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Additional file 1. Supplementary material. Supplementary Table 1. Summary of previous studies on Aβ, tau, and p-tau (detected in the plasma nEV) as biomarkers of AD. Supplementary Table 2. Quality control of the nEV protein. Supplementary Table 3. Baseline characteristics of all subjects with plasma Aβ levels by clinical diagnosis. Supplementary Table 4. Comparisons between participants with and without sMRI or scales data. Supplementary Table 5. Relationships between nEV Aβ42 and age, sex, group, and APOE ε4 status. Supplementary Table 6. Relationship between nEV Aβ42 and AV45 SUVR. Supplementary Table 7. Relationship between baseline nEV Aβ42 and cognitive scales. Supplementary Table 8. Relationship between baseline nEV Aβ42 and brain regional volume. Supplementary Figure 1. Typical TEM images of nEV. Supplementary Figure 2. Typical NTA results. Supplementary Figure 3. NTA results of enrolled subjects. Supplementary Figure 4. Western blot characterization of nEVs. Supplementary Figure 5. nEV Aβ concentrations in different diagnostic groups and the ROC curves. Supplementary Figure 6. Plasma Aβ concentrations in different diagnostic groups.Supplementary Figure 7. Association between nEV Aβ42 concentrations and MoCA-B scale. Supplementary Figure 8. Association between nEV Aβ42 concentrations and baseline brain regional volume. Supplementary Figure 9. Association between nEV Aβ42 concentrations and longitudinal changes in brain regional volume.

Additional file 1: Table S1. The 18F-PBR06 SUVR between PD and healthy controls. Table S2. Microglia activation in the subregions of putamen in PD and control. Figure S1. Associations between peripheral inflammation and brain microglia activation.