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The design of multifunctional photocatalyst with strong redox performance is the key to achieve sustainable utilization of solar energy. In this study, an elegant S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst was constructed between metal-free graphitic carbon nitride (g-C

Rechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) have attracted more and more attention due to the advantages of high safety, low cost, and environmental friendly in recent years. However, the lack of high-performance cathode materials and uncertain reaction mechanisms hinder the large-scale application of ZIBs. Herein, a 1D structure interlaced by ZnxMnO2 nanowires and carbon nanotubes is synthesized as cathode material for ZIB. The ZnxMnO2/CNTs cathode exhibits excellent specific capacity of 400 mAh g-1 at 100 mA g-1 and outstanding long-cycle stability (with a capacity retention of 93% after 100 cycles at 1000 mA g-1), which indicates the Zn2+ pre-intercalation and composite carbon nanotubes can effectively change the storage space of the tunnel structure and increase the electron transmission rate. In addition, the energy storage mechanism of the highly reversible co-insertion of H+ and Zn2+ is further elaborated. This work has enlightenment and promotion for the future research of ZIBs cathode materials. Moreover, the simple preparation method, low cost and excellent performance of ZnxMnO2/CNTs cathode material provide a new way for the practical application of ZIBs.

Background: The classic Cox proportional-hazards model is generally used to derive risk factors affecting patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, when competing risk factors are present, the results of Cox analysis need to be revisited.Objective: This study aimed to develop a competing-risks model to assess the factors that influence predictions of patients with CML in an attempt to produce results that are more accurate than those from Cox analyses.Methods: The CML data in the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) database that met our requirements during 1975–2019 were analyzed. Univariate analyses in this study were performed using cumulative incidence functions and Gray’s tests, and the multivariate analysis was performed using three models: Fine-Gray, cause-specific, and Cox proportional-hazards models.Results: Of the 8331 included cases, 4827 (57.94%) died (2459 [29.52%] from CML and 2368 [28.42%] from other causes) and 3504 (42.60) survived. Gray’s test indicated that the outcome was significantly affected by year of diagnosis, age, total number of in situ/malignant tumors, type of reporting source, marital status, and primary indicator of malignancy. The results of the multivariate competing-risks analyses suggested that age, year of diagnosis, total number of in situ/malignant tumors, type of reporting source, marital status, and primary indicator of malignancy were independent risk factors for the prognosis of patients with CML (PConclusions: This study has developed a competing-risks analysis model for assessing the risk factors for patients with CML. Our findings may allow for more-accurate formulation of clinical decisions, saving healthcare resources in the current individualized treatment environment for the benefit of the patients.

One dimensional Zn doped CuFe2O4 spinel ferrite nanofibers were successfully prepared via a facile electrospinning method followed by two different calcination routes. The results showed that the as-prepared nanofibers through two-step calcination exhibited more uniform size distribution in diameter compared with those calcined by one-step method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated that with the increase of Zn content the position of diffraction peaks of Zn doped CuFe2O4 slightly shift towards lower 2θ angle because the ionic sizes of the Zn2+ (0.74 Å) is larger than that of Cu2+ (0.69 Å). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results showed that with increasing Zn content the position of vibrational band (590 cm−1) shifted towards the smaller wavenumber. Generally, photo-generated carriers increased with the increasing of Zn content. The photo Fenton-like catalytic results revealed that the doping of Zn facilitated the enhancement of degradation efficiency of catalysts. Additionally, 10 at.% Zn doped CuFe2O4 exhibited the best photo Fenton-like catalytic activity and the degradation efficiency of Rhodamine B (RhB) could reach 100% in 40 min. Finally, the enhancement of photo Fenton-like catalytic mechanism of the Zn doped CuFe2O4 nanofibers was mainly attributed to actived spinel structure lattice by Zn doping, which allows more Cu2+ and Fe3+ ions are involved in the photo Fenton-like catalytic reaction.

ObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and long-term effects of response inhibition training as a therapeutic approach in healthy adults.MethodsThe PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, and China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP) were searched for studies. Data on the improvement of Cognitive function and its long-term effect were extracted by two authors independently. The pooled data were meta-analyzed using a random-effects model, and the quality of each eligible study was assessed by The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool.ResultsNine articles were included. 1 of the articles included 2 trials, so 10 eligible trials (response inhibition training group vs. control group) were identified. A total of 490 patients were included. Response inhibition training has beneficial effects on improving cognitive function in healthy adults compared to control treatment (SMD, −0.93; 95% CI, −1.56 to −0.30; Z = 2.88, P = 0.004), the subgroup analysis results showed that either GNG training alone (SMD, −2.27; 95% CI, −3.33 to −1.21; Z = 4.18, P < 0.0001) or the combination of both SST and GNG significantly improved cognitive function in healthy adults (SMD, −0.94; 95% CI, −1.33 to −0.56; Z = 4.80, P < 0.0001), whereas SST training alone did not have such an effect (SMD, −0.15; 95% CI, −0.76 to 0.47; Z = 0.47, P = 0.64). But its long-term effects are not significant (SMD, −0.29; 95% CI, −0.68 to 0.10; Z = 1.45, P = 0.15). The subgroup analysis results showed that neither GNG training alone (SMD, −0.25; 95% CI, −0.75 to 0.24; Z = 0.99, P = 0.32) nor SST training alone (SMD, 0.03; 95% CI, −0.42 to 0.48; Z = 0.14, P = 0.89) could improve the cognitive function of healthy adults in the long term. In contrast, the combination of both training (SMD, −0.95; 95% CI, −1.46 to −0.45; Z = 3.68, P = 0.0002) can have long-term effects on the improvement of cognitive function in healthy adults.ConclusionThe findings of our study indicate that response inhibition training can improve the cognitive function of healthy adults and that more RCTs need to be conducted to validate their usefulness in clinical cases.

Rechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) have attracted more and more attention due to the advantages of high safety, low cost, and environmental friendly in recent years. However, the lack of high-performance cathode materials and uncertain reaction mechanisms hinder the large-scale application of ZIBs. Herein, a 1D structure interlaced by Zn

Hierarchical urchin-like WO2.72 microspheres decorated by uniform Au nanoparticles were synthesized via a two-step deposition process. The two-step deposition process, including weak reduction deposition and photo-deposition, ensures uniform size and well-dispersed Au nanoparticles. The gas-sensing properties of WO2.72 and Au/WO2.72 for trimethylamine (TMA) were investigated. The results show that Au/WO2.72 has more outstanding gas-sensing performances, especially 3 wt% Au-loaded WO2.72 (A3/WO2.72). A3/WO2.72 not only has superior selectivity and response for TMA gas but also exhibits fast response and recovery time. The response of A3/WO2.72–100 ppm of TMA at 260 °C can attain 87.3, which is approximately 6.1 times of pure WO2.72. Besides, the good long-term effectiveness of A3/WO2.72-based sensor also can be observed. The mechanism of enhanced gas-sensing performances derived from the synergy of morphology, composition, and the sensitization effect of Au nanoparticles is proposed, which will facilitate the design and development of sensors decorated by noble metal.

Hierarchical bismuth tungstate (Bi2WO6) with various morphologies was successfully prepared by a simple hydrothermal method. The hierarchical Bi2WO6 are all assembled from nanosheets. However, with increase of acetic acid the morphology of Bi2WO6 transformed regularly according to the following order: clew-like, clew-like and flower-like, flower-like, dish-like with crisscross, dish-like with incomplete crisscross, and dish-like ones. Therefore, the effect of acetic acid on the morphology transformation of the Bi2WO6 was investigated and a plausible formation mechanism was proposed. Owing to the larger specific surface area and pore diameter, the clew-like Bi2WO6 exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity for the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB). Furthermore, the possible mechanism of photocatalytic degradation was discussed.

One dimensional Zn doped CuFe₂O₄ spinel ferrite nanofibers were successfully prepared via a facile electrospinning method followed by two different calcination routes. The results showed that the as-prepared nanofibers through two-step calcination exhibited more uniform size distribution in diameter compared with those calcined by one-step method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated that with the increase of Zn content the position of diffraction peaks of Zn doped CuFe₂O₄ slightly shift towards lower 2θ angle because the ionic sizes of the Zn

Metal-free graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is an ideal catalyst in the field of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution due to its visible light response, thermochemical stability and low cost. However, limited by the high photogenerated electron-hole recombination rate and poor light trapping ability of bulk g-C3N4 prepared by thermal condensation, it remains a great challenge in boosting the photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) evolution performance. Herein, a broom-like O-doped g-C3N4 nanoreactor (O-CN-NTs) oriented by tube-in-tube was developed for the first time through the “calcination-hydrothermal-calcination” method. The tube-in-tube nanoreactor not only can facilitate the scattering of incident light inside the cavity to enhance the utilization of light, but also can reduce the transport distance of carriers from the bulk to the surface to facilitate electron-hole separation. The morphology design of the tube-in-tube nanoreactor plays a very important role in improving the performance of photocatalytic H2 production. Furthermore, the density functional theory (DFT) calculation results manifest that the charge redistribution around the doped oxygen atoms accelerates the separation of electron-hole. The doping of oxygen atoms in g-C3N4 nanoreactor further enhanced the photocatalytic H2 production performance. Attributed to above advantages, the visible-light-driven (≥ 420 nm) photocatalytic H2 production rate of O-CN-NTs can achieve 13.61 mmol g-1 h-1, which is approximately 71.63 times that of bulk g-C3N4 (CN550).

The ultrafine α-Al 2 O 3 powder has been successfully synthesized via two-step hydrolysis of aluminum isopropoxide. The effects of synthesis parameters on the α-Al 2 O 3 were investigated. The experimental results indicated that the concentration of aluminum isopropoxide, water bath temperature, the molar ratio of aluminum isopropoxide to isopropanol and aluminum isopropoxide to deionized water greatly affect the amount of nuclei and the microstructure of α-Al 2 O 3 . Additionally, the water bath temperature affects the rate of nucleation and growth of crystals. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images display that the well-dispersed α-Al 2 O 3 powder with particle size about 100 nm was obtained via the method after calcination at 1200 °C for 1 h. The coalescence of crystal particles led to the formation of vermicular α-Al 2 O 3 particles. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) analysis demonstrated the possible phase transition process of α-Al 2 O 3 . The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of samples calcined at various temperatures showed the microstructure transformation. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and mean pore size of the samples varied with the calcination temperature. The addition of cetylrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) has impacts on the phase transformation of α-Al 2 O 3 .

The effects of calcination temperature, precursor content, holding time and heating rate on the morphology of WO3 nanofibers (NFs) prepared by electrospinning technology have been investigated systematically. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns using Rietveld method indicated that average crystalline sizes of nanoparticles of WO3 NFs increase with increasing calcination temperature. Also, the crystallinity of the nanofibers increases with the rise of calcination temperature. The suitable precursor contents and holding time facilitate the formation of continuous and uniform NFs. The samples prepared by different heating rates showed that the WO3 NFs fabricated with heating rate of 5 °C/min possess the smallest and uniform nanoparticle sizes. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns using Rietveld method exhibited that different heating rate had no significant influence on the crystallinity of WO3 NFs. Additionally, the experimental results of photocurrent responses and electrochemical impedance indicate that the WO3 NFs prepared by different heating rate have different photoelectrochemical performances.

Hydrothermally prepared nonstoichiometry tungsten oxide (WO

A novel biphase silver tungstate (Ag2WO4)/tungstate oxide (WO3) photocatalyst was synthesized through electrospinning process combined with a facile solid chemical reaction. The X-ray diffraction patterns, energy dispersive spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrated that the photocatalyst is composed of monoclinic WO3, β-Ag2WO4 and γ-Ag2WO4. The Ag2WO4/WO3 can completely degrade the rhodamine B (RhB) within 20 min under 300 W xenon lamp. The first-order kinetics constant k of Ag2WO4/WO3 is 26.3 times of WO3. The recycling photocatalytic tests proclaimed that the Ag2WO4/WO3 is relatively stable. The composites possess smaller impedance and higher photocurrent intensity, which displayed the promoted photoelectrochemical activities. The broadened light harvesting and accelerated photogenerated charge carrier migration account well for the enhanced photocatalytic performance of the composite. The direct Z-scheme photocatalytic mechanism should be responsible for the boosted photocatalytic performances of biphase Ag2WO4/WO3. This work gave new insights into the design and construction of WO3-based direct Z-scheme photocatalysts.

The adsorption experimental results show that W18O49 with oxygen vacancies not only has faster adsorption rates for MB but also has larger adsorption capacities than WO3. Besides, the maximum adsorption capacity of urchin-like W18O49 (375.94 mg/g) is about 2.76 times of WO3 (136.25 mg/g). However, photocatalytic results revealed that WO3 has better photocatalytic degradation ability than W18O49. Generally, the adsorption efficiency of urchin-like W18O49 (70.01%) is about 3.94 times of WO3 (17.78%), while the photodegradation efficiency of WO3 (62.45%) is 2.38 times of urchin-like W18O49 (26.20%). Therefore, urchin-like W18O49 has the best total removal efficiency, which can remove 96.21% of MB (50 ml, 90 mg/L) within 120 min. These studies emphasize the comprehensive effects of WO3 and W18O49 on dye removal from two aspects of adsorption and photocatalysis and provide strategies for the preparation of efficient dye removal materials.

Various molar ratio CdS nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully decorated on the surfaces of anatase-TiO2(B) nanobelts (NBs) synthesized by hydrothermal method. When the molar ratio of CdS to anatase-TiO2(B) is 10:100 (TC-10), CdS NPs with smaller size were uniformly decorated on the anatase-TiO2(B) NBs. The XRD results indicated that the products were composed of anatase, TiO2(B) and hexagonal CdS. Photoluminescence emission, UV–Vis absorption spectra, photocurrent spectra and electrochemical impedance spectra of the as-prepared samples demonstrated that the CdS NPs contributed to the enhancement of properties of composites. And the TC-10 exhibited the best photoelectrochemical properties. The rhodamine B (RhB) photocatalytic degradation experiments under 300 W Xenon lamp irradiation showed that CdS favors the improvement of degradation ratios. The TC-10 has the highest degradation ratio of RhB (91.9%, 30min), which should be attributed to the formation of homojunction, heterojunction and the uniform distribution of CdS nanoparticles with small sizes.

Hydrothermally prepared nonstoichiometry tungsten oxide (WO2.72) nanowires possess super selective adsorption performance for methylene blue (MB). The effects of dye concentration, contact time, pH and temperature on the adsorption properties of WO2.72 were investigated. The experimental results indicated that WO2.72 nanowires have a high adsorption capacity (547.32 mg/g) under neutral pH and a fast adsorption rate (adsorbing 100% within 6 min) for MB dye. The kinetic data showed good correlation coefficient (R2 > 0.99) for the pseudo-second-order. The equilibrium data suggesting the monolayer coverage of adsorbate as it fits well with the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 > 0.99). The energy functions of chemical thermodynamics revealed the adsorbate transport across the phase boundary is spontaneous and exothermic. Electrostatic absorption was proposed as the main adsorption mechanisms. Calcination treatment was utilized to decompose MB adsorbed on WO2.72 and regenerate WO2.72. The adsorption efficiency of WO2.72 nanowires can still reach 86.54% after recycling five times, which indicated that as-obtained WO2.72 nanowires are a very promising high-efficiency adsorbent for practical purification of dyeing waste water.