19 results on '"Yasuo, Ohkoshi"'
Search Results
2. Novel antimicrobial activities of a peptide derived from a Japanese soybean fermented food, Natto, against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Bacillus subtilis group strains
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Manabu Kitagawa, Tsukasa Shiraishi, Soh Yamamoto, Ryosuke Kutomi, Yasuo Ohkoshi, Toyotaka Sato, Hideki Wakui, Hideaki Itoh, Atsushi Miyamoto, and Shin-ichi Yokota
- Subjects
Natto ,Antimicrobial peptide ,Streptococcus pneumoniae ,Bacillus subtilis ,Subtilisin ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Abstract We recently isolated a tumoricidal peptide from Natto, a Japanese traditional fermented food. In the present study, antimicrobial activity of the Natto peptide was examined. The peptide consisted of 45 amino acid residues, and its structure was predicted to be rich in α-helix. It excreted antimicrobial activity only against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Bacillus subtilis group (B. subtilis, Bacillus pumilus, and Bacillus licheniformis). Lesser antimicrobial activity was observed for Streptococcus species other than S. pneumoniae. Hemolysate or hemin was required for the antimicrobial activity of the peptide. The Natto peptide damages the cell membrane of B. subtilis. On the other hand, chain morphology was induced in S. pneumoniae, which is naturally diplococcus, during the early phases of the Natto peptide treatment; following that the cells were rapidly lysed. This suggested that the Natto peptide displayed a novel narrow spectrum of bactericidal activity and inhibited cell separation during cell division of S. pneumoniae.
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- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Campylobacter upsaliensis isolated from a giant hepatic cyst
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Chie Nakajima, Yukari Fukushima, Shin-ichi Yokota, Kohei Sakai, Hiromi Murabayashi, Toyotaka Sato, Yasuhiko Suzuki, Yasuo Ohkoshi, and Yasunari Takakuwa
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DNA, Bacterial ,Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Microbiology (medical) ,Catheters ,Liver Abscess ,030106 microbiology ,Cefoperazone ,Campylobacter upsaliensis ,Microbiology ,Enteritis ,Agar plate ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Campylobacter Infections ,medicine ,Humans ,Paracentesis ,Pharmacology (medical) ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Aged ,biology ,Cysts ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Isolation (microbiology) ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Treatment Outcome ,Infectious Diseases ,Liver ,Sulbactam ,Bacteremia ,Multilocus sequence typing ,Drug Therapy, Combination ,Hepatic Cyst ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,Multilocus Sequence Typing ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Campylobacter upsaliensis is an enteropathogenic bacterium in animals, and is also rarely isolated from humans, where it can cause enteritis and bacteremia. This report describes the first case of isolation of C. upsaliensis from an infected giant hepatic cyst. This bacterium could not be cultured from abscess punctuate in a usual Campylobacter-selection medium (charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar medium), because of high concentration of cefoperazone as a selection agent. It could not identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrum. Rather, it was identified as C. upsaliensis by whole genome sequencing, including by multilocus sequence typing.
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- 2020
4. Whole genome analysis of a multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae isolate from a patient with invasive pneumococcal infection developing disseminated intravascular coagulation
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Yasunari Takakuwa, Yukari Fukushima, Koji Kuronuma, Shin-ichi Yokota, Kaoru Nishiyama, Takayuki Wada, Tsukasa Shiraishi, Hiroyuki Honda, Hiroki Takahashi, Hiromi Murabayashi, Yasuhiko Suzuki, Chie Nakajima, Yasuo Ohkoshi, and Toyotaka Sato
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0301 basic medicine ,Microbiology (medical) ,medicine.drug_class ,030106 microbiology ,Drug resistance ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Serogroup ,Pneumococcal Infections ,Microbiology ,Macrolide Antibiotics ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Japan ,Streptococcus mitis ,Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ,Streptococcus pneumoniae ,medicine ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Whole Genome Sequencing ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ,Middle Aged ,bacterial infections and mycoses ,biology.organism_classification ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Multiple drug resistance ,Infectious Diseases ,chemistry ,Linezolid ,Vancomycin ,Female ,Daptomycin ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,Genome, Bacterial ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains were isolated from blood and sputum of a patient with disseminated intravascular coagulation in Sapporo city, Japan. These antibiograms were only susceptible to vancomycin, linezolid, daptomycin, some carbapenems, and some fluoroquinolones. Identical antibiograms, serotypes (19F), and sequence types (ST10017) suggested a shared origin of these isolates. Only one ST10017 strain has been isolated in the same city in Japan previously (2014), and the 2014 isolate is still susceptible to macrolides. The whole genome of the blood-derived isolate was sequenced. The strain harbored resistance mutations in parC, gyrA, pbp1a, pbp2a, pbp2b, and pbp2x, and harbored the resistance genes, ermB and tetM. The nucleotide sequences of parC and pbp2x genes of strain MDRSPN001 were clearly different from those of other S. pneumoniae strains and were similar to those of oral streptococci strains. These findings suggest that strain MDRSPN001 has been rapidly and drastically evolving multidrug resistance by gene replacement and accumulation of genes originating from other strains, such as oral streptococci, Streptococcus mitis.
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- 2017
5. Complete Genome Sequence of Multidrug-Resistant
- Author
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Toyotaka, Sato, Yasuo, Ohkoshi, Takayuki, Wada, Yukari, Fukushima, Hiromi, Murabayashi, Yasunari, Takakuwa, Kaoru, Nishiyama, Tsukasa, Shiraishi, Chie, Nakajima, Yasuhiko, Suzuki, and Shin-Ichi, Yokota
- Subjects
Prokaryotes ,respiratory tract diseases - Abstract
Invasive infection of multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae is a serious clinical concern. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of a multidrug-resistant S. pneumoniae serotype 19F strain isolated from a patient with an invasive infection in Sapporo, Japan.
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- 2017
6. Complete Genome Sequence of Multidrug-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 19F Isolated from an Invasive Infection in Sapporo, Japan
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Yukari Fukushima, Toyotaka Sato, Kaoru Nishiyama, Hiromi Murabayashi, Takayuki Wada, Shin-ichi Yokota, Tsukasa Shiraishi, Yasuo Ohkoshi, Chie Nakajima, Yasunari Takakuwa, and Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Serotype ,Whole genome sequencing ,Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype ,Strain (biology) ,030106 microbiology ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Virology ,Microbiology ,Multiple drug resistance ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,030228 respiratory system ,Streptococcus pneumoniae ,Genetics ,medicine ,Molecular Biology - Abstract
Invasive infection of multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae is a serious clinical concern. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of a multidrug-resistant S. pneumoniae serotype 19F strain isolated from a patient with an invasive infection in Sapporo, Japan.
- Published
- 2017
7. Novel antimicrobial activities of a peptide derived from a Japanese soybean fermented food, Natto, against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Bacillus subtilis group strains
- Author
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Hideki Wakui, Hideaki Itoh, Atsushi Miyamoto, Shin-ichi Yokota, Tsukasa Shiraishi, Soh Yamamoto, Yasuo Ohkoshi, Manabu Kitagawa, Toyotaka Sato, and Ryosuke Kutomi
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,lcsh:Biotechnology ,lcsh:QR1-502 ,Biophysics ,Peptide ,Bacillus subtilis ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,lcsh:Microbiology ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,lcsh:TP248.13-248.65 ,Streptococcus pneumoniae ,medicine ,Bacillus licheniformis ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,biology ,010405 organic chemistry ,Bacillus pumilus ,Subtilisin ,Hemolysin ,biology.organism_classification ,Antimicrobial ,0104 chemical sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Biochemistry ,chemistry ,Natto ,Original Article ,Antimicrobial peptide - Abstract
We recently isolated a tumoricidal peptide from Natto, a Japanese traditional fermented food. In the present study, antimicrobial activity of the Natto peptide was examined. The peptide consisted of 45 amino acid residues, and its structure was predicted to be rich in α-helix. It excreted antimicrobial activity only against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Bacillus subtilis group (B. subtilis, Bacillus pumilus, and Bacillus licheniformis). Lesser antimicrobial activity was observed for Streptococcus species other than S. pneumoniae. Hemolysate or hemin was required for the antimicrobial activity of the peptide. The Natto peptide damages the cell membrane of B. subtilis. On the other hand, chain morphology was induced in S. pneumoniae, which is naturally diplococcus, during the early phases of the Natto peptide treatment; following that the cells were rapidly lysed. This suggested that the Natto peptide displayed a novel narrow spectrum of bactericidal activity and inhibited cell separation during cell division of S. pneumoniae.
- Published
- 2017
8. Mechanism of Reduced Susceptibility to Fosfomycin in Escherichia coli Clinical Isolates
- Author
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Toyotaka Sato, Shin-ichi Yokota, Tsukasa Shiraishi, Noriko Ogasawara, Yasuo Ohkoshi, Yuuki Suzuki, and Soh Yamamoto
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Monosaccharide Transport Proteins ,Article Subject ,030106 microbiology ,Glucose-6-Phosphate ,lcsh:Medicine ,Drug resistance ,Fosfomycin ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Escherichia coli ,medicine ,Humans ,Gene ,Escherichia coli Infections ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Genetics ,Mutation ,Alkyl and Aryl Transferases ,Base Sequence ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,Escherichia coli Proteins ,lcsh:R ,Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ,General Medicine ,cyaA ,Drug Resistance, Multiple ,Multiple drug resistance ,Enzyme ,chemistry ,Research Article ,medicine.drug - Abstract
In recent years, multidrug resistance ofEscherichia colihas become a serious problem. However, resistance to fosfomycin (FOM) has been low. We screenedE. coliclinical isolates with reduced susceptibility to FOM and characterized molecular mechanisms of resistance and reduced susceptibility of these strains. Ten strains showing reduced FOM susceptibility (MIC ≥ 8 μg/mL) in 211 clinical isolates were found and examined. Acquisition of genes encoding FOM-modifying enzyme genes (fosgenes) and mutations inmurAthat underlie high resistance to FOM were not observed. We examined ability of FOM incorporation via glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) transporter andsn-glycerol-3-phosphate transporter. In ten strains, nine showed lack of growth on M9 minimum salt agar supplemented with G6P. Eight of the ten strains showed fluctuated induction by G6P ofuhpTthat encodes G6P transporter expression. Nucleotide sequences of theuhpT,uhpA, glpT,ptsI, andcyaAshared several deletions and amino acid mutations in the nine strains with lack of growth on G6P-supplemented M9 agar. In conclusion, reduction ofuhpTfunction is largely responsible for the reduced sensitivity to FOM in clinical isolates that have not acquired FOM-modifying genes or mutations inmurA. However, there are a few strains whose mechanisms of reduced susceptibility to FOM are still unclear.
- Published
- 2017
9. High Prevalence of Cross-Resistance to Aminoglycosides in Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Escherichia coli Clinical Isolates
- Author
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Yutaka Tamura, Naoyuki Tsukamoto, Shin-ichi Yokota, Yasuo Ohkoshi, Toyotaka Sato, Torahiko Okubo, Osamu Kuwahara, and Nobuhiro Fujii
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Pharmacology ,Molecular epidemiology ,General Medicine ,Drug resistance ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Virology ,Microbiology ,Infectious Diseases ,Antibiotic resistance ,Oncology ,Amikacin ,Drug Discovery ,Genotype ,medicine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Gentamicin ,Escherichia coli ,Cross-resistance ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background: Multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli, especially a lineage of O25b:H4-ST131, has increased and spread worldwide. The surveillance of cross-resistance of E. coli is necessary. Methods: Cross-resistance to fluoroquinolones (FQs) and aminoglycosides (AGs) was examined in E. coli isolated in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan, between 2008 and 2009. Results: Gentamicin (GEN) resistance was more common in FQ-resistant isolates (30/112 strains; 26.8%) than in FQ-susceptible isolates (2/100 strains; 2%). The frequency of GEN resistance was similar in two groups of FQ-resistant strains, O25b:H4-ST131 genotype (22/87 strains; 25.3%) and a group of other FQ-resistant genotypes (8/25 strains; 32.0%). The main AG resistance gene was aac(3)-II (87.5% of GEN-resistant strains). The only amikacin-resistant strain which was FQ resistant carried the aac(6')-Ib-cr gene. CTX-M type extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes were also found in FQ-resistant strains at a high frequency. However, the number of strains with both ESBL and AG-modifying enzyme genes was relatively low (8 strains). Conclusion: All FQ-resistant strains, not only O25b:H4-ST131, appeared to preferentially acquire ESBL genes and/or genes encoding AG-modifying enzymes; however, the acquisitions of these genes seemed to occur independently.
- Published
- 2013
10. Prevalence of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Escherichia coli O25:H4-ST131 (CTX-M-15-Nonproducing) Strains Isolated in Japan
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Tamaki Okabayashi, Torahiko Okubo, Shin-ichi Yokota, Toyotaka Sato, Yasuo Ohkoshi, Osamu Kuwahara, Nobuhiro Fujii, and Yutaka Tamura
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,Sitafloxacin ,medicine.drug_class ,Antibiotics ,macromolecular substances ,General Medicine ,Drug susceptibility ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Fluoroquinolone resistance ,Microbiology ,Multiple drug resistance ,Infectious Diseases ,Oncology ,Levofloxacin ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,bacteria ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Escherichia coli ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background: Fluoroquinolone-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-carrying multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli have become severely problematic. In particular, a lineage of multilocus sequence-type ST131 which belongs to O25:H4 and carries ESBL CTX-M-15 has spread worldwide. Methods: Fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli strains were isolated from various clinical specimens in a commercial clinical laboratory in 2008 and 2009 in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan. Results: Among 478 clinical isolates, 112 strains (23.4%) showed levofloxacin (LVX) resistance. About 80% of the fluoroquinolone-resistant strains (88 strains) showed common features, namely O25:H4-ST131, phylogenetic group B and the same mutation pattern in quinolone resistance-determining regions. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis patterns suggested numerous lineages of O25:H4-ST131. The fluoroquinolone-resistant strains, including strains of O25:H4-ST131 and other types, more frequently shared CTX-type ESBL genes than did fluoroquinolone-susceptible strains. The ESBL genes fell into the CTX-M-9 and CTX-M-2 groups. CTX-M-15 (CTX-M-1 group) was not found among any of the strains isolated in this study. Sitafloxacin showed markedly potent activity against E. coli isolates compared with LVX, ciprofloxacin and ulifloxacin. Conclusion: The most prevalent fluoroquinolone-resistant strains of E. coli isolated in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan, are O25:H4-ST131. However, similar to other areas of Japan, the ST131 clones represent distinct lineages from the general worldwide dispersal of multidrug-resistant clones which carry CTX-M-15.
- Published
- 2012
11. Susceptibility and bactericidal activity of 8 oral quinolones against conventional-fluoroquinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae clinical isolates
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Shin-ichi Yokota, Nobuhiro Fujii, and Yasuo Ohkoshi
- Subjects
Microbiology (medical) ,Sitafloxacin ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,Quinolones ,medicine.disease_cause ,Pneumococcal Infections ,Garenoxacin ,Microbiology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Japan ,Levofloxacin ,Moxifloxacin ,Drug Resistance, Bacterial ,Streptococcus pneumoniae ,medicine ,Humans ,heterocyclic compounds ,Microbial Viability ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,bacterial infections and mycoses ,Gatifloxacin ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Ciprofloxacin ,Infectious Diseases ,Sparfloxacin ,chemistry ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
We evaluated the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters of 8 oral quinolones (ciprofloxacin, garenoxacin [GRNX], gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, prulifloxacin, sitafloxacin, and sparfloxacin) on 11 fluoroquinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains, screened from 780 strains isolated from various clinical sources in Japan. GRNX showed the highest area under the blood concentration time curve/MIC ratios, which exceeded the target values for bacterial eradication against all fluoroquinolone-resistant S. pneumoniae strains.
- Published
- 2009
12. Occurrence of Norovirus Infections Unrelated to Norovirus Outbreaks in an Asymptomatic Food Handler Population
- Author
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Koichi Yano, Hironori Ohuchi, Yasuhiro Yoshida, Yasuo Ohkoshi, Nobuhiro Fujii, Shin-ichi Yokota, Masayuki Kikuchi, and Tamaki Okabayashi
- Subjects
Microbiology (medical) ,Genotype ,Epidemiology ,viruses ,Population ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Asymptomatic ,Disease Outbreaks ,Feces ,fluids and secretions ,Prevalence ,medicine ,Humans ,education ,Phylogeny ,Caliciviridae Infections ,Molecular Epidemiology ,education.field_of_study ,Molecular epidemiology ,Norovirus ,Food Services ,virus diseases ,Outbreak ,Virology ,Carrier State ,medicine.symptom - Abstract
Norovirus (NV) is the most common causative agent of nonbacterial gastroenteritis. Reports of surveillance of NV in facilities that reported outbreaks are frequently found in publications, but reports of that in facilities without outbreaks are not found. We investigated the molecular epidemiology of NV isolates derived from asymptomatic food handlers working at a nonoutbreak food catering facility in Hokkaido, Japan, from February to March in 2005 and January to February in 2006 by RNA polymerase gene sequencing. Approximately 12% (20/159) of the samples were positive for genogroup II (GII; 10.1% in 2005 and 14.2% in 2006). The GI genotypes were not detected. The data from the phylogenetic analysis indicated that, among the 20 strains detected, 13 strains were GII/genotype 2 (GII/2), two were GII/3, three were GII/8, and two were GII/12. GII/4, which has been found most frequently in recent outbreaks worldwide, including Japan, was not detected. We found that one individual was coinfected with two genotypes, GII/2 and GII/12. This is the first report of the detection of NV genotypes in asymptomatic food handlers working at a nonoutbreak facility. The excretion of NV from healthy individuals may be an infection source of NV outbreaks as well as other food-borne diseases.
- Published
- 2008
13. Antibiotic susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae strains isolated from various clinical sources in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan
- Author
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Yasuo Ohkoshi, Shin-ichi Yokota, Kiyoshi Sato, Nobuhiro Fujii, Tasuku Hayashi, Keiko Matsuda, Osamu Kuwahara, and Hirotsugu Akizawa
- Subjects
Adult ,Microbiology (medical) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Haemophilus Infections ,Genotype ,medicine.drug_class ,Cephalosporin ,Antibiotics ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,Drug resistance ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,beta-Lactam Resistance ,beta-Lactamases ,Haemophilus influenzae ,Microbiology ,Medical microbiology ,Japan ,Prevalence ,polycyclic compounds ,medicine ,Humans ,Penicillin-Binding Proteins ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Respiratory system ,Child ,Respiratory Tract Infections ,Virology ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Infectious Diseases ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Child, Preschool ,Mutation ,Respiratory tract - Abstract
Any increase in beta-lactam-resistant Haemophilus influenzae is a serious problem in respiratory and otolaryngology medicine. In this study, we examined the antibiotic susceptibility and genotype of 457 clinical Haemophilus influenzae strains isolated in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan. Strains with beta-lactam-resistant mutations in gene encoding penicillin-binding protein 3 were more frequently found in lower respiratory tract specimens (sputa) than in upper respiratory tract specimens, such as rhinorrhea. The existence of the TEM-1 beta-lactamase gene occurred more frequently in adult patients than in pediatric patients. The results suggest that beta-lactam-resistant or nonsusceptible strains are more prevalent in adult patients with respiratory diseases. We observed only a very few strains which were nonsuscpetible to third-generation cephalosporins (CEPs) and carbapenems. However, 12%-13% of the strains were shown to be resistant to penicillins and second-generation CEPs, and approximately 4% of the strains were shown to be nonsusceptible to fourth-generation CEPs. In addition, we identified tetracycline-resistant (2.8%), chloramphenicol-resistant (0.6%), clarithromycin-resistant (2.6%), and fluoroquinolone-nonsusceptible (approximately 2%) H. influenzae strains.
- Published
- 2008
14. Emergence of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Haemophilus influenzae Strains among Elderly Patients but Not among Children
- Author
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Kiyoshi Sato, Shin-ichi Yokota, Nobuhiro Fujii, and Yasuo Ohkoshi
- Subjects
Adult ,Microbiology (medical) ,Haemophilus Infections ,Adolescent ,Genotype ,Population ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,Haemophilus infections ,medicine.disease_cause ,beta-Lactamases ,Microbiology ,Haemophilus influenzae ,Japan ,Drug Resistance, Bacterial ,medicine ,Humans ,Child ,education ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,Pasteurellaceae ,Age Factors ,Infant ,Bacteriology ,Middle Aged ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Bacterial Typing Techniques ,Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique ,Child, Preschool ,Random amplified polymorphic DNA technique ,Fluoroquinolones - Abstract
We screened 457 Haemophilus influenzae strains isolated in Japan during 2002 to 2004 and identified 12 fluoroquinolone-resistant strains (2.6%). The resistant strains were divided into three genotypes (eight, three, and one of each type). These were isolated from patients over 58 years of age. Several fluoroquinolone-resistant clones appeared to have invaded the population of elderly patients in a particular area, Sapporo city.
- Published
- 2008
15. High prevalence of cross-resistance to aminoglycosides in fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli clinical isolates
- Author
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Naoyuki, Tsukamoto, Yasuo, Ohkoshi, Torahiko, Okubo, Toyotaka, Sato, Osamu, Kuwahara, Nobuhiro, Fujii, Yutaka, Tamura, and Shin-Ichi, Yokota
- Subjects
Aminoglycosides ,Japan ,Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ,Escherichia coli ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,Escherichia coli Infections ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Fluoroquinolones - Abstract
Multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli, especially a lineage of O25b:H4-ST131, has increased and spread worldwide. The surveillance of cross-resistance of E. coli is necessary.Cross-resistance to fluoroquinolones (FQs) and aminoglycosides (AGs) was examined in E. coli isolated in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan, between 2008 and 2009.Gentamicin (GEN) resistance was more common in FQ-resistant isolates (30/112 strains; 26.8%) than in FQ-susceptible isolates (2/100 strains; 2%). The frequency of GEN resistance was similar in two groups of FQ-resistant strains, O25b:H4-ST131 genotype (22/87 strains; 25.3%) and a group of other FQ-resistant genotypes (8/25 strains; 32.0%). The main AG resistance gene was aac(3)-II (87.5% of GEN-resistant strains). The only amikacin-resistant strain which was FQ resistant carried the aac(6')-Ib-cr gene. CTX-M type extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes were also found in FQ-resistant strains at a high frequency. However, the number of strains with both ESBL and AG-modifying enzyme genes was relatively low (8 strains).All FQ-resistant strains, not only O25b:H4-ST131, appeared to preferentially acquire ESBL genes and/or genes encoding AG-modifying enzymes; however, the acquisitions of these genes seemed to occur independently.
- Published
- 2014
16. Prevalence of fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli O25:H4-ST131 (CTX-M-15-nonproducing) strains isolated in Japan
- Author
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Shin-ichi, Yokota, Toyotaka, Sato, Torahiko, Okubo, Yasuo, Ohkoshi, Tamaki, Okabayashi, Osamu, Kuwahara, Yutaka, Tamura, and Nobuhiro, Fujii
- Subjects
Adult ,DNA Topoisomerase IV ,DNA, Bacterial ,Male ,Ofloxacin ,Adolescent ,Levofloxacin ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,beta-Lactamases ,Young Adult ,Japan ,Drug Resistance, Bacterial ,Escherichia coli ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Child ,Escherichia coli Infections ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Escherichia coli Proteins ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,Middle Aged ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ,DNA Gyrase ,Child, Preschool ,Female ,Fluoroquinolones - Abstract
Fluoroquinolone-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-carrying multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli have become severely problematic. In particular, a lineage of multilocus sequence-type ST131 which belongs to O25:H4 and carries ESBL CTX-M-15 has spread worldwide.Fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli strains were isolated from various clinical specimens in a commercial clinical laboratory in 2008 and 2009 in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan.Among 478 clinical isolates, 112 strains (23.4%) showed levofloxacin (LVX) resistance. About 80% of the fluoroquinolone-resistant strains (88 strains) showed common features, namely O25:H4-ST131, phylogenetic group B and the same mutation pattern in quinolone resistance-determining regions. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis patterns suggested numerous lineages of O25:H4-ST131. The fluoroquinolone-resistant strains, including strains of O25:H4-ST131 and other types, more frequently shared CTX-type ESBL genes than did fluoroquinolone-susceptible strains. The ESBL genes fell into the CTX-M-9 and CTX-M-2 groups. CTX-M-15 (CTX-M-1 group) was not found among any of the strains isolated in this study. Sitafloxacin showed markedly potent activity against E. coli isolates compared with LVX, ciprofloxacin and ulifloxacin.The most prevalent fluoroquinolone-resistant strains of E. coli isolated in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan, are O25:H4-ST131. However, similar to other areas of Japan, the ST131 clones represent distinct lineages from the general worldwide dispersal of multidrug-resistant clones which carry CTX-M-15.
- Published
- 2011
17. To Dream of Dreams: Religious Freedom and Constitutional Politics in Japan
- Author
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John O. Haley, David M. O'Brien, and Yasuo Ohkoshi
- Subjects
Cultural Studies ,Linguistics and Language ,Social Psychology ,Anthropology ,Language and Linguistics - Published
- 1998
18. To Dream of Dreams: Religious Freedom and Constitutional Politics in Postwar Japan
- Author
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Yasuo Ohkoshi, Richard H. Minear, and David O'Brien
- Subjects
Cultural Studies ,Archeology ,Politics ,History ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Political science ,Anthropology ,Museology ,Religious freedom ,Dream ,Religious studies ,media_common - Published
- 1996
19. High prevalence of β-lactam-resistant Haemophilus influenzae type b isolates derived from respiratory tract specimens in Japanese patients
- Author
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Yasuo Ohkoshi, Kiyoshi Sato, Nobuhiro Fujii, and Shin-ichi Yokota
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Microbiology (medical) ,Serotype ,Haemophilus Infections ,Adolescent ,medicine.drug_class ,Antibiotic resistance ,Respiratory System ,Antibiotics ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,Drug resistance ,Biology ,beta-Lactams ,medicine.disease_cause ,beta-Lactam Resistance ,Microbiology ,Haemophilus influenzae ,Young Adult ,Japan ,Prevalence ,medicine ,Humans ,Penicillin-Binding Proteins ,Serotyping ,Child ,β-Lactamase ,Antibacterial agent ,Pasteurellaceae ,Haemophilus influenzae type b ,Infant ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Respiratory tract specimen ,Infectious Diseases ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Child, Preschool ,Mutation ,Female ,Respiratory tract ,BLNAR - Abstract
Summary Objective Serotypeable strains of Haemophilus influenzae , which can cause invasive infections, are found in the respiratory tract at low frequencies. We compared the antibiotic resistance of the typeable and nontypeable strains of H. influenzae in respiratory tract specimens obtained in Japan. Methods We determined the serotypes and the antibiotic susceptibilities of 440 clinical H. influenzae strains isolated from respiratory tract specimens. We also examined the prevalence of genotypes that are associated with β-lactam resistance. Results The majority of the strains were nontypeable (421 strains, 95.7%). The remainder belonged to serotypes b (10 strains, 2.3%), e (three strains, 0.7%), or f (six strains, 1.4%). The type b strains exhibited the expression of β-lactamase and resistance mutations in penicillin-binding protein 3 with significantly higher frequencies than other strains. Conclusions H. influenzae type b strains, which are associated with meningitis and bacteremia, derived from respiratory tract specimens, shared more β-lactam-resistant mechanisms than nontypeable and other serotype strains.
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