Search

We have developed a novel ion source and beam diagnostic system for the production and detection of radioactive francium (Fr) isotopes. The Fr ions are produced using a fusion–evaporation reaction at the RIKEN Nishina Center, Japan. The installation of an infrared heater has enabled a precise and rapid control of the target temperature, and the newly developed diagnostic system allows for a quantitative characterization of the extracted ion beam. With the new system, an analysis of the [Formula: see text] isotopes has been performed. Additionally, the flux of [Formula: see text] ions has been estimated as 6.7 × 106 s−1 corresponding to an extraction efficiency of 24.5% and a beam purity of 1.6 × 10−5.

We propose a method to measure the electron electric dipole moment (eEDM) using ultracold entangled francium (Fr) atoms trapped in an optical lattice, yielding an uncertainty below the standard quantum limit. Among the alkali atoms, Fr offers the largest enhancement factor to the eEDM. With a Fr based experiment, quantum sensing using quantum entangled states could enable a search for the eEDM at a level below 10−30 ecm. We estimate statistical and systematic errors attached to the proposed measurement scheme based on this quantum sensing technique. A successful quantum sensing of the eEDM could enable the exploration of new physics beyond the standard model of particle physics.

Ions with similar charge-to-mass ratios cannot be separated from existing beam profile monitors (BPMs) in nuclear facilities in which low-energy radioactive ions are produced due to nuclear fusion reactions. In this study, we developed a BPM using a microchannel plate and a charge-coupled device to differentiate the beam profiles of alpha-decaying radioactive isotopes from other ions (reaction products) produced in a nuclear reaction. This BPM was employed to optimize the low-energy radioactive francium ion (Fr+) beam developed at the Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center (CYRIC), Tohoku University, for electron permanent electric dipole moment (e-EDM) search experiments using Fr atoms. We demonstrated the performance of the BPM by separating the Fr+ beam from other reaction products produced during the nuclear fusion reaction of an oxygen (18O) beam and gold (197Au) target. However, as the mass of Au is close to that of Fr, separating the ions of these elements using a mass filter is a challenge, and a dominant number of Au+ renders the Fr+ beam profile invisible when using a typical BPM. Therefore, by employing the new BPM, we could successfully observe the Fr+ beam and other ion beams distinctly by measuring the alpha decay of Fr isotopes. This novel technique to monitor the alpha-emitting radioactive beam covers a broad range of lifetimes, for example, from approximately 1 s to 10 min, and can be implemented for other alpha-emitter beams utilized for medical applications., Comment: 7 pages, 8 figures

Molecules containing superheavy atoms can be artificially created to serve as sensitive probes for study of symmetry-violating phenomena. Here, we provide a detailed theoretical study for diatomic molecules containing the superheavy lawrencium nuclei. The sensitivity to time-reversal violating properties was studied for different neutral and ionic molecules. The effective electric fields in these systems were found to be about 3-4 times larger than other known molecules on which electron electric dipole moment experiments are being performed. Similarly, these superheavy molecules exhibit an enhancement of more than 5 times for parity- and time-reversal-violating scalar-pseudoscalar nucleus-electron interactions. We also briefly comment on some experimental aspects by discussing the production of these systems., Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables

We have measured the differential cross-sections and analyzing powers for ($p,2p$) reactions at an incident energy of 392 MeV on $^{12}$C, $^{16}$O, $^{40}$Ca, and $^{208}$Pb nuclei, leading to discrete states of the residual nuclei. The data are compared with two kinds of distorted-wave impulse approximation (DWIA) calculations, a standard calculation using a global optical potential and a calculation using wave functions generated in a relativistic Hartree model. The spectroscopic factors deduced from these two calculations agree with those determined in ($e,e'p$) studies mostly within 15% in the case of the lighter three target nuclei. However, those for the $^{208}$Pb target are overestimated compared with the ($e,e'p$) results. In the heavy target case, the DWIA results are very sensitive to the radius parameter of the bound-state potential and thus a careful treatment is required. Regarding the analyzing powers of the present measurement, we confirmed that the $j$-dependence is sufficient for practical spectroscopic use.

We present an extension and a deepened analysis of a suggested experimental scheme for detecting atomic parity violation, previously published in Phys. Rev. A 2019, 100, 050101. The experimental concept is described in more detail and we compute new ab initio data necessary for assessing the plausibility of the approach. Original theoretical data for transition matrix elements on the electric dipole forbidden transition in caesium 6 s 2 S M M 1 / 2 &ndash, 5 d 2 D M M 3 / 2 are reported, as are a range of electric dipole matrix elements connected to the ground state 6s. The latter is used for an analysis of the wavelength-dependent light shift in Cs. A range of experimental details is presented, combined with a survey of realistic lasers parameters. These are adopted to project the feasibility of the scheme to eventually be capable of delivering data beyond the standard model of particle physics.

We report on the operation of co-located ${}^{129}$Xe and ${}^{131}$Xe nuclear spin masers with an external feedback scheme, and discuss the use of ${}^{131}$Xe as a comagnetometer in measurements of the ${}^{129}$Xe spin precession frequency. By applying a correction based on the observed change in the ${}^{131}$Xe frequency, the frequency instability due to magnetic field and cell temperature drifts are eliminated by two orders of magnitude. The frequency precision of 6.2 $\mu$Hz is obtained for a 10$^4$ s averaging time, suggesting the possibility of future improvement to $\approx$ 1 nHz by improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the observation., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures

International audience; We propose a method for measuring parity violation in neutral atoms. It is an adaptation of a seminal work by Fortson [Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 2383 (1993)], proposing a scheme for a single trapped ion. In our version, a large sample of neutral atoms should be localised in an optical lattice overlapping a grid of detection sites, all tailored as the single site in Fortson's work. The methodology is of general applicability, but as an example, we estimate the achievable signal in an experiment probing a nuclear spin independent parity violation on the line 6s 2 S 1/2-5d 2 D 3/2 in 133 Cs. The projected result is based on realistic parameters and ab initio calculations of transition amplitudes, using the relativistic coupled-cluster method. The final result is a predicted spectroscopic signature, evidencing parity violation, of the order of 1 Hz, for a sample of 10 8 atoms. We show that a total interrogation time of 30000 s should, together with existing theoretical data, suffice for achieving a precision in the determination of the weak charge of Cs of the order of 0.1%-a sensitivity surpassing previously reported determinations by at least a factor of five.

The dual channel Miniature optical Transmitter (MTx) is developed for the ATLAS Phase-I upgrade requiring durable performance in the Large Hadron Collider environment. The data transmission has achieved 8 Gbps per channel with a custom-designed LOCld laser driver and 850 nm VCSELs packaged in transmitter optical sub-assemblies (TOSAs). The performance of the MTx opto-electronics is evaluated. Accelerated aging tests of the VCSELs were conducted in a chamber at 85 °C, 85% relative humidity, with TOSA and bare-die samples prepared in non-hermetic condition. Radiation tolerance of the VCSELs was investigated with 30 MeV and 70 MeV protons. The radiation induced effects in data transmission were investigated for light-power degradation and parameters of eye-diagrams.

A micro-pattern gaseous detector based on gas electron multiplier technology (GEM detector) was developed as a new transmission beam monitor for charged-particle therapy to obtain real-time information about the parameters of a therapeutic beam. Feasibility tests for the GEM detector were performed using an 80-MeV proton beam to evaluate the lateral intensity distributions of a pencil beam and the dose delivered to a target. The beam intensity distributions measured with the GEM detector were in good agreement with those measured with an imaging plate while the charge output from the GEM detector was in proportion to that of a reference dose monitor of an ionization chamber design. These experimental results showed that the GEM detector can be used not only as a beam monitor for the position and two-dimensional intensity distribution but also as a dose monitor. Thus, it is possible to simultaneously measure these beam parameters for beam control in charged-particle therapy using a single GEM-based transmission monitor.

It is a major and complex task to accelerate an ion which has the same charge to mass ratio with strong contaminant ions, such as

We present an experimental technique to measure light shifts due to the nuclear spin independent (NSI) parity-nonconserving (PNC) interaction in the \( 7{S}_{1/2} \)–\( 6{D}_{3/2} \) transition in ultracold \( {}^{210}\mathrm{Fr} \) atoms. The approach we propose is similar to the one by Fortson (Phys Rev Lett 70:2383, 10) to measure the PNC-induced light shift which arises from the interference of parity nonconserving electric dipole transition and electric quadrupole transition amplitudes. Its major advantage is that it can treat more than \( {10}^4 \) ultracold \( {}^{210}\mathrm{Fr} \) atoms to enhance the shot noise limit. A relativistic coupled-cluster method has been employed to calculate the electric dipole transition amplitudes arising from the PNC interaction. Based on these calculations, we have evaluated the PNC-induced light shifts for transitions between the hyperfine levels of the \( 7{S}_{1/2} \) and \( 6{D}_{3/2} \) states and suitable transitions are identified for carrying out PNC measurements. It is possible in principle to probe new physics beyond the standard model with our proposed experimental scheme.

We are planning test experiments of fundamental symmetries based on the intrinsic properties of francium. It is expected that the laser cooling and trapping of francium will produce precision measurements. The pilot experiment using rubidium was performed with the goal of francium trapping. The ion beam generated with a francium ion source was investigated using a Wien filter. Each piece of equipment still must be studied in more detail, and the equipment should be upgraded in order to trap radioactive atoms.

We present an experimental technique to measure light shifts due to the nuclear spin independent (NSI) parity-nonconserving (PNC) interaction in the $$7S_{1/2}$$ – $$6D_{3/2}$$ transition in ultracold $${^{210}\mathrm{Fr}}$$ atoms. The approach we propose is similar to the one by Fortson (Phys Rev Lett 70:2383, 10) to measure the PNC-induced light shift which arises from the interference of parity nonconserving electric dipole transition and electric quadrupole transition amplitudes. Its major advantage is that it can treat more than $$10^4$$ ultracold $${^{210}\mathrm{Fr}}$$ atoms to enhance the shot noise limit. A relativistic coupled-cluster method has been employed to calculate the electric dipole transition amplitudes arising from the PNC interaction. Based on these calculations, we have evaluated the PNC-induced light shifts for transitions between the hyperfine levels of the $$7S_{1/2}$$ and $$6D_{3/2}$$ states and suitable transitions are identified for carrying out PNC measurements. It is possible in principle to probe new physics beyond the standard model with our proposed experimental scheme.

A factory of laser-cooled francium (Fr) atoms is being developed to search for the electric dipole moment (EDM) of the electron. The factory has achieved the production of Fr ions of 9 × 10 5 particles/s and transport with a transmission efficiency of 2%. In pilot experiments, the magneto-optical trapping of rubidium (Rb) has been performed using a new ion-to-atom converter. To achieve the Fr trap, the development and design of each of the factory’s components are in progress.

Herein, we report an effective method for the generation of radio-frequency (RF) sidebands in an electro-optic modulator for the simultaneous magneto-optical trapping of two isotopes. This is achieved by switching the RF signals alternately, which suppresses the generation of unwanted frequency signals and improves the laser power per sideband. The generated sidebands are successfully applied to a dual-rubidium-isotope magneto-optical trap (MOT), which results in an increased number of trapped atoms. This simple, flexible, and robust technique can be implemented in experiments that require a large number of atoms in multiple-isotope MOTs and for various applications.

We fabricated a Pt/ZnO Schottky photodiode based on single-crystal substrates grown by the hydrothermal growth method. We measured the electrical properties and the spectral responsivity in UV region. The responsivity was 0.1 W/A and there was a sharp cutoff wavelength corresponding to the band gap of ZnO. The fabricated diode can be used as a visible–blind sensor. We also investigated the performance of the diode for the incidence of X-rays and observed the signal obtained. We demonstrated the potential of the ZnO device for ionizing radiation.In addition, we investigated the effects of irradiating the photodiode with high energy protons. For a sample irradiated with ∼1015 protons/cm2, the dark currents were observed to increase by a factor of 10. Moreover, the behavior of the forward currents significantly changed. In the current–voltage measurement 2 months after irradiation, the dark current decreased to the same level as that before irradiation. This behavior of the dark current may indicate that the defects generated by proton irradiation had been annihilated.

We performed high-energy proton and electron irradiation on a GaN Schottky diode and investigated the effects on its electrical properties. No significant changes in the dark current or breakdown voltage of the diode were observed for fluences up to ∼ 10 14 protons / cm 2 . The currents increased by a factor of ∼ 10 3 at a fluence of ∼ 10 15 protons / cm 2 . The currents also fluctuated unstably at these fluences but this unstable behavior was not observed after a few months. Intrinsic defects may have been induced by particle irradiation and some of them annealed through a relaxation process. Under electron irradiation, the dark currents did not show a notable increase even with the fluence of ∼ 10 16 electrons / cm 2 .

The existence of a non-zero electric dipole moment (EDM) implies the violation of time reversal symmetry. As the time-reversal symmetry violation predicted by the Standard Model (SM) for the electron EDM is too small to be observed with current experimental techniques and any a non-zero EDM would indicate new physics beyond the SM. The tiny signal from the electron EDM is enhanced in the heavy atoms such as francium (Fr). We are constructing the laser-cooled Fr factory to search for the electron EDM.

The frequency dependent polarizabilities of the francium atom are calculated from the available data of energy levels and transition rates. Magic wavelengths for the state insensitive optical dipole trapping are identified from the calculated light shifts of the $7s~^2S_{1/2}$, $7p~^2P_{1/2, 3/2}$ and $8s~^{2}S_{1/2}$ levels of the $7s~^{2}S_{1/2}-7p~^{2}P_{1/2,3/2}$ and $7s~^{2}S_{1/2}-8s~^{2}S_{1/2}$ transitions, respectively. Wavelengths in the ultraviolet, visible and near infrared region is identified that are suitable for cooling and trapping. Magic wavelengths between 600-700~nm and 700-1000~nm region, which are blue and red detuned with the $7s-7p$ and $7s-8s$ transitions are feasible to implement as lasers with sufficient power are available. In addition, we calculated the tune-out wavelengths where the ac polarizability of the ground $7s~^{2}S_{1/2}$ state in francium is zero. These results are beneficial as laser cooled and trapped francium has been in use for fundamental symmetry investigations like searches for an electron permanent electric dipole moment in an atom and for atomic parity non-conservation., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review A

Employing the relativistic coupled-cluster method, comparative studies of the parity nonconserving electric dipole amplitudes for the $7s\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}^{2}S_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6d\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}^{2}D_{5/2}$ transitions in $^{210}\mathrm{Fr}$ and $^{211}\mathrm{Fr}$ isotopes have been carried out. It is found that these transition amplitudes, sensitive only to the nuclear spin-dependent effects, are enhanced substantially owing to the very large contributions from the electron core-polarization effects in Fr. This translates to a relatively large and, in principle, measurable induced light shift, which would be a signature of nuclear spin-dependent parity nonconservation that is dominated by the nuclear anapole moment in a heavy atom like Fr. A plausible scheme to measure this quantity using the Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center (CYRIC) facility at Tohoku University has been outlined.

Optical links are used for data transmission of the ATLAS inner detector in a radiation hazard environment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The radiation tolerance is studied for the opto-electronics of GaAs VCSEL and epitaxial Si PIN with 30 and 70 MeV protons at CYRIC. High speed Si and GaAs PIN photo-diodes are also investigated for upgrade to super-LHC. The annealing of GaAs VCSEL by charge injection is characterized. The GaAs devices show approximately linear degradations to fluence. The dependence on proton energy is compared to the Non-Ionizing Energy Loss calculations.

In order to search for the α condensed state in 16 O , we have performed the decay particle measurement via the [Formula: see text] reaction. Although the decay branching ratio of the α + 12 C channel was predicted to be small, the branching ratio between the α + 12 C and [Formula: see text] channels was obtained to be 7:3 by using the result of a simple simulation.

It is a major and complex task to accelerate an ion which has the same charge to mass ratio with strong contaminant ions, such as 12C4+ in the 18O6+ beam. An innovative method has been developed to suppress the contaminant ions in the Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion source by introducing Li vapor. The ion distribution inside the ECR zone was obtained by the optical analysis of ions inside the ECR ion source. The 12C4+ ions were suppressed as much as by a factor of 10, whereas the 18O6+ beam changed little with the use of this technique.

We report measurement of frequencies of tellurium lines with respect to atomic calcium employing a 423 nm commercial violet laser diode placed in an extended cavity. Doppler-free saturated absorption spectroscopy of molecular tellurium is performed on three lines, which are lower and higher in energy to the calcium 4s2 1S0–4s4p 1P1 transition. The measured frequency difference of 717(13) MHz between the strong absorption line, #1508 in the tellurium atlas and the calcium transition is in agreement within 10% of the values available from literature. Wavenumbers of two new tellurium lines are derived from the measurement. In addition, spectroscopy and laser cooling and trapping of francium (n = 7) on the ns 2S1/2–(n + 1)p 2P3/2 transition and spectroscopy of Te2 lines near francium could be performed employing the 423 nm diode laser.

We have developed a tracking detector with a gas electron multiplier (GEM) for nuclear experiments. The developed GEM detector was installed inside the dipole magnet used for transporting the primary beam to the beam dump and it was used to measure the momentum of charged particles. A sufficiently high spatial resolution was achieved at a high counting rate and a magnetic field for coherent pion production with a 392 MeV proton beam to study the short-range component of the residual nuclear interaction. The detector systems and development procedure are described.

We made again an experiment of pd radiative capture at [Formula: see text], and obtained Axx, Ayy and Azz (= -Axx - Ayy) data using a newly-developed data-analysis method of high detection efficiency. Re-analysis of previous data on Axx and Ayy was also made using a new method. All the new and previous data at 197 MeV agree to each other, and Axx anomaly has been confirmed.

Inclusive measurements of the D(p, p)pn reaction were made at incident proton energies of 248 MeV and 13 MeV, to investigate the global feature of the pd breakup reaction at intermediate and low energies. At 248 MeV, the cross section and analyzing power A y were measured at four angles from 7° to 20°. The data largely disagree with Faddeev calculations even if 2π-exchange three-nucleon force (2π3NF) or Δ-isobar is included, and the disagreement increases at forward angles. At 13 MeV, the cross section was measured at eight angles from 10° to 70°. The data are well reproduced by a recent pd Faddeev calculation, and the effects of Δ-isobar at 13 MeV are very small.

New measurement of the energy dependence of pion production on a copper target near 350-MeV proton energy has been performed. The E-170 experiment has been carried out at the Ring Cyclotron Facility of the Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Japan. A small enhancement of the low-energy pion production cross section was observed near the incident proton energy of 352 MeV.

We report measurements of the cross section and a complete set of polarization observables for the Gamow–Teller C 12 ( p → , n → ) N 12 ( g.s. , 1 + ) reaction at a bombarding energy of 296 MeV. The data are compared with distorted wave impulse approximation calculations employing transition form factors normalized to reproduce the observed beta-decay ft value. The cross section is significantly under-predicted by the calculations at momentum transfers q ≳ 0.5 fm −1 . The discrepancy is partly resolved by considering the non-locality of the nuclear mean field. However, the calculations still under-predict the cross section at large momentum transfers of q ≃ 1.6 fm −1 . We also performed calculations employing random phase approximation response functions and found that the observed enhancement can be attributed in part to pionic correlations in nuclei.

Inelastic α scattering on 16 O is studied at 400 MeV using an ice target. Near the 4 α breakup threshold of 14.4 MeV, a broad peak is observed at an excitation energy of 13.6 ± 0.1 MeV with a width of 0.6 ± 0.2 MeV . The spin-parity is estimated to be 0 + from the momentum-transfer dependence. The observed width is significantly larger than that of the 0 + state at 12.0 MeV with the α + C 12 structure, indicating a well-developed α cluster structure. The magnitude of the cross section is sensitive to the density distribution of the constituent α clusters. The observed cross section is consistent with the theoretical prediction for the α cluster condensed state, characterized by its dilute density distribution with a large root-mean-square radius.

The cross sections and spin observables of the pd elastic scattering have been measured at 392 MeV. The results are compared with the prediction of Faddeev calculations with and without including a three nucleon force.

The differential cross sections and the vector analyzing powers for the nd elastic scattering at E n = 250 MeV have been measured for the study of the three-nucleon force (3NF) effects in the Coulomb-free system. To cover a wide angular region, the experiments were performed by using two different methods at the ( n , p ) facility and at the NTOF facility which constructed at the Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP). The results were compared with theoretical predictions of the Faddeev calculations based on the modern nucleon-nucleon (NN) forces with the three-nucleon force (3NF). The inclusion of 3NFs leads to a good description of the cross section except for the backward angles. The results were also compared with the theoretical predictions with relativistic corrections. The direct data-to-data comparison of the cross sections of the nd and pd was performed.

A measurement of tensor analyzing power A x x and A y y of H ( d → , He 3 ) γ reaction at E d → = 137 MeV was made at RCNP. Both the relation of A x x ≈ A y y and the discrepancy in A x x between experiment and calculations were confirmed at 137 MeV, in consistent with our previous measurement at 196 MeV. Present data are compared with KVI data at 133 MeV.

8 pages, 5 figures.-- PACS nrs.: 25.40.Ep, 25.70.De.-- ISI Article Identifier: 000247257800008., Published in the Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Collective Motion in Nuclei under Extreme Conditions (COMEX 2). Sankt Goar, Germany, June 20-23, 2006., Experimental technique for measuring proton inelastic scattering with high-resolution at 295 MeV and at forward angles including zero degrees have been successfully developed. An excitation energy resolution of less than 20 keV, good scattering angle resolution, low background condition, and reasonable background subtraction have been achieved. The experimental technique have been applied for several sd and pf shell nuclei for systematic study M1 and E1 excitations in nuclei. The experimental method and preliminary spectra are reported.

We report measurements of the cross section and a complete set of polarization observables for the Si 28 ( p → , n → ) P 28 ( 6 − ) reaction at a bombarding energy of 198 MeV. The data are compared with distorted wave impulse approximation calculations employing response functions normalized to inelastic electron scattering. The spin-longitudinal polarized cross section I D q is slightly over-predicted by the calculations, while the normal spin-transverse polarized cross section I D n is significantly under-predicted. The calculated in-plane spin-transverse I D p and spin-scalar I D 0 polarized cross sections agree well with the experimental data. These results are consistent with those for Si 28 ( p → , p → ′ ) Si 28 ( 6 − , T = 1 ) scattering at the same energy, and thus it is concluded that isospin-mixing effects are not responsible for the discrepancy between theory and experiment in the ( p → , p → ′ ) case. Energy half-off-shell effects as medium effects on the effective nucleon–nucleon interaction are also investigated and found to be too small to be responsible for the discrepancy.

A solenoid magnet using high-temperature superconductor tape was designed, fabricated, and tested for its suitability as beam scanner. After successful cooling tests, the magnet performance was studied using DC and AC currents. With DC current the magnet was successfully operated as mirror coils for a 2.45 GHz ECR ion source. The coils could be operated at 100 A and frequencies above 1 Hz. The installation of iron pole pieces and return yokes, enabled us to generate fields in excess of 2 T at 197 A DC. In AC mode this magnet can be operated in the ranges of 0.14–1.73 and 1.22–1.67 T at frequencies of 0.05 and 0.25 Hz, respectively.

Differential cross sections of isoscalar and isovector spin-M1 (0(+)→1(+)) transitions are measured using high-energy-resolution proton inelastic scattering at E(p)=295 MeV on (24)Mg, (28)Si, (32)S, and (36)Ar at 0°-14°. The squared spin-M1 nuclear transition matrix elements are deduced from the measured differential cross sections by applying empirically determined unit cross sections based on the assumption of isospin symmetry. The ratios of the squared nuclear matrix elements accumulated up to E(x)=16 MeV compared to a shell-model prediction are 1.01(9) for isoscalar and 0.61(6) for isovector spin-M1 transitions, respectively. Thus, no quenching is observed for isoscalar spin-M1 transitions, while the matrix elements for isovector spin-M1 transitions are quenched by an amount comparable with the analogous Gamow-Teller transitions on those target nuclei.

We demonstrate the importance of electron correlation effects in the hyperfine structure constants of many low-lying states in $^{210}\mathrm{Fr}$ and $^{212}\mathrm{Fr}$. This is achieved by calculating the magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole hyperfine structure constants using the Dirac-Fock approximation, second-order many-body perturbation theory, and the coupled-cluster method in the singles and doubles approximation in the relativistic framework. By combining our recommended theoretical results with the corresponding experimental values, improved nuclear magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments of the above isotopes are determined. In the present work, it is observed that there are large discrepancies between the hyperfine structure constants of the $7{D}_{5/2}$ state obtained from the experimental and theoretical studies, whereas good agreement is found for the other ${D}_{5/2}$ states. Our estimated hyperfine constants for the $8P,\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}6D,\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}10S$, and $11S$ states could be very useful as benchmarks for the measurement of these quantities.

Experimental method of measuring inelastic proton scattering with high-resolution at forward angles including zero degrees has been developed. An energy resolution of 20 keV and a scattering angle resolution of 0.5 degrees have been achieved as well as low background condition and a reliable background subtraction method. The experimental technique was applied to the 12 C (p,p′) reaction for studying the property of the second 0+ state at 7.7 MeV and a broad bump around Ex~10 MeV , where the presence of a 2+ state was reported from the 12 C (α,α′) measurement. Preliminary spectra and angular distributions are shown.