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In the quest for environmentally benign battery technologies, this study examines the microstructural and transport properties of water‐processed electrodes and compares them to conventionally formulated electrodes using the toxic solvent, N‐Methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP). Special focus is placed on sulfur electrodes utilized in lithium‐sulfur batteries for their sustainability and compatibility with diverse binder/solvent systems. The characterization of the electrodes by X‐ray micro‐computed tomography reveals that in polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) Lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide/NMP, sulfur particles tend to remain in large clusters but break down into finer particles in carboxymethyl cellulose‐styrene butadiene rubber (CMC‐SBR)/water and lithium polyacrylate (LiPAA)/water dispersions. The findings reveal that in the water‐based electrodes, the binder properties dictate the spatial arrangement of carbon particles, resulting in either thick aggregates with short‐range connectivity or thin films with long‐range connectivity among sulfur particles. Additionally, cracking is found to be particularly prominent in thicker water‐based electrodes, propagating especially in regions with larger particle agglomerates and often extending to cause local delamination of the electrodes. These microstructural details are shown to significantly impact the tortuosity and contact resistance of the sulfur electrodes and thereby affecting the cycling performance of the Li‐S battery cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance sensitivity of the solid‐state lithium cells to the synergistic interactions of the charge‐transport and mechanical properties of the electrolyte is well acknowledged in the literature, but the quantitative insights therein are very limited. Here, the charge‐transport and mechanical properties of a polymerized ionic‐liquid‐based solid electrolyte are reported. The transference number and diffusion coefficient of lithium in the concentrated solid electrolyte are measured as a function of concentration and stack pressure. The elastoplastic behavior of the electrolyte is quantified under compression, within a home‐made setup, to substantiate the impact of stack pressure on the stability of the Li/electrolyte interface in the symmetric lithium cells. The results spotlight the interaction between the concentration and thickness of the solid electrolyte and the stack pressure in determining the polarization and stability of the solid‐state lithium batteries during extended cycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is one of the most common causes of death. One of the most important problems in cancer treatment is the side effects of drugs and treatments. The limiting factor in cancer treatment is the lack of selectivity of drugs against cancer cells. Today, nanotechnology has been able to help in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease because most biological processes such as the creation of cancer occur in nano dimensions, therefore, in order to reduce side effects and improve existing drugs, various drug delivery systems based on nanotechnology have been developed. Cancer researchers use the ability of nanotechnology to evaluate cells and achieve the following goals: 1- Simulating the reaction of cells with protein and nucleic acids at the molecular level, and then obtaining a proper knowledge of cell behavior. 2- Studying the structure and function of intracellular proteins and research in the field of proteomics. 3- Initial determination of cancer. This article is written based on reviews of various articles in reputable journals and books related to the use of nanotechnology in cancer treatment. The selection of sources is based on suitability to the topic, year of research, non-repetition and comprehensiveness of the content. The effective treatment of cancer with the least side effects is considered one of the challenges of medical and pharmaceutical sciences, and the introduction of nanotechnology into therapeutic fields promises the production of a new group of anti-cancer drugs that provide diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities simultaneously. These structures have a special place in cancer treatment as drug carriers and optically and thermally active substances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Exposure to vibration and noise has been identified to potentially contribute to work-related fatigue, consequently causing a range of adverse effects on job performance. Method: In this study, a sample of 62 city bus drivers underwent examination to evaluate noise levels through the utilization of a TES dosimeter. Additionally, vibration measurements were conducted using an SV 106 vibration meter. Furthermore, the level of occupational fatigue was determined through the utilization of a Swedish fatigue questionnaire. Results: In the conducted study, it was observed that bus drivers were subjected to an average exposure level of 82.18 dB and 0.99 m/s2 for noise and whole-body vibration, respectively, throughout their work shifts. Additionally, their average job fatigue score was measured to be 26.21 out of a total of 200. To comprehensively evaluate the influence of various factors on (WRF), both single-variable and multi-variable analyses were conducted. The result of the univariate tests exhibited a notable association between job fatigue and the Lon life of the vehicle, the type of car seat (spring or inflatable), as well as the level of exposure to vibration and job satisfaction. Moreover, when considering the influencing factors concurrently in the multivariate test, a significant correlation between occupational fatigue and exposure to vibration, as well as the type of chair, was established. Conclusion: Improving the quality of buses by implementing modernized features that minimize vibrations and reduce noise levels can greatly contribute to mitigating fatigue among urban bus drivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Today, burnout has emerged as a significant concern affecting the well-being of employees within various groups and organizations. Numerous factors, including vibrations and noise, have been identified as impacting job burnout. City bus drivers are individuals who are frequently exposed to a wide range of stressors and pressures. Consequently, this study aims to evaluate the influence of noise and vibration exposure on job burnout specifically city bus drivers in Neyshabur. Material and method: In the conducted study, a total of 62 bus drivers from Neishabur city participated. To accurately measure sound levels, a TES dosimeter was employed, while vibration levels were assessed using an SV 106 vibration meter. As for job burnout, the researchers utilized the well-established Maslach questionnaire. Result: The present study reveals notable findings regarding the frequency levels of various dimensions among bus drivers. Particularly, the dimension of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization exhibited the highest percentage at a medium level. Moreover, all bus drivers scored high on the dimensions of lack of success and lack of efficiency. the dimension of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization was found to have the highest frequency percentage, particularly at a medium level. Results from the correlation test indicated a significant relationship between emotional fatigue and various factors, such as the number of working hours per week, amount of overtime per week, number of services, and exposure to vibrations. Additionally, a significant relationship was observed between the depersonalization dimension and the number of services, noise exposure, as well as lack of success and the number of services. Furthermore, a significant relationship between the lack of success dimension and the number of services and exposure to vibrations was identified. Conclusion: Factors such as the quantity of working hours, overtime, the number of services within the driving profession, as well as exposure to high levels of noise and vibration, have been identified as influential factors on job burnout. It is plausible to mitigate work burnout in driving occupations by implementing strategies such as reducing working hours, utilizing contemporary and low-vibration vehicles, and rotating work shifts between drivers in bustling and clamorous locales with more serene urban environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]