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Introduction: Rhabdomyosarcoma, the most common malignant mesenchymal tumour in children, primarily affects the urogenitals. In Europe, the prognosis of the localised forms is excellent, whereas in sub-saharan Africa, it is reserved. This observation study aimed to report the diagnostic, therapeutic, evolutionary, and prognostic aspects of rhabdomyosarcoma. Case presentation: This was a series of six observations in four boys and two girls, all of whom had no significant medical history. An abdominal mass in two patients and a pelvic mass in the others evolved over 10 days to 4 months. All localizations were complicated by signs of compression: urinary for the pelvic and digestive for the abdomen. CT tomography revealed urogenital localisation in four patients and abdominal localisation in one patient. A histological examination revealed embryonic rhabdomyosarcoma in all patients. Chemotherapy was neoadjuvant in five patients and postoperative in one patient. Immediate tumour resection was performed in one patient. All patients died: five during chemotherapy and one following recurrence after 1 year of remission. Conclusion: The prognosis of rhabdomyosarcomas is linked to delays in consultation, tumour size, histological type, and therapeutic difficulties. Adequate management of this condition requires multidisciplinary consultation.

Ovarian fibroids account for 4% of all ovarian tumors. It is very uncommon before the age of 30. We report the case of a 4-year-old girl with ovarian fibroids. The patient was admitted for a painless, isolated, firm, grossly oval hypogastric mass evolving over three months. Abdominopelvic CT-scan revealed a supra-bladder tissue mass associated with coeliomesenteric lymphomatous lymphadenopathy. Peroperatively, it was a non-necrotic right ovarian tissue mass measuring 12 cm x by 8 cm and weighing 300 g. It was associated with a two-turn torsion of the right proboscis. The left ovary was healthy. A detorsion with lumpectomy was performed. The postoperative course was uneventful. Histological examination revealed a calcified ovarian fibroid with no histological signs of malignancy. During a follow-up period of 22 months, no recurrence was observed. Paraclinical diagnosis was based on pelvic ultrasound. When there is diagnostic doubt, MRI is the optimal technique for characterizing an adnexal mass. It is necessary to be concerned about torsion of the appendix which often manifests itself as vague pain.

Acute limb ischemia is a rare disorder in the perinatal period. The etiology and management of acute limb ischemia is not well described. We report 4 cases of acute limb ischemia in the neonatal period. Observations: We present the cases of four premature neonates aged between 6 and 15 days. The mothers of one of the neonates had a history of gestational diabetes. Three neonates were born by eutocic vaginal delivery and one, by cesarean section. Reasons for hospitalization of the neonates included infections (3 cases), hyaline membrane disease (2 cases) and congenital malaria (1 case).The neonates presented with cyanosis localized in the fingers (1 case), cyanosis on the fingers extending to the forearm (2 cases) and cyanosis localized in the toe (1 case). All patients had a peripheral intravenous catheter implanted in the affected limb. In three cases, there was an infectious syndrome and in one case, hemostasis was impaired. Doppler ultrasound of the blood vessels in the affected limb revealed arterial thrombosis in 2cases. Management involved antibiotics, heparin therapy and fasciotomy. During hospitalization, 1 patient had spontaneous distal phalanx amputation, 1 required surgery for forearm segmental gangrene and 2 died. Conclusion: Neonatal acute limb ischemia is rare but can be fatal due to functional and vital repercussions. Treatment outcomes depend on early diagnosis, etiology and treatment.

Pneumoscrotum is defined as being an accumulation of air in the scrotal region. The combination of pneumoperitoneum and pneumoscrotum of bacterial origin is rare and sets diagnostic and therapeutic problems. Objective: To report the case of a neonate who presented a pneumoscrotum combined to a pneumoperitoneum simulating a compound inguino-scrotal hernia. Clinical case: It was a neonate in its 3rd day of life, of a male gender, taken care of, for a left inguino-scrotal swelling which occurred 8 h before its admission. The clinical examination objectivized a voluminous left inguino-scrotal swelling with facing skin ulceration and a basithoracic subcutaneous emphysema. The trans-illumination was positive. An impromptu X-ray photography of the abdomen revealed a gaseous cavity under the diaphragmatical cupola. The biological checkup was disrupted with an anemia at 4 g/dl and a CRP at 48 mg/l. This clinical picture led to the suggestion of a compound constricted left inguino-scrotal hernia. The indication of a surgical exploration by upper inguinal way was set. During the surgery operation, a voluminous air bubble in the left inguino-scrotal region with a moderate scrotal hematoma was found out. A hematoma drainage and a ligation-section of the peritoneum – vaginal canal were carried out. The immediate operative effects were simple with a gradual disappearance of the subcutaneous emphysema. During the surgery operations takings allowed us to isolate Klebsiella pneumonia, and an adapted antibiotic therapy was carried for 10 days. Conclusion: Pneumoscrotum is rare in a neonate. The diagnosis is difficult for it could be confused with other ailments. It is advisable to identify the primary or secondary etiology for an adequate medical care.

Scrotal hematoma (SH) in newborn is a rare condition. It can occur secondary to adrenal hemorrhage which often is associated with birth trauma. Scrotal hematoma often raises the suspicion of testicular torsion leading to unnecessary surgery. We report two cases which improved our management approach.