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An extensive body of literature shows how people deal with conflicts, verbally and nonverbally, in interpersonal interactions. However, the role of technologically-mediated communication (TMC) in romantic relational conflict has received less attention. Through the lenses of Relational Turbulence and Expectancy Violations Theories, this study explored how a chronemic expectancy violation from a romantic partner impacts emotional well-being in a TMC-involved conflict discussion. Two online questionnaires were distributed. First, a pilot study was conducted to understand the basic online communication dynamics between emerging adult romantic partners (e.g., usual response latency) and possible emotions when they experience a chronemic expectancy violation from their partner on TMC. Results show that people are likely to experience negative affect and other specific emotions (e.g., disillusion, loneliness, frustration, hurt, anger) if their partner takes longer than expected to respond. The main study then further explored how individuals' expectations differ in a hypothetical TMC-involved conflict scenario where they use text-based TMC to discuss a recent romantic conflict with their partners. Participants were instructed to imagine a chronemic expectancy violation whereby their partner does not respond within their expected time period (i.e., conflict expected latency) and report their feelings about it. Results show that people expect their partners to respond more rapidly in the conflict scenario than usual and report negative feelings after the expectancy violations. Conflict-specific (e.g., seriousness), personal (e.g., attachment anxiety and avoidance), and relational (e.g., commitment) variables also influence the intensity of their emotional experiences. This research enhances comprehension of nonverbal cues in text-based TMC and potential emotional repercussions in romantic conflict management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Romantic relationship dissolution and its aftermath have rarely been investigated through the lens of face threat. This research delves into the communication of relationship dissolution, and argues that rejectees' perceived face threat of dissolution language, when interacting with their self-concept clarity (attachment style and pre-dissolution commitment) can have an impact on their recovery length. I recruited 246 undergraduate participants who have experienced relationship dissolution as a rejectee and have recovered from the dissolution. Participants filled out a survey to assess their perceived face threat from rejectors' dissolution language, attachment styles, and pre-dissolution commitment. Model fit of perceived face threat measure was tested, and path analysis model was run. Results show that rejectees' perceived face threat of dissolution language and pre-dissolution commitment significantly lengthen their recovery period. Rejectees' attachment style does not have a direct impact on their recovery, but mediates through perceived face threat. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combination of phototherapy and chemotherapy has received extensive attention in the field of cancer therapy. Hence, graphene organic framework (GOF) with a large d-spacing was prepared by solvothermal method, and a novel nanocomposite based on bovine serum albumin (BSA) and the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) was developed, which effectively achieved a photothermal-chemotherapy synergistic treatment. When the feeding ratio was 1:1.6, the DOX loading capacity was 18.51%, and the GOF-BSA/DOX nanocomposite possessed unobvious pH response characteristic, as well as the cumulative release of DOX reached 54.17% at 42°C in the acidic environment (pH = 5.0). The nanocarriers also showed excellent photothermal property and photothermal stability in vitro. In addition, under 808 nm near-infrared laser (NIR) irradiation, the GOF-BSA/DOX nanocomposites generated a large amount of heat, which significantly enhanced the synergistic antitumor effect of in vitro photothermal-chemotherapy. Furthermore, the GOF-BSA/DOX nanocomposites exhibited significantly increased cytotoxicity in the NIR compared with chemotherapy or photothermal therapy alone, suggesting that the combination of chemotherapy and photothermal therapy has excellent antitumor capacity. Therefore, porous GOF nanocarriers may have great potential in combined anti-tumour therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the discussion on research on Chinese ritual impoliteness and rap battle competitions. Topics include opponents' facing by accusing the other of disobeying the Confucianist morality and teaching the opponent appropriate mannerism; and opponent engaged with the central theme of peace and love in rap battles connecting the novice's hypocrisy for taking the fake identity as a rasta singer.

Micro/nanochannels are considered as a promising method to enhance heat transfer due to the large ratio of surface area to the volume. To clarify the optimization direction of micro/nanochannel walls, the convective heat transfer of nanochannels under different surface coupling characteristics are explored with molecular dynamics. Specifically, the effects of solid-liquid interaction, wall atomic vibration property, rough morphology and their interactions on heat transfer and hydrodynamic characteristics of nanochannels are investigated based on orthogonal test method. The results show that the solid-liquid interaction and vibration frequency of wall atoms are the two most important factors affecting Nusselt number and comprehensive performance coefficient. Strengthening the vibrational coupling between wall atoms and liquid atoms is critical for promoting heat transfer. Unlike this, the two most significant factors influencing friction factor are solid-liquid interaction and rough morphology. The increase in static structure factor of liquid leads to an increase in its microstructural orderliness, which is the fundamental reason for the decrease of slip length and subsequently leads to an increase in the friction factor. Taking into account the heat transfer and flow resistance characteristics, the optimal combination of wall surface characteristics composed of the solid-liquid interaction, vibration frequency of wall atoms and roughness factor has been selected, which can achieve the best overall heat transfer performance of nanochannels. [Display omitted] • Some mechanisms that occur in nanochannel convective heat transfer are revealed. • Effect of surface characteristics coupling on flow and heat transfer is explored. • The priority order of influencing factors is determined by orthogonal test method. • Optimal combination of surface characteristics for nanochannel wall is proposed. • The optimal combination provides a reference for structural optimization design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The multiple diagnosis and treatment mechanisms of chemotherapy combined with photothermal/photodynamic therapy have very large application prospects in the field of cancer treatment. Therefore, in order to achieve effective and safe antitumour treatment, it is necessary to design an intelligent responsive polymer nanoplatform as a drug delivery system. Herein, the thermosensitive poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) nanogel particles were prepared by soap-free emulsion polymerization and loaded with a large amount of photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) and anticarcinogen 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu), which effectively to realize the cooperative chemotherapy and photothermal/photodynamic therapy for tumours. The 5-Fu@ICG-PNIPAM nanogels significantly improved the bioavailability of the drug and achieved controlled release. In addition, under near-infrared laser (NIR) irradiation at 808 nm, 5-Fu@ICG-PNIPAM nanogels generated lots of heat and reactive oxygen, which significantly enhanced cellular uptake and in vitro antitumour treatment effects. The results showed that 5-Fu@ICG-PNIPAM nanogels were effectively endocytosed by HeLa cells, which also enhanced the drug's entrance into the nucleus. Moreover, compared with alone chemotherapy or photothermal/photodynamic therapy, 5-Fu@ICG-PNIPAM nanogels significantly increased cytotoxicity under NIR irradiation, suggesting that chemotherapy and photothermal/photodynamic synergistic therapy had excellent antitumour properties. Therefore, this temperature-responsive nanogel platform probably has great application prospects in clinical antitumour treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Influence mechanism of solid–liquid interaction is revealed via molecular dynamics. • The relationship between Nusselt number and temperature jump length is determined. • The relationship between fRe and normalized slip length is proposed. • Solid-liquid interaction improves overall heat transfer within a certain range. • The present work provides a new insight for the effect of solid–liquid interaction. Nanochannel cooling technology is widely used in the heat dissipation systems of various micro/nanoscale electronic devices or components. The consideration of resistance loss and the optimization of heat dissipation are of great significance for the widespread application of nanochannel cooling technology. A model of convective heat transfer in nanochannel with constant wall temperature is established with molecular dynamics method. The effects of solid–liquid interaction on flow and heat transfer characteristics are investigated. The microscopic mechanisms of the solid–liquid interaction influencing heat transfer performance and flow resistance of nanochannel are explored from the atomic level. The results show that the enhancement of the solid–liquid interaction leads to the increases of the coupling degree of vibration frequency between wall and liquid atoms and the orderliness of microstructure of first fluid layer, and finally facilitates heat transfer between nanochannel wall and liquid. The Nusselt number in nanochannel is not a constant and decays exponentially with the increase of temperature jump length. Meanwhile, as the solid–liquid interaction increases, the slip length decreases and the friction factor increases, which are attributed to the augment of the static structure factor, resulting in more fluid atoms in near-wall region are firmly locked by the wall. The friction factor in nanochannel not only depends on the Reynolds number, but also is closely related to the slip length. To further evaluate overall heat transfer performance of the nanochannel that considers flow resistance, the comprehensive performance coefficient is discussed. It's found that the solid–liquid interaction is effective in improving the overall heat transfer performance of the nanochannel within a certain range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Flow resistance of convective heat transfer in rough nanochannel is probed. • Weak wall-fluid interaction is conducive to drag reduction but not to heat transfer. • Smaller free shear ratio is beneficial for heat transfer and drag reduction jointly. • Optimum heat transfer performance is achieved at shear free ratio of 0.1875. As an efficient cooling method, the convective heat transfer in nanochannel has been widely utilized in thermal management of various energy systems. However, the effects of surface roughness on velocity slip and flow resistance in nanochannel are still unclear. The effects of rough morphology and wall-fluid interaction on the flow and thermal characteristics in rectangular nanochannel are probed with molecular dynamics method. The results show that nanostructure morphology and wall-fluid interaction induce distinct variations in temperature jump and velocity slip, which further determine the heat and momentum exchange between the channel wall and fluid. Specifically, rough morphology is responsible for the augments of heat transfer and flow resistance, which is derived from limitation on the motion of fluid atoms by the nanostructure grooves in channel. In comparison, the strong wall-fluid interaction brings about the improvement of heat transfer and the increase of flow resistance, which owes to the adsorption enhancement. As the nanostructure free shear ratio increases from 0.1875 to 0.75, the flow resistance increases and heat transfer performance weakens. Yet, the combination of rough morphology and wall-fluid interaction is significant for overall heat transfer performance. The overall heat transfer performance in rough channel with the weak wall-fluid interaction is superior. The Nusselt number in rough channel only decreases by 1.78% while the resistance coefficient reduces by 27.1%. The optimal overall performance is achieved in rough channel with the nanostructure free shear ratio of 0.1875. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Nanoscale convective heat transfer considering flow resistance is investigated. • Combing weak wall-fluid interaction with roughness helps synthesis performance. • Smaller morphology period outperforms other periods in rough nanochannel. • Dense rough morphology is beneficial for heat transfer and drag reduction jointly. Convective heat transfer of hot fluid flowing through a cold parallel plate nanochannel with constant wall temperature is investigated with molecular dynamics. The effects of surface properties including rough morphology and wall-fluid interaction on the heat transfer and flow characteristics are probed. Different surface wettability characterized by the strong and weak wall-fluid interaction as well as five rough morphologies corresponding to various nanostructure morphology periods, are considered. It is noteworthy that the rough morphology and wall-fluid interaction are key parameters for affecting the flow and heat transfer characteristics. The results show that flow resistance and Nusselt number decrease with the increase of rough morphology period as well as the decrease of wall-fluid interaction. Under the same wall-fluid interaction, the best heat transfer enhancement in rough channel is obtained at the morphology period of 12 Å, while a minimum flow resistance in rough channel is obtained at the morphology period of 48 Å. Another novelty finding is that the combination of surface rough morphology and weak wall-fluid interaction will bring a favorable impact on the heat transfer enhancement and drag reduction. Under the weak wall-fluid interaction, the synthesis performance coefficient corresponding to the rough morphology period of 12 Å is highest among all considered rough morphologies, which indicates that the rough morphology with morphology period of 12 Å is optimal to reduce the flow resistance and improve heat transfer performance jointly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the molecular dynamics principle, the convective heat transfer of the fluid through nanochannel with various rough nanostructure morphologies is investigated. The influences of nanostructure free shear ratio, morphology period and nanostructure depth on the flow and heat transfer characteristics are probed. A comprehensive evaluation on the convective heat transfer in rough nanochannel considering the flow resistance is performed. The result shows that the temperature jump and velocity slip dominate the heat and momentum exchange between the channel wall and fluid. Under the weak wall-fluid interaction, the smaller the nanostructure free shear ratio, the better the heat transfer performance as well as drag reduction characteristic. In contrast, the smaller the nanostructure morphology period, the better the heat transfer performance, the greater the flow resistance. Therefore, the wall rough morphology with small free shear ratio and sparse nanostructures is conducive to heat transfer augmentation and drag reduction jointly. The deeper rough nanostructure groove is unfavorable to reduce the flow resistance. The combination of rough nanostructure morphology and weak wall-fluid interaction is crucial, which will bring about a favorable impact on the heat transfer and flow resistance in nanochannel. Specifically, the nanostructure free shear ratio with ϕ a = 0.1875 is a favorable rough morphology to obtain optimum heat transfer and drag reduction characteristics in nanochannel. • A comprehensive evaluation about nanoscale convective heat transfer is discussed. • Nanoscale heat transfer and flow drag are affected by rough nanostructure morphology. • Rough channel with weak wall-fluid interaction is beneficial to drag reduction. • Small shear free ratio is beneficial for heat transfer and drag reduction jointly. • ϕ a = 0.1875 is an optimum rough morphology for convective heat transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schematic diagram for the preparation of GGH@AuNRs/MB formed by Gellan Gum, Ca2+, gold nanorods (AuNRs) and methylene blue (MB) for combined treatment of PTT and PDT. Herein, we innovatively encapsulated AuNRs and MB into the Gellan Gum hydrogel (GGH) via a simple cooling gelatigenous method to construct a multifunctional hydrogel including synergistic cancer phototherapy. Currently, the main therapeutic method for cancer is still surgical resection. But tumors are difficult to be completely removed, leading to the recurrence of tumors and serious threat to human health. Thus, it is urgent to find appropriate methods for removing residual cancer. Herein, a multifunctional hydrogel is designed for photothermal therapy (PTT) combined with photodynamic therapy (PDT). Gold nanorods (AuNRs) and methylene blue (MB) were used as the PTT and PDT agents, respectively, and were loaded in hydrogels formed by Gellan Gum. Multiple advantages of this platform include (a) excellent photothermal and photodynamic properties, (b) satisfactory syringeability, (c) controllable mechanical properties and superior stability, (d) good cytocompatibility, (e) prevention of the rapid loss of nanomaterials and (f) good inhibition effect of cancer cells. Consequently, the multifunctional hydrogel has satisfying biocompatibility and high cancer cell ablation efficiency, showing tremendous potential in synergistic anticancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of solid wall properties on the convective heat transfer characteristic in a three-dimensional nanochannel is probed with molecular dynamics simulation. The interfacial velocity slip and temperature jump are treated as the function of the interatomic interaction, the atomic mass and thickness, respectively. The result shows that the wall properties, including interatomic interaction among wall atoms, atomic mass, as well as coating thickness based on certain interatomic interaction and atomic mass, will lead to significant changes in the temperature jump. These effects are caused by the variations of coupling degree of solid-liquid vibration frequency induced by the mismatch between solid wall and fluid atoms. Furthermore, temperature jump is also related to the solid-liquid interaction while the velocity slip is only related to the solid-liquid interaction. It's found that both the decrease of interatomic interaction and the increase of atomic mass can further enhance the heat transfer. That is, the interatomic interaction among wall atoms is closer to that among fluid atoms, the atomic mass of wall atoms is much greater than that of the fluid atoms, and the convective heat transfer in the channel is better. However, the variation of Nusselt number with coating thickness is notably, which exhibits a peak value in the hydrophilic and hydrophobic cases. It's indicated that vibrational density of states (VDOS) corresponding to a selected coating wall properties (including interatomic interaction, atomic mass and thickness) lies in between the VDOS of the channel wall atoms and that of fluid atoms, can play a role of thermal bridge between wall and fluid atoms and lead to a remarkable increase of heat transfer. Based on the selected solid wall properties, a reasonable selection of wall-fluid interaction can effectively increase velocity slip and achieve drag reduction. • The variations of wall properties lead to significant changes in temperature jump. • Temperature jump is affected by coupling degree of wall-fluid vibration frequency. • Convective heat transfer varies notably with interatomic interaction and thickness. • A selected coating wall will enhance the heat transfer performance. • Wall properties and wall-fluid interaction are important for heat transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The flow of argon liquid in an asymmetric nanochannel with smooth and rough wall is investigated by molecular dynamics method. Considering the relationships of related factors which include characteristic dimensions, the number and the dense arrangement pattern of nanostructure, the effects of surface topography on fluid flow and interface slip are probed. The results show that the variation of the surface topography height has a significant influence on the fluid flow and interface slip. However, the effect of the variation of topography width is greatly related to the number and dense arrangement pattern of nanostructure. Surface topography causes an increase in interfacial resistance and more reduction in velocity slip at the rough wall, which even results in the forming of sticky boundary condition. The effect of non-uniform interface wettability of rough wall on the flow behavior and slip at the solid–liquid interface is investigated as well. The results show that the influence of non-uniform interface wettability on the flow in the hydrophobic channel is more obvious than that in the hydrophilic channel. Hydrophobic substrate with hydrophobic nanostructures has a smaller interfacial hydrodynamic resistance than that with hydrophilic nanostructures, which makes the average velocity and velocity slip become greater. Obviously, non-uniform interfacial wettability strengthens the effect of surface topography on the fluid flow and interface slip. It is possible to achieve effective velocity slip and obtain drag reduction by applying the non-uniform wettability of nanostructures under the same surface topography. • The characteristic dimensions of nanostructure are normalized. • The effect of surface topography on fluid flow and slip is obtained. • The impact of non-uniform interface wettability on the slip is probed. • Non-uniform interface wettability strengthens the effect of surface topography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multidrug resistance is highly associated with poor prognosis of chronic myeloid leukemia. This work aims to explore whether the laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy (LTRS) could be practical in separating adriamycin-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia cells K562/adriamycin from its parental cells K562, and to explore the potential mechanisms. Detection of LTRS initially reflected the spectral differences caused by chemoresistance including bands assigned to carbohydrates, amino acid, protein, lipids, and nucleic acid. In addition, principal components analysis as well as the classification and regression trees algorithms showed that the specificity and sensitivity were above 90%. Moreover, the band data-based classification and regression tree model and receiver operating characteristic curve further determined some important bands and band intensity ratios to be reliable indexes in discriminating K562 chemoresistance status. Finally, we highlighted three metabolism pathways correlated with chemoresistance. This work demonstrates that the label-free LTRS analysis combined with multivariate statistical analyses have great potential to be a novel analytical strategy at the single-cell level for rapid evaluation of the chemoresistance status of K562 cells. Graphical Abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The ceiling equilibrium wall-temperature is much lower than the combustion products. • The probability of pre-ignition occur is the highest nearby the open end of the tube. • The equilibrium temperature decrease along the tube when the divergent nozzle is utilized. • Wrapping flame at the open end will not be prevented if the convergent nozzle is utilized. • The convergent-divergent nozzle will reduce the wall-temperature near the open end. As the increase of wall-temperature during the long-duration operation, pre-ignition of the fresh mixture in the filling process often occur in the detonation tube, resulting in the failure of operation. An experimental work has been conducted to investigate the impact of nozzle on the wall-temperature of the detonation tube. In the present study, kerosene and oxygen enriched air were employed in the experiments, and an internally grooved semi-circle spiral, instead of traditional Shchelkin spiral was utilized to facilitate the deflagration to detonation transition (DDT) process. The theoretical results showed that the temperature of fresh mixture increase along the detonation tube during the filling process, and it is likely to be ignited near the open end. It was observed from the experimental results that the convergent section and the divergent section of the exit nozzle has different influence on the wall-temperature. The convergent nozzle will not prevent the wrapping flame near the open end of the detonation tube, and lead to the increase of equilibrium wall-temperature. The nozzle with a diverging section will eliminate the occurrence of wrapping flame during the operation, and the wall temperature near the open end are dramatically decreased. In addition, smaller expansion ratio of the nozzle will lead to lower equilibrium wall-temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mn-DA exhibited magnetic resonance property and the ability of free radical generation to kill cancer cells. To further improve the theranostic properties, Mn2+ was selected and loaded into Mn-DA to obtain Mn@Mn-DA. It showed better theranostic effect in vitro, providing a simple method to build effective systems for anti-cancer. [Display omitted] A Mn-based metal-organic framework Mn-DA was synthesized from MnCl 2 and organic azo ligand H 4 DA, and it was characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, PXRD, FT-IR and TGA. The materials containing Mn2+ displayed magnetic resonance property and the ability of chemodynamic therapy. Then Mn2+ was selected and loaded into Mn-DA, which was called Mn@Mn-DA, to further improve the theranostic properties. Comparing with Mn-DA, Mn@Mn-DA exhibited more than twice of the relaxation rate and better chemodynamic therapy effect. Mn-based metal-organic framework Mn-DA showed ideal T1-weighted magnetic resonance property and chemodynamic therapy. In addition, the successful fabrication of Mn@Mn-DA provided a simple strategy to construct more effective systems for theranostic application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The antioxidant synergistic effects of Osmanthus fragrans flowers with green tea were evaluated, and their major antioxidant compounds contributed to the total amount of synergy were determined. The antioxidant compounds in O. fragrans flowers with green tea were identified by LC-MS and quantified by UPLC-PDA. The synergistic antioxidant interactions between O. fragrans flowers with green tea and their antioxidant compounds were tested using the Prieto's model after the simulated digestion. The main antioxidant compounds in O. fragrans flowers were acteoside and salideroside, whereas the main antioxidant compounds in green tea were caffeine, gallic acid, and L-epicatechin. The significant synergistic effect between O. fragrans flowers and green tea was observed and among nearly all of the combinations of their antioxidant compounds. Among the combinations, acteoside and gallic acid contributed most to the antioxidant synergy between O. fragrans flowers and green tea. However, the simulated digestion decreased this antioxidant synergy because it reduced the contents and the antioxidant capacities of their compounds, as well as the antioxidant synergy among the compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]