Author
-
Shumpei Hara, Yasuo Kawaguchi, and Andrew Maxson
- Subjects
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,Materials science ,Turbulence ,Water flow ,Mechanical Engineering ,Heat transfer enhancement ,02 engineering and technology ,Mechanics ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Concentric tube heat exchanger ,Fluid transport ,01 natural sciences ,Nusselt number ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Pipe flow ,0103 physical sciences ,Heat transfer ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
This paper presents an exergy transfer analysis for turbulent drag reducing surfactant solution flow with and without heat transfer enhancement devices which employ static or dynamic mixers. Heat transfer and pressure drop measurements were performed at an inlet temperature of 297.7–298.2 K in pipe flow with a concentric tube heat exchanger. The environmental temperature in the analysis was set to be 288.2 K in assumption of a cooling system. The experimental range of the Reynolds number was 1.0 × 10 4 to 4.2 × 10 4 . Adding surfactant to a water flow decreases the exergy transfer Nusselt number, Nu e , owing to the heat transfer reduction and increases the exergy transfer efficiency, η eff , by a maximum of 9.3% at high Reynolds numbers at moderate fluid transport distance owing to the drag reduction. Also the secondary flow caused by the enhancement devices increases Nu e . The proposed flow performance curve which provides η eff for an arbitrary Nu e shows that η eff in viscoelastic fluid flow compared to Newtonian fluid flow is small independently of the fluid transport distance, and that the installation of heat transfer enhancement devices has a positive effect on energy-saving in certain ranges of Reynolds numbers and fluid transport distances.
- Published
- 2019
45. Direct numerical simulation of turbulence over systematically varied irregular rough surfaces
- Author
-
Yasuo Kawaguchi and Yusuke Kuwata
- Subjects
Physics ,Turbulence simulation ,Turbulence ,Turbulent boundary layers ,Mechanical Engineering ,Direct numerical simulation ,Lattice Boltzmann methods ,Mechanics ,Surface finish ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Physics::Fluid Dynamics ,010101 applied mathematics ,Correlation function (statistical mechanics) ,Mechanics of Materials ,Skewness ,Parasitic drag ,Drag ,0103 physical sciences ,Turbulent Flows ,0101 mathematics - Abstract
Lattice Boltzmann direct numerical simulation of turbulent open-channel flows over randomly distributed hemispheres at $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}=600$ is carried out to reveal the influence of roughness parameters related to a probability density function of rough-surface elevation on turbulence by analysing the spatial and Reynolds- (double-) averaged Navier–Stokes equation. This study specifically concentrates on the influence of the root-mean-square roughness and the skewness, and profiles of turbulence statistics are compared by introducing an effective wall-normal distance defined as a wall-normal integrated plane porosity. The effective distance can completely collapse the total shear stress outside the roughness sublayer, and thus the similarity of the streamwise mean velocity is clearer by introducing the effective distance. In order to examine the influence of the root-mean-square roughness and the skewness on dynamical effects that contribute to an increase in the skin friction coefficient, the triple-integrated double-averaged Navier–Stokes equation is analysed. The main contributors to the skin friction coefficient are found to be turbulence and drag force. The turbulence contribution increases with the root-mean-square roughness and/or the skewness. The drag force contribution, on the other hand, increases in particular with the root-mean-square roughness whereas an increase in the skewness does not increase the drag force contribution because it does not necessarily increase the surface area of the roughness elements. The contribution of the mean velocity dispersion induced by spatial inhomogeneity of the rough surfaces substantially increases with the root-mean-square roughness. A linear correlation is confirmed between the root-mean-square roughness and the equivalent roughness while the equivalent roughness monotonically increases with the skewness. A new correlation function based on the root-mean-square roughness and the skewness is developed with the available experimental and direct numerical simulation data, and it is confirmed that the developed correlation reasonably predicts the equivalent roughness of various types of real rough surfaces.
- Published
- 2019
46. 粘弾性流体バックステップ乱流におけるDNSと応力方程式モデル
- Author
-
Kazuki ODA, Takahiro TSUKAHARA, and Yasuo KAWAGUCHI
- Published
- 2019
47. Statistical discussions on skin frictional drag of turbulence over randomly distributed semi-spheres
- Author
-
Yusuke Kuwata and Yasuo Kawaguchi
- Subjects
Physics ,Turbulence ,Lattice Boltzmann method ,Lattice Boltzmann methods ,Direct numerical simulation ,Velocity dispersion ,Mechanics ,01 natural sciences ,Rough wall turbulence ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Open-channel flow ,Physics::Fluid Dynamics ,Acceleration ,Parasitic drag ,Drag ,0103 physical sciences ,010306 general physics ,Volume averaging theory - Abstract
application/pdf, International Journal of Advances in Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics. 2018, 10 (4), P.263-272
- Published
- 2018
48. An N-parallel FENE-P constitutive model and its application in large-eddy simulation of viscoelastic turbulent drag-reducing flow
- Author
-
Yasuo Kawaguchi, Jingfa Li, Bo Yu, Dongliang Sun, and Shuyu Sun
- Subjects
General Computer Science ,Computer simulation ,Turbulence ,Constitutive equation ,02 engineering and technology ,Mechanics ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Viscoelasticity ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Theoretical Computer Science ,Open-channel flow ,Physics::Fluid Dynamics ,Drag ,Modeling and Simulation ,0103 physical sciences ,Relaxation (approximation) ,0210 nano-technology ,Large eddy simulation ,Mathematics - Abstract
In this paper, an N-parallel FENE-P constitutive model based on multiple relaxation times is proposed, it can be viewed as a simplified version of the multi-mode FENE-P model under the assumption of identical deformation rate. The proposed model holds the merit of multiple relaxation times to preserve good computational accuracy but could reduce the computational cost, especially in the application of high-fidelity numerical simulation of viscoelastic turbulent drag-reducing flow. Firstly the establishment of N-parallel FENE-P model and the numerical approach to calculate the apparent viscosity are introduced. Then the proposed model is compared with the experimental data and the conventional FENE-P model in estimating rheological properties of two common-used viscoelastic fluids to validate its performance. This work is an extended version of our ICCS conference paper [ 1 ]. To further judge the performance of the proposed FENE-P model in complex turbulent flows, the extended application of the proposed model in large-eddy simulation of viscoelastic turbulent drag-reducing channel flow is carried out.
- Published
- 2018
49. Corticocortical innervation subtypes of layer 5 intratelencephalic cells in the murine secondary motor cortex
- Author
-
Sanghun Im, Yoshifumi Ueta, Takeshi Otsuka, Mieko Morishima, Mohammed Youssef, Yasuharu Hirai, Kenta Kobayashi, Ryosuke Kaneko, Kenji Morita, and Yasuo Kawaguchi
- Subjects
Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Mice ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Parietal Lobe ,Neural Pathways ,Motor Cortex ,Animals ,Corpus Striatum ,Electrophysiological Phenomena - Abstract
Feedback projections from the secondary motor cortex (M2) to the primary motor and sensory cortices are essential for behavior selection and sensory perception. Intratelencephalic (IT) cells in layer 5 (L5) contribute feedback projections to diverse cortical areas. Here we show that L5 IT cells participating in feedback connections to layer 1 (L1) exhibit distinct projection patterns, genetic profiles, and electrophysiological properties relative to other L5 IT cells. An analysis of the MouseLight database found that L5 IT cells preferentially targeting L1 project broadly to more cortical regions, including the perirhinal and auditory cortices, and innervate a larger volume of striatum than the other L5 IT cells. We found experimentally that in upper L5 (L5a), ER81 (ETV1) was found more often in L1-preferring IT cells, and in IT cells projecting to perirhinal/auditory regions than those projecting to primary motor or somatosensory regions. The perirhinal region-projecting L5a IT cells were synaptically connected to each other and displayed lower input resistance than contra-M2 projecting IT cells including L1-preferring and nonpreferring cells. Our findings suggest that M2-L5a IT L1-preferring cells exhibit stronger ER81 expression and broader cortical/striatal projection fields than do cells that do not preferentially target L1.
- Published
- 2021
50. Macroscopic Modelling of Rough Wall Turbulence Based on the Second Moment Closure
- Author
-
Yusuke Kuwata, Yasuo Kawaguchi, and Kazuhiko Suga
- Subjects
Materials science ,Turbulence ,Closure (topology) ,Second moment of area ,Mechanics - Abstract
application/pdf, THMT-18. Turbulence Heat and Mass Transfer 9 Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium On Turbulence Heat and Mass Transfer. 2018, P.399-407, The definite conference on Turbulence, Heat and Mass Transfer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, July 10-13, 2018
- Published
- 2018
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