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Background: Coumarins and their derivatives excel in chemical diversity, coupled with a wide variety of biological potentials, and tend to be beneficial to the health of the human body. One of these derivatives that has sparked the attention of medicinal chemistry specialists in recent decades is benzo-fused coumarins, which have demonstrated their potential as antioxidants, antimicrobials, antidiabetics, antithrombotics, and many more. Objective: This paper discusses the medicinal importance of benzo-fused coumarins derived from natural or synthetic sources. Conclusion: The researchers documented that benzo-fused coumarin's basic structure is a promising framework that opens up the chance of discovering innovative applicants with advanced therapeutic potentials.

This study aimed to investigate the potential of Coumarin C1 and C2 derivatives from apple seeds and Anpro supplementation to neutralize aflatoxin B1 in the quail diet., 3weeks -old quails were distributed into five-treatment each has 10 birds randomly. First treatment, negative control, in which the quails received not contaminated diet. Second treatment positive control the birds were fed on diet contaminated with AFB1 (0.5 mg/kg). Third treatment the diet was contaminated with AFB1 (0.5 mg/kg). And treated with Anpro at 1 g/kg. Fourth treatment diets were contaminated with AFB1 and treated with C1 at 250 mg/kg, fifth treatment diets were contaminated with aflatoxin B1 and treated with C2 at 250 mg/kg. Result showed contamination diet with AFB1 caused reduction in PVC, RBC, Hb, blood glucose, total blood protein, and SOD and causes significant elevations in WBC and uric acid therefore biochemical variables can be boosted by adding Anpro, C1 and C2 to the diet contaminated with AFB1. For that, Anpro, C1, and C2 can serve as beneficial dietary supplements to the quail in order to counteract AFB1's detrimental effects.

Background: The plant kingdom generates and releases a wide range of secondary-metabolites, which have several effects on biological, toxicological, and ecological systems that may act in a similar manner to chemically synthesized compounds. One of these secondary-metabolites are coumarins, which are obtained from many plants, fungi, and bacteria. Coumarins are well-known due to their anticancer, antiviral, antifungal, and antibacterial properties.This study aims to provide a short overview of the biodiversity and pharmacological applications of coumarins, and its natural congeners, as well as an assessment of future medicinal benefits. Also, the study extended to review some of the data related coumarins and their derivatives, particularly those related to pharmaceutical and biological actions.Conclusion: The implications of coumarins on the health of humans is a multifaceted issue, with many concerns about their safety, toxicity, and medicinal merits. Based on the findings of this review, the authors suggested that different bioactive coumarins for treating a variety of chronic health conditions, including cancer, Alzheimer's disease, HIV, diabetes, and hypertension.

Objective: This brief review highlights the recent advances in the synthesis of coumarin-based derivatives from phenols, aldehydes, ketones, and various other functional group-containing starting compounds. Also, the recent developments in the conditions of several original synthetic methods involving Pechmann and Knoevenagel reactions are being revised.Conclusion: It is critical to decreasing energy consumption, prevent hazardous chemicals, and get pure molecules in high yields during synthesis. Scientists working in this sector will be able to utilize this comparison of reaction conditions and compound yields to create new efficient procedures.

Background: Coumarin moiety is found in many naturally occurring products that have been used for many decades in traditional medicine around the world. Coumarin has distinctive physicochemical properties and can be easily transformed into a wide range of functionalized coumarins. As a result, a large number of coumarin derivatives have been designed, synthesized, and evaluated to attack a variety of pharmacological targets selectively. These targets may include various selective enzyme inhibitors and the targets, tagged as multitarget-directed ligands, found in diseases like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, which are considered as multifactorial diseases. Objectives: The most widely used synthetic methods leading to coumarins, besides the major biological routes for their metabolic transformations and biosynthesis, are highlighted and reviewed. Also, the focus was concentrated on some pharmacological activities of coumarin derivatives involving those related to the selective inhibition of cholinesterase and monoamine oxidase enzymes and targeting specific ligands of neurodegenerative diseases. Conclusion: The impacts of substituents pattern/type on the selectivity and potency of the studied coumarins were explained to determine the main structural and molecular factors that may affect the activity and performance of the directed targets.

Background: Natural coumarins group, a principal member of the benzopyrone family, is one of the naturally occurring substances obtained ordinarily from plant origins, with antibacterial, anticoagulant, antihypertensive, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and many other medicinal potentials. Because coumarins are found in nuts, seeds, fruits, vegetables, tea, coffee, and wine, the average person consumes a significant amount of these substances daily. Given the documented limited toxicity, relatively cheap, availability in foods, and prevalence of coumarins in numerous herbal medicines, it seems reasonable to investigate their characteristics and usage.Objective: This review discusses naturally occurring coumarin lead substances, their extensive medicinal benefits, and official pharmacopoeia-based detection methods.Conclusion: The medicinal potential and therapeutic uses of simple coumarins are determined by their structural substitution pattern. Because there is limited research on bioavailability for coumarins, additional research is needed to investigate the bioavailability for various coumarins, which have demonstrated good bioactivity in prior research.

Intrathoracic ectopic kidney is a very rare form of ectopic kidney. It is usually asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally during chest investigations. A 3-year-old boy was admitted to our center with respiratory distress and fever recurrent since birth. An abdominal ultrasound, chest X-ray, intravenous pyelogram, and computed tomography revealed a right-sided intrathoracic ectopic kidney. A thoracotomy approach was used. The right intrathoracic ectopic kidney was reduced to the abdominal cavity and a diaphragm fold was performed. Subsequently, severe hydronephrosis and obstruction as a result of ureteral folding required repeated surgical intervention.

Mastitis is highly prevalent infection in cattle causing cost-effective loss in dairy milk production. Escherichia coli is the most frequently isolated bacteria causing mastitis worldwide. The current study was performed to investigate the mastitis prevalence and effect of different antibiotics against pathogens causing it. In sum, 216 milk samples were collected randomly including 108 each from both cows and buffaloes. These samples were subjected to Surf Field Mastitis Test for prevalence of mastitis that found 18.50% and 23.14% in buffaloes and cows respectively. Mastitis was more prevalent both in buffaloes and cows at the age of 9-10 years that was reported in 35% and 32% respectively. The affected buffaloes showed 65% samples containg watery fluid having blood, pus and mucus whereas 36% samples of affected cows had mucus and watery fluid. Pus and blood content were found to be 12% and 16% respectively. Sub-clinical mastitis was prevalent as 56% and 55% in cows and buffaloes respectively while acute mastitis as 4% and 5% in similar fashion. In both groups Right-for part of udder was frequently affected than any other. Among commonly used four antibiotics, Norfloxacine was observed the most effective antibiotic to control mastitis as compared to Gentamycin, Penicillin and ciprofloxacin. The benefit of this study is to diagnose mastitis and use to isolate pathogens for further processing like antibiotic sensitivity and resistance. This study will help veterinarians in better selection of antibiotic to control mastitis.

Objective: The target of this review study is to highlight the importance of cantabiline and its derived compound as antibacterial agents. Also, to take into consideration the characteristic structural features that can enhance the capability of these compounds to fight pathogenic bacteria.Methods: The recently available reports concerning the antibacterial activity of cantabiline-derived compounds have been reviewed efficiently. The outcomes of these reports have been also analyzed to detect the proper substituents that can enhance the target activity.Results: The hand-availability of antibacterial agents, as well as their inadvisable utilization, resulted in a mounting health problem named multi-drug resistant bacterial strains. To handle this emerging issue, the design and synthesis of agents with a powerful ability to fight such bacterial strains is becoming a pressing need.Conclusion: This review study has concluded that cantabiline and its derived compounds may represent hopeful antibacterial agents. Also, they can address several mechanisms acquired by bacteria for resisting the currently-available antibacterial agents.

An accessory spleen is commonly an incidental detection. Torsion of an accessory spleen is an uncommon reason of abdominal pain. We report the case of a 12-year-old female was admitted with acute abdominal pain that began 5 days earlier. In the face of the acute pain, a laparotomy was necessary. At laparotomy, the patient was found to have twisted and infarction of an accessory spleen with a long pedicle ending near the splenic hilum. The procedure was a removal of the accessory wandering spleen and the evolution was favorable.

Caudal duplication syndrome is a very rare anomaly and poses a major challenge for surgeons. The term caudal duplication syndrome is used to describe the association between hindgut duplication, duplication of the genitourinary, and malformations of the spinal cord and vertebrae. A 5-year-old girl is reported with complete duplication of the entire large bowel, cecum, appendix, about 2 cm of the terminal ileum, bladder, urethra, vagina, uterus, and vertebral body deformities. After an extensive evaluation phase, a laparotomy was performed and the duplicated colon was excised completely without removing the adjacent native colon.

Introduction. Heterotopic pancreas (HP) is the congenital presence of pancreatic tissue outside its normal location in the absence of vascular and anatomical connection with the main pancreas. HP can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, and it is mostly encountered in the stomach. The gallbladder is a rare site of HP, and our literature review revealed that only 38 cases were reported. We present a case of HP in the gallbladder that was presented with a picture of acute cholecystitis. After the case presentation, we will discuss HP in the gallbladder by reviewing the literature. Case Presentation. A 49-year-old male presented to the emergency department complaining of progressively worsening right upper abdominal pain for the last 24 hours. After thorough history and physical examination, a provisional diagnosis of acute cholecystitis was made. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a rim of edema surrounding the gallbladder wall with two stones impacted at the gallbladder neck. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed with an uneventful postoperative course, and the patient was discharged the next day. Microscopic examination of the gallbladder showed that a heterotopic pancreatic tissue, composed of a large number of pancreatic acini and few ducts with the absence of islets of Langerhans, was found around the cystic duct. The patient was asymptomatic at the regular follow-up six months postoperatively. Conclusion. HP in the gallbladder is an extremely rare finding. Its clinical presentation is not different from other cholecystopathic diseases. Most cases were accompanied by cholelithiasis. Preoperative laboratory and imaging modalities are usually not helpful in the diagnosis of HP in the gallbladder. The definitive diagnosis is made by histological examination of the gallbladder specimen. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is sufficing treatment.

Background: Bacterial sepsis is a life threatening crisis with high mortality and morbidity in neonates, Reliable marker is needed for the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6 can be used as Reliable markers for the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis so that early treatment could be achieved. Aim of the work: to detect the levels of IL-6, CRP and HS-CRP in clinically suspected cases of neonatal sepsis and evaluation and analysis of these measurments as early markers of neonatal sepsis. Patients and methods: A prospective cohort study was carried on 60 neonates at neonatal intensive care unit of pediatric department and clinical pathology department at Zagazig university hospitals. Results: IL-6 at a cut off value of 187.5Pg/ml had sensitivity of 87.5% and specificity of 63.6% with a negative predictive value of 93.3%. HS-CRP at a cut off value of 3.3 Mg/L had a higher sensitivity but a lower specificity at 100% and 47.7% repectively. CRP showed higher specificity than HS-CRP and IL-6 with 61.7% with a negative predictive value of 90%. A combination of IL-6 and CRP showed improvement of sensitivity to 100% and a negative predictive value of 100% and is more cost effective than the combination of IL-6 and HS-CRP which showed similar sensitivity and negative predictive value but showed less specificity Conclusion: a combination of IL-6 and HS-CRP would be a sensitive test for early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis at a sensitivity of 100% and a similar NPV, on the other hand a combination of IL-6 and CRP is less sensitive but more specific. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]