Search

To reduce the risk of traffic conflicts in merging area, driver's behavior pattern was analyzed to provide a theoretical basis for traffic control and conflict risk warning. The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was used to collect the videos in two different types of merging zones: freeway interchange and service area. A vehicle tracking detection model based on YOLOv5 (the fifth version of You Only Look Once) and Deep SORT was constructed to extract traffic flow, speed, vehicle type, and driving trajectory. Acceleration/deceleration distribution and vehicle lane-changing behavior were analyzed. The influence of different vehicle models on vehicle speed and lane-changing behavior was summarized. Based on this data, the mean and standard deviation of velocity, acceleration, and variable acceleration were selected as the characteristic variables for driving style clustering. To avoid redundant information between features, principal component dimensionality reduction was performed, and the dimensionality reduction data was used for K-means and K-means++ clustering to obtain three driving styles. The results show that there are obvious differences in the driving behaviors of vehicles in different types of merging areas, and the characteristics of different areas should be fully considered when conducting traffic conflict warnings., Author(s): Yan Li [1,2,3]; Han Zhang [2,3,4]; Qi Wang (corresponding author) [2,3]; Zijian Wang [1,3]; Xinpeng Yao [1,3] 1. Introduction With the increase of traffic flow, traffic pressure in the [...]

Rationale: MicroRNAs are known to influence the development of a variety of cancers. Previous studies revealed that miR-1291 has antiproliferative functions in cancer cells. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C (CPT1C) has a vital role in mitochondrial energy metabolism and modulation of cancer cell proliferation. Since both miR-1291 and CPT1C regulate tumor cell metabolism and cancer progression, we hypothesized that they might be regulated synergistically. Methods: A series of cell phenotype indicators, such as BrdU, colony formation, cell cycle, ATP production, ROS accumulation and cell ability to resist metabolic stress, were performed to clarify the effects of miR-1291 and ERRα expression on tumor cell proliferation and metabolism. A xenograft tumor model was used to evaluate cell tumorigenesis. Meta-analysis and bioinformatic prediction were applied in the search for the bridge-link between miR-1291 and CPT1C. RT-qPCR, western-blot and IHC analysis were used for the detection of mRNA and protein expression. Luciferase assays and ChIP assays were conducted for in-depth mechanism studies. Results: The expression of miR-1291 inhibited growth and tumorigenesis as a result of modulation of metabolism. CPT1C expression was indirectly and negatively correlated with miR-1291 levels. ESRRA was identified as a prominent differentially expressed gene in both breast and pancreatic cancer samples, and estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) was found to link miR-1291 and CPT1C. MiR-1291 targeted ERRα and CPT1C was identified as a newly described ERRα target gene. Moreover, ERRα was found to influence cancer cell metabolism and proliferation, consistent with the cellular changes caused by miR-1291. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the existence and mechanism of action of a novel miR-1291-ERRα-CPT1C cancer metabolism axis that may provide new insights and strategies for the development of miRNA-based therapies for malignant cancers.

The precise management of interface charge extraction and transport plays a decisive role in enhancing the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, a composite of CuS–MXene synthesized in situ by molecular self-assembly is efficiently employed as a hole extractor for all-inorganic CsPbBr3 PSCs. Theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that due to the spontaneous transfer of partial electrons in MXene functional groups to CuS, a p-type doping and a reduced charge localization of MXene are achieved to improve the interface energy level matching and boost hole extraction and transfer. Meanwhile, an interface bridge of CsPbBr3 → CuS → MXene for rapid hole transport and good interface contact is established because of the formation of the Pb–S bond between CsPbBr3 and CuS, which together with the electron donor groups of MXene further passivates the trap states on the perovskite surface to substantially minimize interfacial charge recombination. Finally, the encapsulation-free CsPbBr3 PSCs tailored with CuS–MXene achieve a champion power conversion efficiency of up to 10.51% and a long-term humidity or temperature tolerance with 90% or over efficiency retention rate in air for 30 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The carrier recombination loss induced by defects, imperfect contact and energy level barriers at the buried interface severely restricts the greater advancement of comprehensive performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, a versatile inorganic ammonium salt of diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAP) is exploited as a "double-sided tape" modifier to be deposited at the TiO2/perovskite buried interface, which not only passivates the surface defects of TiO2 and perovskite layers and simultaneously bridges the two films via the chemical reactions of hydrogen phosphate anions and ammonium cations in DAP with TiO2 and CsPbBr3 perovskite, respectively, but also ameliorates the interface contact and energy level alignment. Moreover, a higher quality perovskite film with fewer grain boundaries and defects is tightly formed on the DAP modified TiO2 layer arising from its lower wettability. Consequently, a substantially improved charge transport and extraction and minimized charge recombination are achieved in DAP tailored all-inorganic hole transport layer-free CsPbBr3 PSCs, yielding a power conversion efficiency as high as 10.31% with an impressive open-circuit voltage of 1.621 V, which is highly increased compared to 7.58% for the control device. Furthermore, the optimized device free of encapsulation exhibits a superior long-term stability after exposure to an air atmosphere at 85 °C with 85% RH over 720 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The passivation of defects at perovskite films, surfaces and the promotion of charge extraction across perovskite/carbon back interface are of vital importance to develop the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of carbon‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) free of hole‐transporting layers (HTLs). Herein, an electron donor material with polyamino groups, hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA), is used as an efficient surface modifier for tribrominated all‐inorganic perovskite films. The modification with HMTA not only eliminates the defects by forming a bond between N atoms and positively charged ions but also optimizes the energy level structure of the perovskite film and back interface contact. Therefore, CsPbBr3 films with decreased trap states, extended carrier lifetimes, and enhanced hole mobility are gained, which significantly restrains charge recombination and energy loss as well as facilitates charge extraction and transfer at the perovskite/carbon interface. Finally, an improvement of PCE from 6.75% to 10.08% is obtained for carbon‐based HTL‐free CsPbBr3 PSCs without and with HMTA modification, respectively. Furthermore, the HMTA‐modified device without encapsulation presents an enhanced long‐term moisture and heat stability after being stored in the atmospheric environment with 80% relative humidity (RH) at 25 °C and 20% RH at 85 °C, respectively, due to the reduced defects and the improved hydrophobicity of perovskite film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]