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The new space project of M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University on elaboration of multiple satellites for real time monitoring in the near-Earth space of radiation environment, natural (asteroids, meteoroids) and artificial (space debris) potentially dangerous objects, electromagnetic transients, such as cosmic gamma ray bursts, terrestrial gamma ray flashes, optical and ultraviolet bursts in the Earth atmosphere is presented. It is intended to install on the satellites the following instruments for space monitoring of dangerous objects and hazards: spectrometers of electrons and protons, complex of instruments for study of transient electromagnetic phenomena including gamma ray spectrometer, detectors of ultraviolet and optical emission and wide-field optical cameras. Successful implementation of the project for the first time in the world allows realization of a space system prototype for monitoring and preventing of space hazards for both ongoing and planned space missions, and also for aircraft flying in the upper atmosphere. There are also discussed results of experiments on-board Lomonosov in view of good experience of wide field camera use for monitor observations in space. These results formed the base of scientific program for the new project Universat- SOCRAT.

The Ionosphere missions are the part of Ionosond-2025 space project, which main scientific objectives are monitoring of physical processes in the Earth upper atmosphere, ionosphere and magnetosphere, as well as of solar activity. Within the framework of the Ionozond-2025 project, it is planned to launch four spacecraft Ionosphere and one satellite Zond. The Zond satellite is planned to be launched in 2025. The main task of Zond mission is patrol of solar activity. The launch of the first pair of spacecraft is planned in early 2022, the second pair - late 2022 or early 2023. In case of successful implementation of the program of experiments on the Ionosphere satellites, control of the physical parameters of electromagnetic fields and corpuscular radiation in the near-Earth space will be provided, new information will be obtained on the geophysical processes occurring in the magnetosphere, ionosphere and upper atmosphere in their connection with solar activity.

African swine fever (ASF) is a transboundary viral disease that affects both domestic pigs and wild boar, causing enormous damage to the pig production. Numerous studies are devoted to elucidating the role of domestic and wild pigs in ASF outbreaks. The identification of the risk factors contributing to the spread of disease in previously unaffected regions is of special interest. We conducted a retrospective analysis of sporadic ASF outbreaks in the Nizhny Novgorod region of the Russian Federation from 2011 to 2022 among both domestic pig and wild boar populations. Methods of spatiotemporal cluster analysis, mathematical modeling with logistic and negative binomial regressions, as well as the cross-correlation analysis of time series, were used to identify the most significant factors associated with the ASF outbreaks' presence and intensity. Regression analysis did not reveal a statistically significant correlation between ASF outbreaks in wild boar and their population density over the entire study period. However, the spatial and temporal coincidence between outbreaks and increased wild boar density was observed at the beginning of the ASF epidemic in the region. We identified the significant environmental and sociodemographic factors contributing to the spread of ASF in both domestic pig and wild boar populations. The number of small-scale farms (backyards) and summary road length were determined as the main factors contributing to the spread of ASF among domestic pigs in the Nizhny Novgorod region. The regression model for ASF outbreaks in the wild boar population revealed the presence of water bodies, number of hunting farms, and the occurrence of ASF outbreaks in the domestic pig population to be the main explanatory factors. A statistically significant coincidence was identified between the monthly volume of pork products imported to the region from the rest of Russia and the occurrence of ASF outbreaks in both domestic and wild populations. Thus, the identified spatiotemporal patterns may be useful to determine areas with an elevated risk of ASF outbreaks emergence for better resource management, disease control, and prevention. The importance of intensified monitoring and control measures in the pig products supply chain is strongly needed. The obtained models can be applied not only by the veterinary service of the Nizhny Novgorod region but to other regions with similar environmental and sociodemographic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the radiation measurements have been made onboard spacecraft flying along orbits with an inclination of up to 51.6 degrees. Due to the prospect of manned missions at orbits with larger inclinations, it is advisable to conduct preliminary detailed dosimetry measurements at a high-inclination orbit; due to its polar orbit, the Lomonosov satellite provides good opportunities for such study. We chose a method of cosmic radiation dosimetry based on semiconductor detectors. This method is widely used onboard spacecraft, including full-time radiation monitoring onboard the International Space Station (ISS). It should be noted that not only did the charged particles contribute significantly in the dose equivalent, but also did the neutrons. Semiconductor detectors have low sensitivity to neutron radiation and are not sufficient for detecting the expected flux of neutrons. We add a thermal neutron counter to the proposed device in order to provide an opportunity for estimation of neutron flux variations along the satellite trajectory. Thus, the design of the instrument DEPRON (Dosimeter of Electrons, PROtons and Neutrons) was determined. DEPRON is intended for registration of the absorbed doses and linear energy transfer spectra for high-energy electrons, protons and nuclei of space radiation, as well as registration of thermal neutrons. The present paper provides a brief description of the DEPRON instrument. Its calibration results and the first mission results of background radiation measurements are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]