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AmaçBu çalışmada amaç Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi Üroloji Anabilim Dalı’nda 2010-2020 yılları arasında tanı alan ve/veya tedavi edilen ürogenital kanser hastalarının yaş, cinsiyet, histopatolojik tipleri ve yıllara göre dağılımının değerlendirilmesidir. YöntemMersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi Üroloji Anabilim Dalı’na Ocak 2010-Haziran 2020 tarihleri arasında başvuran ve cerrahi müdahale sonucunda alınan doku örneklerinin patoloji raporu malignite lehine yorumlanan hastaların kayıtları incelenmiştir. Söz konusu bu retrospektif veriler hastanemiz Patoloji Anabilim Dalı tarafından hazırlanmış olan ve hastanemiz bilgi veritabanında muhafaza edilen raporlardan elde edilmiştir. Çoklu raporlara sahip hastaların mükerrer kayıtları elenmiştir. Nüks veya progresyon gösteren hastaların ya da birden çok opere edilen hastaların verilerinden en kapsamlı olanları seçilmiştir. Bulgular2010-2020 yılların arasında anabilim dalımızca opere edilen 4852 hastadan operasyon sonucundan alınan örnekler Patoloji Anabilim Dalında çalışılmış olup sadece malignite lehine yorumlanan 2000 hastaya ait veri çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Elde edilen verilerin analizi sonucu; hastanemizde tüm ürogenital kanserler arasında prostat, mesane, böbrek ve testis kanseri hastalarının sayısı Türkiye ortalamasının üzerinde bulunurken; adrenal bez, üreter ve penis kanserli hastaların sayısı Türkiye ortalamasının altında bulunmuş olup, tüm bu farklar istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmamıştır. SonuçBu çalışma ile Çukurova bölgesinde hizmet vermekte olan hastanemizde tanı alan hastaların analizlerinin, hem literatüre hem de bölgemizde yapılan sağlık planlamalarına katkı sağlayabileceği kanaatindeyiz., AimThis study aims to evaluate the distribution of urogenital cancer patients diagnosed and/or treated between 2010-2020 in Mersin University Faculty of Medicine Hospital, Department of Urology, according to age, gender, histopathological types, and years.MethodThe records of patients who applied to the Urology Department of Mersin University Medical Faculty Hospital between January 2010 and June 2020 and whose tissue samples were taken as a result of surgical intervention, whose pathology report was interpreted in favor of malignancy, were examined. These retrospective data were obtained from the reports prepared by the Pathology Department of our hospital and kept in the information database of our hospital. Duplicate records of patients with multiple reports were eliminated. The most comprehensive data were selected from patients with relapse or progression or from patients who had multiple operations.ResultsThe samples taken from the results of the operation from 4852 patients who were operated on between 2010 and 2020 by our department were studied in the Department of Pathology, and only the data of 2000 patients who were interpreted in favor of malignancy were included in the study. As a result of the analysis of the obtained data; While the number of prostate, bladder, kidney, and testicular cancer patients among all urogenital cancers in our hospital are above the Turkey average; The number of patients with adrenal gland, ureter, and penile cancer was found below the Turkey average, and all these differences were not statistically significant.ConclusionWe believe that the analyzes of the patients diagnosed in our hospital, which is serving in the Çukurova region, can contribute to both the literature and the health plans made in our region.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline, with hallmark pathologies related to amyloid beta (Aβ) and TAU. Natural phytochemicals show promise for drug discovery to fill the current therapeutic innovation gap in AD. This study investigated the effect of cucurbitacin E (CuE), one of the bioactive components of

Mycosis Fungoides (MF) makes up the most of the cutaneous lymphomas. As a malignant disease, the greatest diagnostical challenge is to timely differentiate MF from inflammatory diseases. Contemporary computational methods successfully identify cell nuclei in histological specimens. Deep learning methods are especially favored for such tasks. A deep learning model was used to detect nuclei Hematoxylin-Eosin(H-E) stained micrographs. Nuclear properties are extracted after detection. A multi-layer perceptron classifier is used to detect lymphocytes specifically among the detected nuclei. The comparisons for each property between MF and non-MF were carried out using statistical tests the results are compared with the findings in the literature to provide a descriptive analysis as well. Random forest classifier method is used to build a model to classify MF and non-MF lymphocytes. 10 nuclear properties were statistically significantly different between MF and non-MF specimens. MF nuclei were smaller, darker and more heterogenous. Lymphocyte detection algorithm had an average 90.5% prediction power and MF detection algorithm had an average 94.2% prediction power. This project aims to fill the gap between computational advancement and medical practice. The models could make MF diagnoses easier, more accurate and earlier. The results also challenge the manually examined and defined nuclear properties of MF with the help of data abundance and computer objectivity.

Epstein Barr virus (EBV) related lymphoproliferative diseases may occur in immunocompromised patients or patients with a history of drug use causing immunodeficiency. EBV positive mucocutaneous ulceration in the new classification of lymphoproliferative diseases in 2016 is very rare in children. Involvement occurs in the skin, oral mucosa, and gastrointestinal system. Gastric involvement is very rare in the literature. There is no case of gastric involvement in children. There are no specified modalities in the treatment of EBV positive mucocutaneous ulceration. We presented our pediatric patient with ataxia telangiectasia who presented with abdominal pain and difficulty swallowing and diagnosed with EBV positive mucocutaneous ulceration in the stomach. We started brentuximab vedotin during the treatment process, and complete remission was achieved after 6 cures of treatment. Our patient is the first case of EBV positive mucocutaneous ulceration in the pediatric case series.

Constitutional mismatch repair deficiency (CMMRD) is an autosomal recessively inherited childhood cancer predisposition syndrome results from biallelic germline mutations affecting the key DNA mismatch repair gene: MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, or PMS2. CMMRD is associated with a high risk of developing early onset of central nervous system tumors, hematological, and intestinal tract tumors. Clinical manifestations, genetic screening, and cancer prevention strategies are limited. In this report we present a patient with metachronous Wilms tumor, glioblastoma, and acute T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia. He had cutaneous features of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Molecular testing revealed a novel homozygous mutation in MSH6 (c.2590G>T; p.G864) that has not been reported previously. CMMRD should be considered in patients with cutaneous features similar to NF1 if tumor is found other than expected tumors in NF, early onset cancer, and strong family history of cancer.

Objective: The COL6A1 is a gene encoding the alpha 1 polypeptide subunit of collagen 6 (COL6A1), an extracellular matrix protein subunit. Programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1) and its ligand, programmed cell death receptor ligand-1 (PD-L1) have been shown to have a prognostic significance in clear cell renal cell carcinomas (RCCs). In this study, we evaluated the expressions of COL6A1 and PD-1 in four different RCC subtypes. Materials and methods: A total of 161 radical nephrectomy and nephron-sparing surgery cases with Ra7s from five different health care centers were included in this study. Clinical data of the cases were taken from electronic records of the institutions. The pathological data were collected by an expert uropathologist and re-evaluated with slides obtained from paraffin blocks of the cases. The correlation of COL6A1 and PD-1 expression with sex, age, tumor type, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology (WHO/ISUP) grade, and tumor stage (pT) was analyzed with the Pearson chi-squared test. Results: Patients with sarcomatoid RCC and clear cell RCC had significantly higher COL6A1 scores and intensities than in other types of RCC (p=0.004 and p=0.002, respectively). WHO/ISUP grade and, COL6A1 and PD-1 staining scores also showed positive correlation (r=0.230, p=0.004 and r=0.277, p=0.001, respectively for COL6A1 and r=0.191, p=0.018 and r=0.166, p=0.041, respectively for PD-1). The staining scores and intensities of COL6A1 and PD-1 were not different between the patients with positive and negative LVI (p>0.05). Conclusion: In high-grade RCCs, we found the relationship between immunohistochemical staining scores of COL6A1 and PD-1 proteins and clinical, demographic, and histopathological parameters. Our results proved that COL6A1 and PD-1 are really promising proteins as prognostic parameters and for targeted immunotherapy. Mersin UniversityMersin University [2017-2-AP3-2425] The authors declared that this study has received Mersin University Scientific Research Projects project, AP3; 2017-2-AP3-2425 as financial support.

Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a proliferative disorder of non-Langerhans histiocytes with a higher incidence in the fifth to seventh decades and rarer occurrence in the pediatric population. Although ECD typically involves bone, it can also affect the central nervous system, cardiovascular system, retro-orbital space, retroperitoneal space, and kidneys, lungs, and skin. A 13-year-old Syrian girl who presented with multisystemic involvement was diagnosed with ECD. The B-Raf proto-oncogene V600E mutation was not detected in ECD lesions. Response to the high-dose interferon-α therapy was excellent in this pediatric patient. In this article, pediatric ECD case reports are also reviewed.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and Minimal Change Disease (MCD) are most common seen glomerulonephritis. Differential diagnosis between FSGS and MCD by light microscopy (LM) cannot be made in some times. In this situation, electron microscopy (EM) is needed for differential diagnosis. Rarely, EM may not be sufficient for differential diagnosis. There are needed new markers for differential diagnose between FSGS and MCD. The aim of this study is to determine which of the glomerular C4d, nephrine staining is specific and sensitive for FSGS and MCD. C4d, Recent experimental data show that complement activation plays a pathogenic role in the development of FSGS. Therefore, C4d staining in the sclerotic focus of the glomeruli in FSGS patients may have an important differential diagnosis. Nephrine is the main component of the slit diaphragm that connects the foot protrusions of the podocytes. Epithelial cell and podocyte dysfunction occurs as a result of defects in the genes encoding these key proteins expressed in GBM. Wilms’ tumour suppressor gene (WT1) is a transcription factor that plays very important role in the embryonal development of the genital organs and kidney. WT-1 is expressed in podocytes and is an important transcription factor for podocyte function. METHOD This is a retrospective study, comprised of patients diagnosed as FSGS, MCD and the ones who diagnosed as having FSGS or MCD couldnot be differentiated. The patients were divided into three groups. Group 1: FSGS patients, Group 2: patients with indefinite diagnosis; either FSGS or MCD and Group 3: MCD patients. All biopsy materials were stained with C4d, WT1 and nephrine. The specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of C4d, WT1 and nephrine were evaluated for the diagnosis of both FSGS and MCD. RESULTS C4d staining in group 1 was significantly higher compared with group 2 and group 3 (P < .05). Nephrine was shown significantly more staining in group 3 patients than group 1 (P < .05). C4d was found to be associated with the presence of global or segmental sclerosis in the glomeruli, adhesion to the Bowman's capsule (P < .05). The specificity and sensitivity of C4d in FSGS patients were 85%, 73.9%, while it was 26.1% and 15.4% in MCD. Specificity and sensitivity of nephrine were 87%, 69% in MCD patients compared with 30.8% and 13% in FSGS (Fig. 1). PPV and NPV values of C4d and nephrine in FSGS and MCD were shown in Figure 2. CONCLUSION C4d and nephrine have predictive diagnostic value for FSGS and MCD respectively. C4d and nephrine are more specific and sensitive to FSGS and MCD, respectively. However, there is a need for randomized studies with larger study groups

Primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type is a primary cutaneous B cell lymphoma of aggressive behavior and regarded as a unique entity. We reported a 74 years old female patient who presented with rapidly growing nodules with an ulcer on her left leg for four months. Skin biopsy revealed pathologic findings consistent with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. We want to emphasize that malignant entities should always be in mind in the differential diagnosis of rapidly growing nodules, plaques, and non-healing ulcers.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is caused by a flagellated protozoan transmitted by the bite of a female sandfly. The clinical and demographic details of this disease, predominantly affecting immunocompetent individuals, are recognized by the WHO as a Neglected Tropical Disease. We sought to determine the usability of CD1a immunohistochemical staining to detect amastigotes especially in cases where leishmaniasis is suspected but evident amastigotes could not observed. We also evaluated the relationship between CD1a expression and leishmania subtypes. A total of 84 cases diagnosed with leishmaniasis or suspected leishmania on histo-morphological evaluation of skin biopsies were included in the study. Amastigotes were easily detected in hematoxylin eosin in 18 of 84 cases. In 23 cases, amastigotes could not detect in hematoxylin eosin sections. The immunostains for CD1a are demonstrated amastigotes in 60 of 84 cases. However, a small number of amastigotes became visible by positive staining with CD1a in 43.4% of the cases in that amastigotes could not detected in hematoxylin eosin. A statistically significant correlation was found between amastigote amount in hematoxylin eosin and CD1a expression. In addition, a significant correlation was observed between CD1a expression, age and clinical pre-diagnosis of the cases. It was observed that amastigotes were easily detected in hematoxylin eosin in Leishmania Infantum / donovani positive cases in polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and at the same time, it was found that CD1a expression was significantly higher. Using histopathology examination with CD1a staining and/or PCR methods, a diagnosis of leishmaniasis can be established and early treatment initiated. This contributes to reduce transmission and prevalence.

This report presents a case of collision tumors of low-grade B-cell lymphoma and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in the caceum of a 63-year-old woman. Lymphoma was diagnosed incidentally after appendectomy for a clinical presentation of acute appendicitis. Imaging follow-up demonstrated mesenteric lymphadenopathy and liver lesions, and all surgically resected regional mesenteric lymph nodes and liver biopsy were found to be infiltrated by both mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma and adenocarcinoma. Systemic chemotherapy was administered for advanced colonic adenocarcinoma with liver metastases. The occurrence of synchronous lymphoma and adenocarcinoma of the colorectal region is rare, and this is a previously unreported case of a patient that was diagnosed during management of acute appendicitis.

A 58-year-old male patient was admitted to cardiology clinic with the complaint of color change of his face. On his medical history he had previous myocardial infarction, coronary bypass, ventricular tachycardia. He had left venrticular systolic dysfunction and an intracardiac defibrillator. He did not have any dyspnea and he was Class I symptomatic according to New York Heart Association Classification. He had 35% left ventricular ejection fraction on transtorasic echocardiogram. He was taken amiodarone 400 mg/daily about 5 years, ramipril 2.5 mg/daily, asetil salicylic acid 100 mg/daily, sotalol 160 mg/daily. It was thought that the color change on the face of the patient using amiodarone was related to drug use and directed to dermatology for biopsy (Fig. 34.1).

WOS:000544516800001 PubMed ID: 32597278 Background:Prediction of prognosis in Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy (IgAN) and taking appropriate precautions may reduce annual incidence of chronic kidney disease. This may be possible by close follow-up for the development and progression of interstitial fibrosis (IF) or interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (IFTA) in IgAN patients. Aim:To investigate whether Young's elastic modulus (YM) which measured shear wave elastography (SWE) might be used for follow-up of IF or IFTA in IgAN patients. Methods:Prospective study was approved by Human Research Ethics Committee. Group 1 consisted of patients with IgAN. Group 2 consisted of healthy control participants. Young's elastic modulus which is a value of stiffness along with longitudinal stiffness was used to evaluate tissue elasticity. Specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV) of YM for the presence of IF and IFTA were evaluated. Results:Group 1 consisted of 30 participants, and group 2 consisted of 32 participants. Sensitivity and specificity of SWE to diagnose presence of IF for YM > 15 kPa were 89% and 90%, respectively. PPV among the ones whom IF was diagnosed by YM >15 kPa was 91%. Sensitivity and specificity of SWE to diagnose presence of IFTA for YM > 15 were 65% and 51%, respectively. PPV among the ones whom IFTA was diagnosed by YM >15 kPa was 78.1%. Conclusions:YM which measured SWE is highly specific and sensitive in the diagnosis of IF, but not for IFTA in IgAN patients. Therefore, progression for IF in IgAN may be followed by SWE.

A 50-year-old male patient presented to a dermatology clinic with a mass on the neck (Fig. 39.1) and a biopsy was performed from the lesion.

A 71-year-old man presented to the dermatology outpatient clinic because of pigmented lesions on his inguinal area. In the inguinal area, 5 cm diameter, verrucous pigmented lesion was observed dermoscopic examination of this lesion revealed fissures and ridges cerebriform appearance, hairpin blood vessels, and moth-eaten border (Fig. 38.1). Verrucous carcinoma and melanoma were considered and biopsy was taken.

Background Adhesion formation is a common complication of abdominal surgeries. Mesna is a drug with fibrinolytic properties which has been used in surgical field to facilitate tissue dissection. The aim of this experimental animal study was to investigate the effect of mesna on prevention of intra-abdominal adhesion in rats. Materials and methods Twenty-eight Wistar albino rats were used in the study. To create abdominal adhesion, cecum was abraded in all rats. No additional surgical procedure was performed other than adhesion in group 1 (only adhesion). In the other groups, rats were treated topically by administering 0.9% saline (group 2), 40 mg/kg mesna (group 3), and 400 mg/kg mesna (group 4). All rats were sacrificed on postoperative 21st day. Histopathological and macroscopic evaluations of adhesion formation were performed. Results Quantity of adhesion scores (P = 0.022), severity of adhesion scores (P = 0.041), total adhesion scores (P = 0.023), and histopathological adhesion grading scores (P Conclusions This is the first study for mesna on prevention of abdominal adhesion formation in rats. We concluded that dose-dependent reduction of adhesion was achieved by mesna. With future studies, topical administration of mesna during open abdominal surgeries may be used to prevent adhesion formation.

WOS:000388501500004, PubMed ID: 27909615, Objective: Methotrexate (MTX) leads to acute toxic side effects in tissues or organs containing rapidly dividing cells such as seminiferous tubules. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of vitamin C against MTX-induced injury in rat testis.Material and methods: A total of 31 rats were divided into 4 groups, including the control group. The study was completed within 4 weeks and the rats received daily doses of 2 mL/kg SF, 100 mg/kg vitamin C and 10 mg/kg/day MTX i.p according to their groups. The mean seminiferous tubular diameter, germinal epithelial cell thickness, and mean testicular biopsy score were determined by histologic examination of each group.Results: The vitamin C MTX group showed more similarity with the control group. Statistically significant results were achieved between groups as for mean seminiferous tubular diameter, germinal epithelial cell thickness, and mean testicular biopsy score. When compared with the group which received vitamin C after MTX therapy, values for mean seminiferous tubular diameter, germinal epithelial cell thickness, and mean testicular biopsy score were significantly higher in the group which received vitamin C before initiation of MTX therapy.Conclusion: Vitamin C decreased MTX-induced testicular histological injuries, especially when used before MTX therapy.

Intranodal palisaded myofibroblastoma (IPM) is a benign mesenchymal neoplasm originating from smooth muscle cells and myofibroblasts. The inguinal region is the most common site of this rare tumor. As there are only about 89 such cases reported in the literature, the precise etiology and pathogenesis have yet to be explained adequately. It is characterized by spindle cells, amianthoid fibers, and by the proliferation of hemosiderin-containing histiocytes in the lymph node. A nodular lesion was excised from the inguinal region of a 47-year-old female patient with the clinical diagnosis of lymphoma and/or metastase. Macroscopic examination of a section of the lesion demonstrated a solid appearance. Microscopic examination revealed spindle-cell proliferation, amianthoid fibers, hemosiderin pigment, and extravasated erythrocytes. Nuclei of the spindle cells displayed a palisaded appearance. Compressed lymphoid tissue was observed around the lesion. Neoplastic cells were identified by the presence of vimentin, SMA, Cyclin D1, and beta-catenin. The Ki67 index was less than 1%. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of IPM. Although IPM is benign, it is frequently confused with metastatic lesions and lymphomas.

Background and Design: A retrospective study on the clinical, demographic and pathological features of keratinous cysts of the whole body seen in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. Material and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients with keratinous cysts of the body who attended Çankırı State Hospital between 2011 and 2012. Age, gender, histologic diagnosis, anatomic localization and diameter of the lesion were recorded. The pathology specimens were reevaluated and the histopathologic diagnoses were confirmed. Results: The mean age of the 418 patients was 42.3 years. Hundred and sevety-four of them (41.6%) were female and 244 of them (58.4%) were male. Epidermal inclusion cysts (60.8%) were more common than pilar cysts (39.2%). The mean diameter of the cysts was 13.8 mm, pilar cysts (16.3 mm) were larger than the others. The patients with pilar cysts were older with the mean age of 45.8 years. The scalp was the most commonly affected site (44.3%), predominantly with pilar cysts (84.8%) and with female predominance. Pilar cysts were seen in females more often with the percentage of 62.8. Male predominance was detected for all body sites except for the scalp with the female predominance (62.7%). Conclusion: The biggest sizes of the keratinous cyts were seen on the upper extremities followed by the nose, scalp and the chest. Chest, scalp, lower extremity and eyelid cysts were determined in older patients. The cysts placed on the scalp were more often found in females while male predominance was observed for all body sites except for the scalp.

Ozel Vizyon Goz Dal Hastanesi, Mersin, Turkiye *Mersin Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, Patoloji Anabilim Dali, Mersin, Turkiye **Hitit Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, Deri ve Zuhrevi Hastaliklar Anabilim Dali, Corum, Turkiye ***Cankiri Devlet Hastanesi, Patoloji Klinigi, Cankiri, Turkiye ****Cankiri Devlet Hastanesi, Plastik Cerrahi Klinigi, Cankiri, Turkiye *****Ankara Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, Biyoistatistik Anabilim Dali, Ankara, Turkiye @Telif Hakki 2014 Turk Dermatoloji Dernegi Makale metnine www. turkdermatolojidergisi.com web sayfasindan ulasilabilir. @Copyright 2014 by Turkish Society of Dermatology Available on-line at www.turkdermatolojidergisi.com Engin Senel, Hitit Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, Deri ve Zuhrevi Hastaliklar Anabilim Dali, Corum, Turkiye Tel.: +90 364 223 03 00 E-posta: enginsenel@enginsenel.com Gelis Tarihi/Submitted: 12.05.2014 Kabul Tarihi/Accepted: 12.05.2014 Yazisma Adresi/ Correspondence: Objective: To assess the demographic, clinical and histopathological features of eyelid tumors. Methods: The records of the patients who have been operated for eyelid tumors at ophthalmology and plastic surgery clinics of our Hospital, between the years of 20112013 were evaluated retrospectively. Results: Fifty-four (40.9%) male and 78 (59.1%) female totally 12 patients of mean age 45 years (4-85) were recruited in this study. The location of tumor was upper lid in 74 (56.1%) patients, lower lid in 58 (43.9%) patients. Malign lid tumor was found in 8 patients of mean age 68.1 years (3 cases squamous cell carcinoma, 5 cases basal cell carcinoma). Benign lid tumours were found in 124 (93.9%) patients of mean age 43.1 years. Most commonly detected lid tumor was melanocytic dermal nevus in 39 cases (29.5%). Papilloma was seen in 36 (27.3%) patients, xanthelesma in 23(17.4%) patients, epidermal inclusion cyst in 14 (10.6%) patients, and seborrheic keratosis in 12 (9%) patients. Most commonly seen lid tumor was melanocytic nevus in females (34.6%) and papilloma in males (35.1%). Conclusion: In our study most commonly detected benign eyelid tumor was melanocytic nevus and most commonly detected malign eyelid tumor was basal cell carcinoma. Most of the eyelid tumours were benign. Benign tumours were most commonly seen between the age of 40-50 years and malign tumours between the ages of 60-70 years.

SUMMARYGastrointestinalStromal Tumors (GISTs) are mesenchymal tumors that are arises from the wall ofthe gastrointestinal tract and is throught to originate from the InterstitialCells of Cajal (ICC), which regulate the motility of the gastrointestinaltract. More rarely neoplasms with histology and immunohistochemistry similar togastrointestinal stromal tumors may ocur outside the gastrointestinal tract andare so-called Extra-gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (EGISTs). Surgical removal is the gold standard treatment fornon-metastatic Extragastrointestinal stromal tumors. We reported a very rarecase of ekstragastrointestinal stromal tumor arising from the vulva in thisarticle., ÖZETGastrointestinalStromal Tümörler (GİST), gastrointestinal sistem duvarı peristaltizmini düzenleyenİnterstisyel Cajal Hücreleri’nden (İCH) kaynaklandığı düşünülen mezenkimaltümörlerdir. Ekstragastrointestinal StromalTümörler (EGİST) daha nadir görülen, histoloji ve immünohistokimlyasal açıdangastrointestinal stromal tümörler ile benzer ancak gastro intestinal yolakdışında oluşan tümörlerdir. Metastatik olmayan ekstragastrointestinal stromaltümörlerin cerrahi olarak çıkarılması altın standart tedavidir. Bu makalede,nadiren vulvadan köken alan ekstragastrointestinal stromal tümörlü bir olgusunduk.

Erdogan, Kivilcim Eren/0000-0002-4951-8703; kilic bagir, Emine/0000-0002-1447-1060; Celik, Betul/0000-0001-9731-9939; Tatli Dogan, Hayriye/0000-0003-4318-2775; Cakir, Asli/0000-0003-0128-6947 WOS: 000414649400006 PubMed: 28272675 Objective: There is no other screening program close to the success rate of PAP test. Cervical cytology constitutes a large workload so that quality control in cervical cytology is important for the quality assurance of pathology laboratories. Material and Method: In this study, we collected the cervical cytology results from all over Turkey and discussed the parameters influencing the quality of the PAP test. The study was conducted with Turkish gynaecopathology working group and 38 centers (totally 45 hospitals) agreed to contribute from 24 different cities. The study was designed to cover the cervical cytology results during 2013. The results were evaluated from the data based on an online questionnaire. Results: The total number of Epithelial Cell Abnormality was 18,020 and the global Epithelial Cell Abnormality rate was 5.08% in the total 354,725 smears and ranging between 0.3% to 16.64% among centers. The Atypical squamous cells/Squamous intraepithelial lesion ratios changed within the range of 0.21-13.94 with an average of 2.61. When the centers were asked whether they performed quality assurance studies, only 14 out of 28 centers, which shared the information, had such a control study and some quality parameters were better in these centers. Conclusion: There is an increase in the global Epithelial Cell Abnormality rate and there are great differences among centers. Quality control studies including the Atypical squamous cells/Squamous intraepithelial lesion ratio are important. Corrective and preventive action according to quality control parameters is a must. A cervical cytology subspecialist in every center can be utopic but a dedicated pathologist in the center is certainly needed.

Objective:Mesna (i.e. sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate; C2H5NaO3S2) has been used in otological surgery such as cholesteatoma dissection and tympanic membrane lateralisation in atelectatic ears. However, this study aimed to investigate its effect on cholesteatoma formation.Methods:A total of 20 Wistar rats were divided into two groups of 10 animals. The right and left ears of control animals were treated with saline (saline control group; n = 10 ears) and propylene glycol plus saline (propylene glycol control group; n = 10 ears), respectively. In the mesna group, both ears were treated with propylene glycol plus mesna (n = 20 ears). On days 1, 8 and 15, the saline control group had intratympanic injections of 0.2 ml saline and the propylene glycol control and mesna groups had intratympanic injections of 0.2 ml 100 per cent propylene glycol. On day 22, the propylene glycol control group had a single intratympanic injection of 0.2 ml saline and the mesna group had a single intratympanic injection of 10 per cent mesna. Animals were killed 12 weeks after the last injection and the temporal bones were sent for histopathological evaluation.Results:The cholesteatoma formation rate was 88 per cent in the propylene glycol control group, but was significantly lower in the mesna group (p = 0.01). There were no significant differences in granulation tissue formation (p = 0.498), cyst formation in the bulla (p = 0.381), fibrosis (p = 0.072) and epithelial hyperplasia (p = 0.081) among experimental groups.Conclusion:Intratympanic propylene glycol administration is an effective method of promoting experimental cholesteatoma formation. Administration of a single dose of intratympanic mesna inhibited cholesteatoma formation in an animal model.

Cholesteatoma in the urinary system is a rarely seen benign condition. Rosina firstly defined this condition in the year 1953. Histopathologically it is characterized with keratinization, and squamous metaplasia of urothelial epithelium associated with desquamation of keratinized layers. Flank pain is the most common symptom that is caused by elimination of keratinous material. In our case we will discuss cholesteatoma developed in an ectopic kidney which has not been described in the literature before.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to measure the effect of c-myc oncogene and matrix metalloproteinase-2 enzyme expression on metastasis and prognosis of malignant melanoma. At the end of this study, we hope to get information about the prognosis of melanoma, to be helpful for choosing the treatment strategy. Methods: Sixty-three patients treated in our hospital during 2006-2015 were included in this study. All clinical and histological parameters were collected from each patient’s records and survival rate is assessed. Forty-seven suitable tumor specimens were assessed by immunohistochemical stains and analyzed for the c-myc and MMP-2 positivity. All results were evaluated statistically for the effect on melanoma metastasis and survival rate. Results: C-myc positivity and MMP-2 positivity decreases the survival rate of melanoma. MMP-2 positivity increases the risk of death four more times. Conclusions: So this study confirms that we can evaluate c-myc and MMP-2 as a prognostic factor.