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Amorphous V2O5@V2CTx cathodes were obtained by surface oxidation and subsequent in situ electrochemical oxidation of V2CTx MXene, and the assembled ZIBs exhibited high-capacity and stable Zn-storage performance.

We present a complete representation theorem for nullnorms on bounded lattices. Explicitly, any nullnorm on a bounded lattice can be represented in terms of two order-preserving maps, a triangular conorm, a triangular norm and a conditionally associative function. As a particular case, we retrieve the known representation of nullnorms only taking values that are comparable with the annihilator (in terms of two order-preserving maps, a triangular conorm and a triangular norm). As an illustration of the representation theorem, we generate construction methods for nullnorms, especially those taking at least one value that is incomparable with the annihilator.

First, we present construction methods for interior operators on a meet semilattice. Second, under the assumption that the underlying meet semilattices constitute the range of an interior operator, we prove an ordinal sum theorem for countably many (finite or countably infinite) triangular norms on bounded meet semilattices, which unifies and generalizes two recent results: one by Dvořak and Holcapek and the other by some of the present authors. We also characterize triangular norms that are representable as the ordinal sum of countably many triangular norms on given bounded meet semilattices.

Decomposition integrals provide a framework for non-linear integrals that include Choquet, Shilkret, the PAN, and the concave integrals. All of these integrals found their applications in mathematics, notably in decision-making and economy. An important class of decomposition integrals is the class of integrals extending Lebesgue integral in the sense that the decomposition integral with respect to classical measures coincides with Lebesgue integral. In this paper, we consider finite spaces X only and discuss some necessary and sufficient conditions for this property. Also, some construction methods are given and exemplified.

We introduce three broad classes of nullnorms on a bounded lattice and lay bare the structure of their members. For that purpose, we introduce particular subsets of a bounded lattice, called upper (resp. lower) beams, and appropriate associative operations on them, called beam (resp. dual beam) operations, which conveniently generalize triangular norms (resp. triangular conorms). It is shown that nullnorms in the first (resp. second) class are characterized by a triangular conorm (resp. triangular norm) and a beam operation (resp. dual beam operation), while nullnorms in the third class are characterized by a triangular conorm and a triangular norm. We also discuss the relationships among these three classes.

As generalizations of the classes Umin and Umax of uninorms on the real unit interval, we introduce the classes Umin and Umax of uninorms on a bounded lattice and lay bare the structure of their members. It is shown that uninorms in Umin (resp. Umax) are characterized by a triangular conorm (resp. triangular norm) and a triangular subnorm (resp. triangular superconorm). The characterization theorems unify all the existing construction methods for these two classes of uninorms known in the literature. We also introduce four new related classes of uninorms on a bounded lattice and present dedicated construction methods using triangular subnorms and triangular superconorms. Finally, connections among the introduced classes of uninorms are discussed.

In this note, we point out that Theorem 3.1 as well as Theorem 3.5 in G. D. Cayli and F. Karacal (Kybernetika 53 (2017), 394-417) contains a superfluous condition. We have also generalized them by using closure (interior, resp.) operators.

Endostatin (ES, ENDO) has been reported to suppress the growth of tumors while inducing the proliferation of lung cancer stem cells (LCSCs), causing a poor prognosis for lung cancer. In this study, we aimed to clarify whether BRM270 can inhibit the proliferation of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Endostatin + BRM270 showed anti-tumor effects by reducing tumor volume and increasing survival. Administration of BRM270 reduced the number of aldehyde dehydrogenase-positive (ALDH+) cells and the level of ALDH1A1 expression in tumors by increasing the level of miR-128 while decreasing the levels of BMI-1, ABCC-5, E2F3, and c-MET. The luciferase activity of miR-128 promoter was increased by an increasing concentration of BRM270. In addition, BMI-1, ABCC-5, E2F3, and c-MET were identified as candidate targets of miR-128, and the overexpression of miR-128 significantly reduced mRNA/protein levels of BMI-1, ABCC-5, E2F3, and c-MET in A549 and H460 cells. Administration of BRM270 inhibited the expression of BMI-1, ABCC-5, E2F3, and c-MET in a dose-dependent manner. In this study, we showed for the first time that the combined administration of endostatin and BRM270 achieved anti-tumor effects while suppressing the proliferation of stem cells., Graphical abstract, Wen and colleagues showed for the first time that the combined administration of endostatin and BRM270 achieved anti-tumor effects while suppressing the proliferation of cancer stem cells, resulting in a good prognosis for lung cancer.

In this paper, we propose three types of absolute continuity for monotone measures and present some of their basic properties. By means of these three types of absolute continuity, we establish generalized Egoroff's theorem, generalized Riesz's theorem and generalized Lebesgue's theorem in the framework involving the ordered pair of monotone measures. The Egoroff theorem, the Riesz theorem and the Lebesgue theorem in the traditional sense concerning a unique monotone measure are extended to the general case. These three generalized convergence theorems include as special cases several previous versions of Egoroff-like theorem, Riesz-like theorem and Lebesgue-like theorem for monotone measures, respectively.

We further investigate (M)-property, an important structure characteristic of monotone measures. Some necessary and/or sufficient conditions of (M)-property are shown and some characteristics of (M)-property are described. It is shown that the restriction of a monotone measure to an atom of its own possesses (M)-property on this atom. By means of the (M)-property we characterize the equivalence among the Choquet integral, the pan-integral, the concave integral, and the Shilkret integral on atoms of monotone measures and obtain some special results. We also show a necessary and sufficient condition for the concave integral and the pan-integral to coincide on atoms of monotone measures.

Recently, Wang et al. proposed the notion of a uni-nullnorm on a bounded lattice and provided two construction methods. In this paper, we point out that the first construction method is invalid since it does not always lead to a uni-nullnorm. Then we present a method to construct a uni-nullnorm on a bounded lattice via a disjunctive uninorm and a triangular norm. Making use of existing construction methods for uninorms on a bounded lattice, we derive several construction methods for uni-nullnorms, including the second construction method by Wang et al. Dually, we present a method to construct a null-uninorm on a bounded lattice via a conjunctive uninorm and a triangular conorm, as well as several derived construction methods for null-uninorms.

This paper investigates the relationship between two types of superdecomposition integrals, namely, the convex integral and the pan-integral from above, on finite spaces. To this end, we introduce two new concepts related to monotone measures — superadditivity with respect to singletons and minimal strictly subadditive set — and discuss some of their properties. In the case that the monotone measure μ is superadditive with respect to singletons, we show that these two types of integrals are equivalent. In other cases, by means of the characteristics of minimal strictly subadditive sets we provide a set of necessary and sufficient conditions for which these two types of integrals coincide with each other.

It is known that the decomposition integral I H and the superdecomposition integral I H related to the system H of all finite chains from A ⧹ { ∅ } , where A is a σ -algebra of the subsets of a nonvoid set X, coincide with each other for each monotone measure and for each nonnegative measurable function, and they are equal to the Choquet integral. In this note, we show that the converse is also true. That is, for a complete system H of finite set systems from A ⧹ { ∅ } , if I H = I H holds for each monotone measure and for each nonnegative measurable function, then the system H and the system of all finite chains from A ⧹ { ∅ } are equivalent in some sense and the integrals involved are the Choquet integral.

In this paper, via closure (resp. interior) operators on a bounded lattice L, we propose a rather effective method to construct uninorms on L with a given triangular norm T (resp. triangular conorm S) on the subinterval [ 0 , e ] (resp. [ e , 1 ] ) of L. Our method encompasses as special cases the construction methods introduced by F. Karacal and R. Mesiar (2015) [16] as well as by G.D. Cayli et al. (2016) [5] . We also exploit a pair of novel closure and interior operators on complete lattices and utilize this pair of operators to construct uninorms. Several interesting examples are included to illustrate our method.

Objective To reveal the risk factors, the symptom distribution characteristics, the clinical values of white blood cell counts (WBC counts), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) in hospitalized patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) combined with depression and/or anxiety. Methods The study included prospective cross-sectional and case-control studies, and was executed in the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China. Previously diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients who admitted to the hospital with AECOPD, patients with depression and/or anxiety, and healthy people were enrolled in the study. The Hamilton Rating Scales were used to assess all subjects, and the complete blood counts (CBC) were collected. Baseline data and clinical measurement data [spirometry, arterial blood gas analysis, and COPD evaluation test (the CAT scale)] from patients with AECOPD were collected. Results Of the 307 patients with AECOPD included, 63.5% (N=195) had depressive and/or anxiety symptoms, and 36.5% (N=112) had no symptoms. Sex, respiratory failure, number of comorbidities, number of acute exacerbations in the previous year and the CAT score were closely related to AECOPD combined with depression and/or anxiety (p

Purpose The development economics of large countries is a subject that studies how large developing countries evolve into developed countries through industrialization and structural transformation. By looking into the economic development of large developing countries in a systematic way, the purpose of this paper is to propose a logical system consisting of research objects, main issues, key principles and development strategies. Design/methodology/approach A large developing country refers to a country with a dual economic structure; it has a large population, vast territory and great market potential, but is low in labour productivity and per capita income. Findings The key issue of the large country’s economy is the issue of the size, while the key issue of the developing country’s economy is the issue of the economic structure. Therefore, the key issue of the economy of large developing courtiers lies in both the size and economic structure. Originality/value The endogenous capacity of a large country depends on the size of factors and the balance of supply and demand, while the comprehensive advantage of a large country depends on its diversified industrial structure and integration of factors. Based on the basic characteristics and key economic principles, large developing countries should seek endogenous, stable, coordinated and innovative development.

Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. (TTM), is a perennial herb from Liliaceae, that has been widely used as a traditional Chinese medicine treating cephalgia and traumatic hemorrhage. The present work was designed to investigate whether the total saponins from Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. (TSTT) would promote brain remodeling and improve gait impairment in the chronic phase of ischemic stroke. A focal ischemic model of male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats was established by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Six hours later, rats were intragastrically treated with TSTT (120, 60, and 30 mg/kg) and once daily up to day 30. The gait changes were assessed by the CatWalk-automated gait analysis system. The brain tissues injuries, cerebral perfusion and changes of axonal microstructures were detected by multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), followed by histological examinations. The axonal regeneration related signaling pathways including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3)/collapsin response mediator protein-2 (CRMP-2) were measured by western blotting. TSTT treatment significantly improved gait impairment of rats. MRI analysis revealed that TSTT alleviated tissues injuries, significantly improved cerebral blood flow (CBF), enhanced microstructural integrity of axon and myelin sheath in the ipsilesional sensorimotor cortex and internal capsule. In parallel to MRI findings, TSTT preserved myelinated axons and promoted oligodendrogenesis. Specifically, TSTT interventions markedly up-regulated expression of phosphorylated GSK-3, accompanied by increased expression of phosphorylated PI3K, AKT, but reduced phosphorylated CRMP-2 expression. Taken together, our results suggested that TSTT facilitated brain remodeling. This correlated with improving CBF, encouraging reorganization of axonal microstructure, promoting oligodendrogenesis and activating PI3K/AKT/GSK-3/CRMP-2 signaling, thereby improving poststroke gait impairments.

Background: In this study, we established a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) model by stimulating mice with cigarette smoke, and observed the effects of dendritic cells (DCs) overexpressing SOCS1 on Th17, Treg and other related cytokines in peripheral blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissues of COPD mice.Methods: After successfully transfecting DCs with overexpressing SOCS1 (DC-SOCS1), the mice were injected with DC-SOCS1 (1×106), DC-SOCS1 (2×106) and immature DCs (1×106) via tail vein on days 1 and 7 of COPD fumigation modeling. After day 28 of modeling, the peripheral blood, BALF and lung tissue samples were extracted from the mice, and the changes of DCs, Th17 and Treg cells and related cytokines were detected by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, HE staining, flow cytometry and ELISA.Results: The results showed that DC-SOCS1 was able to reduce the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors and increase the anti-inflammatory factors in the COPD mice, and the effect of high concentration (2×106 DC-SOCS1) was better than low concentration (1×106 DC-SOCS1). Moreover, the intervention effect was significant on day 1 compared with day 7. In the mice injected with DC-SOCS1, the expression of CD83, IL-4, Foxp3, and CCR6 was increased on day 1 than those on day 7, while IL-17 and IFN-γ was decreased.Conclusions: Intervention of COPD mice with high concentrations of DCs-SOCS1 reduced pro-inflammatory factor secretion and attenuated the inflammatory response in COPD.Trial registration: Not applicable.

This study aimed to validate the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Population Screener (COPD-PS) questionnaire as a screening tool in a cohort of Chinese subjects who underwent a health examination, and to summarise its overall performance through a meta-analysis. We enrolled 997 subjects aged ≥40 years who underwent a health examination, both lung function and COPD-PS data were collected. The screening performance of COPD-PS was evaluated with a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, using the area under the curve (AUC) to assess the screening accuracy. A standard diagnostic meta-analysis was used to summarise the screening performance of COPD-PS for COPD. Of the 997 subjects, 157 were identified as having COPD. The COPD-PS score was significantly higher in COPD patients than controls (5.03 ± 5.11 vs. 2.72 ± 1.80, p

A monotone measure μ is said to have dual (M)-property if for any A ⊂ B, there exists C with A ⊂ C ⊂ B such that μ ( C ) = μ ( A ) and μ ( B ) = μ ( C ) + μ ( B ∖ C ) . By using this concept, we study the relationship of the Choquet integral and the pan-integral from above. We prove that the Choquet integral coincides with the pan-integral from above if μ has dual (M)-property. When the underlying space is finite, we prove that the dual (M)-property is also necessary for the coincidence of these two integrals. Thus we provide a necessary and sufficient condition for the equivalence of the Choquet integral and the pan-integral from above on a finite space.

An ongoing challenge in trifluoromethylthiolation reactions is the use of less expensive and easily available trifluoromethylthio sources. Herein, we disclose an unprecedented usage of trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (Tf2 O) as a radical trifluoromethylthiolating reagent. Hydrotrifluoromethylthiolation of unactivated alkenes and alkynes with Tf2 O in the presence of PMePh2 and H2 O under visible-light photoredox catalysis gave the addition products. The trifluoromethylthio radical (. SCF3 ) was first formed from Tf2 O through a photoredox radical processes and deoxygenative reduction of PMePh2 , and H2 O serves as the H-atom donor for the hydrotrifluoromethylthiolation reaction. This reaction provides a new strategy for radical trifluoromethylthiolation.