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Background and Purpose: Allograft rejection and corneal endothelial dysfunction are the two leading causes of corneal transplantation failure, but the underlying pathogenesis remains largely uncertain. Experimental Approaches: Using murine orthotopic corneal transplantation model, we analyzed the cellular senescence of allografts at early stage after transplantation through senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) staining, real-time PCR and western blot. Genetic approach, adoptive transfer experiment, primary mouse corneal fibroblasts (MCF) culture platform, exosome purification, and various experimental readouts were performed to investigate the pathogenic roles of transplantation stress-induced senescence in driving corneal allograft rejection and the underlying mechanism. Key Results: We showed that the surgery injury evoked corneal senescence-like phenotype at early stage after age-matched transplantation, characterized by more accumulation of SA-β-Gal positive cells in corneal endothelium and stroma, and elevated senescence marker p16INK4a (CDKN2A) and p21 (CDKN1A). Through genetic approach and adoptive transfer experiment, we revealed that stress-induced senescence promoted corneal immune rejection. Mechanistically, stress-induced senescence drove the escalated alloimmune responses through senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and exosomes. Targeting senescent cell using senolytic approach significantly blocked ocular alloresponse and subsequent immune rejection. Conclusion and Implications: These findings highlighted transplantation stress-induced senescence as pathogenic driver for corneal allograft rejection, further suggesting senolytic therapy as a novel option against corneal transplantation rejection and perhaps other organ transplantation rejection.

Corneal injectable hydrogels represent a promising alternative to alleviate donor shortage and simplify traditional surgeries. However, most hydrogels focus on repairing focal corneal defects (≤3.5 mm) and leave many clinical requirements unmet. Herein, a novel ion-activated bioadhesive hydrogel (IonBAH) is designed and its long-term performance of repairing large corneal defects (6 mm) is evaluated in rabbits for 6 months. The IonBAH is a dual-network hydrogel composed of natural corneal extracellular matrix and peptide-modified alginate, which enables its desirable transparency and biocompatibility, tunable mechanics, and robust adhesion. Moreover, the IonBAH maintains the secretory phenotype of quiescent keratocytes, while preventing their myofibroblastic differentiation in vitro. Upon application in situ, it rapidly seals the 6 mm corneal defect and forms normal curvature through the coverage of a contact lens impregnated with calcium ions. During the 6 months follow-up, the IonBAH promotes rapid regeneration of corneal epithelium, stroma, and nerves with restored transparency, equivalent to the outcome of donor corneal transplantation. In addition, the suitability of IonBAH as an adhesive and patch for various clinical requirements are also evaluated with a pleasing outcome. Collectively, IonBAH may provide a clinically applicable scaffold for corneal surgeries, especially in large defect repair.

To investigate the predictors of stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) and poor functional outcome in patients with hyperacute cerebral infarction (HCI) by combining clinical factors, laboratory tests and neuroimaging features.We included 205 patients with HCI from November 2018 to December 2019. The diagnostic criterion for SAP was occurrence within 7 days of the onset of stroke. Poor outcome was defined as a functional outcome based on a 3-months MRS score3. The relationship of demographic, laboratory and neuroimaging variables with SAP and poor outcome was investigated using univariate and multivariate analyses.Fifty seven (27.8%) patients were diagnosed with SAP and 40 (19.5%) developed poor outcomes. AAfter the addition of neuroimaging features, the models exhibit good differentiation and calibration for the prediction of the occurrence of SAP and the development of poor outcomes in HCI patients. The SAP model could better predict the SAP, representing a helpful and valid tool to obtain a net benefit compared with the A

This study aim to identify the clinical risk factors of and to develop a radiomics-based predictive model for early postoperative seizure.We retrospectively assessed 322 operative patients with meningioma who met the inclusion criteria from January 2014 to December 2016 at The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the predictive value of clinical variables. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to obtain the radiomic score (Rscore) for early postoperative seizure. Radiological features were evaluated using the AK software. The minimal redundancy (mRMR) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) methods were used to assess for radiomic features, and the Rscore was obtained based on radiomic characteristics using a specific formula.In total, 260 patients who met the inclusion criteria were finally enrolled in this study. Among them, 20 experienced early postoperative seizure. Logistic regression analysis showed that Rscore was associated with a significantly high risk of seizure (p0.000). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that the area under the ROC curve of the Rscore was 0.92 (95% confidence interval: 0.853-0.987). The model had a high accuracy for predicting early postoperative seizure.The Rscore was found to be associated with a high risk of early postoperative seizures. Thus, a higher Rscore (-1.644) can identify high-risk patients requiring intensive care.

Crossed cerebellar diaschisis (CCD) is a secondary phenomenon caused by supratentorial brain injury, characterized by hypoperfusion and hypometabolism of the contralateral cerebellum. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the quantitative data of initial supratentorial ischemia and CCD, and to further explore the prognosis value of CCD in the hyperacute phase.The imaging and clinical data of 109 patients with hyperacute ischemic stroke were analyzed retrospectively, univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used to observe the relationship between the volume and degree of initial supratentorial ischemia and CCD, respectively, and to further analyze the effects of CCD in the hyperacute phase on neurological function and clinical prognosis.The degree and volume of initial supratentorial ischemia was significantly correlated with hyperacute CCD. The volume of ischemic penumbra (OR=1.021 [95% CI: 1.009-1.033], P0.001) and the reduction rate of cerebral blood volume (CBV) (OR=1.338 [95% CI: 1.073-1.668], P=0.01) were the main influencing factors of CCD; patients with hyperacute CCD had higher admission and discharge National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) (P=0.046 and P=0.01), and more hemorrhagic transformation (P=0.021), but there was no significant difference in the final infarction volume (P=0.347) and the 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) (P=0.757).Patients with CCD had larger initial supratentorial ischemic volume and more severe ischemic degree in the hyperacute ischemic stroke, more short-term neurological impairment, and worse short-term treatment effect, however, but the long-term functional prognosis was not be affected.

The effects of using Cesium azide as an n-dopant in Bis-4,6-(3,5-di-3-pyridylphenyl)-2-methylpyrimi-dine on the performances of green phosphorescent organic light-emitting device had been studied in detail for the first time. By optimizing the device structure, phosphorescent organic light-emitting device having a maximum current efficiency of 76.4 cd/A and a maximum external quantum efficiency of 21.7% was realized. In particular, the maximum power efficiency and the power efficiency at 100 cd/m2 were as high as 99.9lm/W and 99.4lm/W, respectively, which were better than the parameter on power efficiency of most reported Ir (ppy)3-OLEDs without out-coupling enhancement. Origins of the improvement on device characteristics in the n-doped device were systematically investigated by experimental and theoretical methods and the role of Cesium azide in enhancing the electron conductivity of the n-doped electron-transporting layer was discovered by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement.

A one-pot method to remove methyl orange (MO, organic contaminant) and CrO42− (Cr, inorganic contaminant) from waste water was developed by forming Zn-Al layered double hydroxides (ZnAl-LDH). By this process, the efficiency of MO or Cr removal was nearly 100% and reached the theoretical maximum of ZnAl-LDH removal capacity. In addition, the mixed contaminants of MO and Cr in wastewater can be separated from each other by controlling the addition of Zn/Al solution using this one-pot method. The molecular arrangement of the immobilized contaminants in the interlayer of LDH and the selective removal mechanism were analyzed by calculated binding energies obtained from molecular simulation.

In this research, we have investigated the charge generation and electron injection processes in charge generation unit (CGU) consisting of CsN3-doped Bis-4, 6-(3, 5-di-3-pyridylphenyl)-2-methylpyrimi-dine (CsN3:B3PYMPM)/Al/1, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11-Hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN). By employing this CGU, a high-efficiency phosphorescent tandem device achieving best efficiencies of 164.3 cd/A, 46.51% and 109.8 lm/W has been realized. Particularly, in addition to the improvement in current efficiency by more than two times, the tandem device has better power efficiency compared to the corresponding single-unit device at the same current density. Simultaneously, an efficient tandem white OLED showing high color stability and warm white emission over a wide range of luminance has been also fabricated.

Given the communication features of STDMA among inter-satellite links, this the-sis proposed a hierarchical planning method for the inter-satellite links network of navigation constellation. First, we hierarchized the satellite networks in accordance with their visible relationships, and interlinked them hierarchically on the basis of STDMA. Second, we comprehensively analyzed the costs of hop, time-delay and load on the stability of inter-satellite links, and therefore designed an improved A* algorithm suitable for multi-level satellite networks. At last, we simulated our method under constellation models. The results of simulations revealed that the time-delay among links was less than 5 s on average, mean hops were less than 2 counts, and on-board load converged, which met the requirements of QoS communication.

Both the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and 18S rRNA genes are broadly applied in molecular fingerprinting studies of fungi. However, the differences in those two ribosomal RNA regions are still largely unknown. In the current study, three sets of most suitable subunit ribosomes in ITS and 18S rRNA were compared using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) under the optimum experimental conditions. Ten samples from both aquatic and soil environments were tested. The results revealed that the ITS region produced range-weighted richness in the range 36-361, which was significantly higher than that produced by 18S rDNA. There was a similar tendency in terms of the Shannon-Weaver diversity index and community dynamics in both water and soil samples. Samples from water and soil were better separated using ITS than 18S rDNA in principal component analysis of DGGE bands. Our study suggests that the ITS region is more precise and has more potential than 18S rRNA genes in fungal community analysis.

We realized an efficient hybrid tandem warm white organic light-emitting device with extremely stable color purity in forward direction by employing an easy-fabrication charge generation unit (CGU) combining 1, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11-Hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile with ultrathin bilayers of LiF and Al. The tandem white device exhibits maximum efficiencies of 37.3 cd/A, 23.3 lm/W and still remains at high efficiencies of 34.4 cd/A, 17 lm/W at the luminance of 1000 cd/m2. When the operating current density increases from 5 mA/cm2 to 30 mA/cm2, the variations in Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates are only (0.007, 0.003). Moreover, we also studied the cause of color variation in tandem white device by performing systematic optical simulation and discovered the origin of alleviation in efficiency roll-off for tandem white device by applying triplet-polaron quenching (TPQ) model.

We have realized highly efficient tandem organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) employing an easily fabricated charge generation unit (CGU) combining 1,4,5,8,9,11-hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile with ultrathin bilayers of CsN3 and Al. The charge generation and separation processes of the CGU have been demonstrated by studying the differences in the current density–voltage characteristics of external-carrier-excluding devices. At high luminances of 1000 and 10000 cd/m2, the current efficiencies of the phosphorescent tandem device are about 2.2- and 2.3-fold those of the corresponding single-unit device, respectively. Simultaneously, an efficient tandem white OLED exhibiting high color stability and warm white emission has also been fabricated.

Cesium azide was employed as an effective n-dopant in the electron-transporting layer (ETL) of organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) owing to its low deposition temperature and high ambient stability. By doping cesium azide onto 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, a green phosphorescent OLED having best efficiencies of 66.25 cd A−1, 81.22 lm W−1 and 18.82% was realized. Moreover, the efficiency roll-off from 1000 cd m−2 to 10 000 cd m−2 is only 12.9%, which is comparable with or even lower than that of devices utilizing the co-host system. Physical mechanisms for the improvement of device performance were studied in depth by analyzing the current density–voltage (J–V) characteristics of the electron-only devices. In particular, by comparing the J–V characteristics of the electron-only devices instead of applying the complicated ultraviolet photoelectron spectrometer measurements, we deduced the decrease in barrier height for electron injection at the ETL/cathode contact. Finally, an efficient tandem white OLED utilizing the n-doped layer in the charge generation unit (CGU) was constructed. As far as we know, this is the first report on the application of this CGU for fabricating tandem white OLEDs. The emissions of the tandem device are all in the warm white region from 1213 cd m−2 to 10870 cd m−2, as is beneficial to the lighting application.