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Background: The bond strengths and mode of failure of stainless steel orthodontic brackets bonded to the newer all-ceramic crown systems has not been fully investigated.

Objectives: This systematic review aims to determine the impact of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) therapeutic interventions on patients' oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) and to recommend approaches that improve QoL. Data Sources: A systematic search of the literature was performed between January 2007 and October 2017 to identify articles on TMD interventions and OHRQoL. Randomized controlled trials, and retrospective and prospective cohort studies that mentioned dedicated tools for measurement of OHRQoL changes in TMD patients after therapeutic interventions were included. Abstracts of studies that did not mention any form of measurement of OHRQoL in their treatment outcome were excluded. The initial screening yielded 171 articles. After evaluation of abstracts and full text articles, five articles fulfilled all selection criteria and were included. Most TMD treatment interventions seem to improve QoL to some extent, but no single treatment modality can be advocated as the sole approach to managing TMD. Conclusion: Psychotherapy, occlusal appliance therapy, arthrocentesis, and orthodontics/ orthognathic surgery (in subjects with severe malocclusion) appear to improve OHRQoL of TMD patients. Recommendation on the best TMD intervention for improving QoL could not be made due to the diverse TMD subtypes and non-disease specific OHRQoL instruments employed. More studies incorporating TMD-specific OHRQoL measures and targeting explicit TMD subtypes based on internationally accepted diagnostic criteria are warranted in this area of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This systematic review aimed to appraise the quality of life of patients with restored endodontically treated teeth. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines were employed. The specific PEO question was as follows: population: patients who were healthy individuals ≥18 years old and required endodontic treatment; exposure: endodontic treatment with a coronal restoration with at least 6 months in occlusal function; and outcome: quality of life of patients. Databases were searched in conjunction with hand searching of reference lists of endodontic textbooks, endodontic‐related journals, and relevant articles from electronic searching. Six articles met the inclusion criteria. Most studies concluded that non‐surgical root canal therapy improved patients' quality of life. The effect of operator type yielded conflicting results. Only one paper compared endodontic treatment with implant placement, and it showed similar patient‐centric outcome with a high level of patient satisfaction. Current research is still limited, and further studies are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Fonseca anamnestic index (FAI) offers a simple, low‐cost, patient‐reported method for screening temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Objectives: This study described the development of the Chinese version of the FAI (FAI‐C) and examined its reliability and validity when compared to the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD). Methods: The FAI‐C was created by translation and cross‐cultural adaptation of the English instrument following international guidelines. Psychometric evaluation of the FAI‐C was carried out on a sample of 613 patients with TMDs and 57 controls. Reliability of the FAI‐C was determined by means of internal consistency and test‐retest methods while validity was ascertained by criterion‐related validity. Criterion validity was examined via Cohen's kappa, sensitivity and specificity when compared with DC/TMD Axis I diagnoses. Results: Cronbach's alpha value (internal consistency) for total FAI‐C score was 0.669, and intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC) value (test‐retest reliability) was 0.823. For criterion validity, kappa coefficient value was 0.633 while sensitivity and specificity was 95.9% and 71.9%, respectively. Conclusion: The Chinese version of the FAI demonstrated acceptable reliability and good validity. The FAI‐C could thus be used as an instrument for screening TMDs in Chinese literate populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Background: Symptoms of Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) could affect oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) and psychological distress. Objective: This study aims to determine the prevalence of TMD symptoms, and impact of type and number of TMD symptoms on OHRQoL and psychological states among Asian military personnel. Method: The study was conducted across 12 military dental centres using self‐administered questionnaire comprising demographical data, DC/TMD symptom questionnaire, OHIP‐14 and DASS‐21. A total of 3028 personnel, aged between 18‐65 years old, were invited to participate with an acceptance rate of 90.5%. Data analysis was done using non‐parametric tests, regression analysis and Spearman correlation (P < 0.05). Results: Out of 2043 subjects (1998 males; 45 females, mean age 24.18 ± 7.18 years), 36.32% (n = 742) reported at least one TMD symptom. Significant differences in summary OHIP‐14, depression, anxiety and stress scores were observed between subjects with and without TMD symptoms. Significant differences in OHIP‐14 and DASS‐21 scores were observed between dissimilar type and number of TMD symptoms in the TMD group. Those with headaches and 2‐3 symptoms have substantially poorer OHRQoL and greater psychological distress. Associations between number of TMD symptoms, quality of life, depression, anxiety and stress were significant but weak (r = 0.19‐0.40). Conclusions: Symptoms of Temporomandibular Disorders were prevalent among Asian military population. Significant differences in OHRQoL and psychological states were observed between subjects with and without TMD symptoms. Specific type and number of TMD symptoms impacted OHRQoL and psychological states differently. Associations between number of TMD symptoms and quality of life, depression, anxiety and stress were significant but weak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim:The objective of this literature review was to assess the effect of orthognathic surgical treatment on temporomandibular disorders (TMD), quality of life (QoL), and psychosocial wellness. Methods:Journal articles and systematic reviews published in English between 1982 and 2015 were searched using PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane database using the search terms “orthognathic,” “temporomandibular disorders,” “quality of life,” and “psychosocial.” The articles were then reviewed and discussed. Results:Both objective and subjective parameters play a role in orthognathic treatment outcome satisfaction and QoL. Psychological factors and TMD exerted a stronger influence on patients’ QoL more than objective treatment outcome measures. Conclusion:A paradigm shift in clinical mindset from solely objective measures to a more holistic, patient-centric approach of addressing patients’ expectations and improving QoL is warranted when treating patients with dentofacial disharmonies. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The objective of this study was to compare the hardness and modulus of the continuum of direct tooth-colored restorative materials using a depth-sensing microindentation approach. The effects of thermal fatigue on mechanical properties were also evaluated. Six restorative materials representing the continuum were selected. They included an ormocer (Admira [AM], Voco), a giomer (Beautifil [BF], Shofu), a compomer (Dyract Extra [DE], Dentsply), a minifill composite (Esthet-X [EX], Dentsply), resin-modified (Fuji II LC [FL], GC) and highly viscous (Fuji IX [FN], GC) glass ionomer cements (GICs). Fourteen specimens (3 mm wide×3 mm long×2 mm deep) were made for each material. The specimens were randomly divided into two groups and treated as follows: Group A—stored in distilled water at 37°C for 30 days; Group B—thermal cycled for 5000 cycles (35°C [28 s], 15°C [2 s], 35°C [28 s], 45°C [2 s]) and stored for 26.5 days. Hardness and modulus of the materials were determined using depth-sensing microindentation testing with the Instron MicroTester. Hardness was computed by dividing the peak load over the maximum projected contact area while modulus was calculated by analysis of the loading/unloading load–displacement (P–h) curves and the analytical model according to Oliver and Pharr (J. Mater. Res. 7 (1992) 1564). Results were analyzed using ANOVA/Scheffe''s post hoc test and independent samples T-test (p<0.05). Hardness ranged 46.44–72.65 and 49.11–78.97 HV, while modulus ranged 7.86–12.78 and 8.12–13.13 GPa for Groups A and B, respectively. Although the ranking of mechanical properties were generally similar for both groups, disparities in statistical differences between materials were observed between Groups A and B for both hardness and modulus. For both groups, BF was significantly harder than DE, AM, FL and EX was significantly harder than FL. The modulus of FN was significantly greater than EX, DE, AM and FL was significantly stiffer than AM. With the exception of BF, no significant change in hardness and modulus was observed for all materials with thermocycling. The hardness and modulus of some glass ionomer-based/containing materials may be comparable or even superior to minifill and ormocer composites. Thermal fatigue should be considered when comparing mechanical properties between materials. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Aims: To determine the prevalence of sleep bruxism (SB) in adult obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients, to assess the association between SB and OSA in terms of sleep macrostructure and respiratory parameters, and to determine possible OSA risk factors for SB., Methods: Type I polysomnographic data of 147 adult OSA patients (mean age 44.6 ± 12.8 years) were evaluated for SB. SB episodes were scored when masseter rhythmic masticatory muscle activity (RMMA) was twice the background electromyography amplitude, and SB was established when patients had more than four SB episodes per hour of sleep. Demographic characteristics, sleep macrostructure, and respiratory parameters, including respiratory-related arousal index (RAI), spontaneous arousal index (SAI), oxygen desaturation index (ODI), and Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI), were analyzed for differences between patients with and without SB using independent samples t test and Mann-Whitney U test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the odds of OSA risk factors for SB., Results: Approximately one-third (33.3%) of the adult OSA patients had concomitant SB. Most of the RMMA observed in OSA-SB patients was phasic in nature. OSA patients with SB demonstrated significantly greater RAI (P = .001) and ODI (P = .005). RAI (odds ratio = 1.05, 95% confidence interval = 1.00 to 1.10) and SAI (odds ratio = 0.89, 95% confidence interval = 0.80 to 0.96) demonstrated marginal effects on the odds of experiencing SB., Conclusion: About one-third of adult OSA patients had SB, and these patients demonstrated significantly more respiratory-related arousals and oxygen desaturations. These findings suggest that a phenotypic subtype of OSA patients with predominantly phasic SB exists and allude to a possible protective role of RMMA in respiratory-related arousals.

Objectives: This systematic review aims to determine the impact of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) therapeutic interventions on patients' oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) and to recommend approaches that improve QoL., Data Sources: A systematic search of the literature was performed between January 2007 and October 2017 to identify articles on TMD interventions and OHRQoL. Randomized controlled trials, and retrospective and prospective cohort studies that mentioned dedicated tools for measurement of OHRQoL changes in TMD patients after therapeutic interventions were included. Abstracts of studies that did not mention any form of measurement of OHRQoL in their treatment outcome were excluded. The initial screening yielded 171 articles. After evaluation of abstracts and full text articles, five articles fulfilled all selection criteria and were included. Most TMD treatment interventions seem to improve QoL to some extent, but no single treatment modality can be advocated as the sole approach to managing TMD., Conclusion: Psychotherapy, occlusal appliance therapy, arthrocentesis, and orthodontics/orthognathic surgery (in subjects with severe malocclusion) appear to improve OHRQoL of TMD patients. Recommendation on the best TMD intervention for improving QoL could not be made due to the diverse TMD subtypes and non-disease specific OHRQoL instruments employed. More studies incorporating TMD-specific OHRQoL measures and targeting explicit TMD subtypes based on internationally accepted diagnostic criteria are warranted in this area of research.

Aim: The objective of this literature review was to assess the effect of orthognathic surgical treatment on temporomandibular disorders (TMD), quality of life (QoL), and psychosocial wellness., Methods: Journal articles and systematic reviews published in English between 1982 and 2015 were searched using PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane database using the search terms "orthognathic," "temporomandibular disorders," "quality of life," and "psychosocial." The articles were then reviewed and discussed., Results: Both objective and subjective parameters play a role in orthognathic treatment outcome satisfaction and QoL. Psychological factors and TMD exerted a stronger influence on patients' QoL more than objective treatment outcome measures., Conclusion: A paradigm shift in clinical mindset from solely objective measures to a more holistic, patient-centric approach of addressing patients' expectations and improving QoL is warranted when treating patients with dentofacial disharmonies.

Aims: To develop a Malay-language version of the Axis II Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) through a formal translation/back-translation process and to summarize available data about the psychometric properties of the translated scales., Methods: To cross-culturally adapt the instrument, the RDC/TMD underwent translation using a forward-backward method. Subjects were recruited to test the congruency between translated and original versions of the RDC/TMD. The psychometric properties of 3 domains (Graded Chronic Pain Scale, Nonspecific Physical Symptoms, and Depression) of the RDC/TMD were examined, and the literature on this topic was reviewed., Results: All the items scored 93% to 100% congruency. Cronbach's alphas for Graded Chronic Pain Scale, Nonspecific Physical Symptoms, and Depression were 0.77, 0.71, and 0.88, respectively (n = 40). The test-retest reliability of scores (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]) and levels (Spearman's rho) for these domains showed ICCs of 0.97, 0.94, and 0.95, respectively, with a lowest ICC value of 0.84 (n = 40); the Spearman's rho values were 0.93, 0.74, and 0.74, respectively. The discriminant validity between patients with pain symptoms (n = 40) and normal pain-free controls (n = 40) were statistically significant (P < .001). These correlations provide support for the internal consistency and validity of the Graded Chronic Pain Scale, Nonspecific Physical Symptoms, and Depression domains of the translated version of the RDC/TMD, which were found to be comparable to the psychometric properties of the original and other international translated versions., Conclusion: The cross-cultural adaptation of the RDC/TMD into the Malay language is suitable for use in Malaysia.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different surface treatments and aging on the bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded to provisional materials (autopolymerizing polymethylmethacrylate [PMMA] resins and bis-acryl composite). The mode of failure was also compared., Material: One hundred twenty flat-surfaced disks of each provisional material were fabricated and embedded in acrylic molds. The specimens were divided randomly into 3 groups of 40, according to the surface treatment rendered: control, polished with greenstone, and sandblasted. Brackets were bonded, and specimens were stored in water at 35 degrees C. Half the specimens in each group were debonded after 1 week, and the other half were debonded after 1 month with a shear-peel load on a testing system with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The amount of composite resin left on the specimen surfaces was analyzed and classified with the adhesive remnant index., Results: The bond strengths of brackets to bis-acryl composite resin for all 3 surfaces were clinically acceptable (9-12 MPa) when compared with PMMA (3-5 MPa). The bond strengths of both provisional materials were generally influenced by the kind of surface treatment and aging. The mode of failure was adhesive for PMMA and predominantly cohesive for bis-acryl composite provisional materials., Conclusions: The bond strength of orthodontic brackets to provisional restorations might depend on material, surface treatment, and time. Brackets should be bonded to bis-acryl composite provisional restorations within 1 week of fabrication.