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Yizhou Tang,1 Bolu Chen,1 Wuding Hong,1 Ling Chen,1,2 Liyang Yao,1 Yu Zhao,1 Zoraida P Aguilar,3 Hengyi Xu1 1State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, People’s Republic of China; 2The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, People’s Republic of China; 3Zystein, LLC., Fayetteville, AR 72704, USACorrespondence: Hengyi XuState Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-791-8830-4447 ext 9520Fax +86-791-8830-4400Email kidyxu@163.comPurpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the adverse effects of ZnO NPs on male reproductive system and explore the possible mechanism.Methods: In this study, the effect of oral administration of 50, 150 and 450 mg/kg zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in adult male mice was studied over a 14-day period.Results: The results showed that the number of sperms in the epididymis and the concentration of testosterone in serum were decreased with an increased dose of ZnO NPs. Testicular histopathological lesions like detachment, atrophy and vacuolization of germ cells were observed. The results showed that increased dosage of ZnO NPs correspondingly up-regulated the IRE1α, XBP1s, BIP, and CHOP (P

The pseudo-two-dimensional (P2D) model is the most widely used electrochemical model for lithium-ion batteries. Because of the complexity and the difficulty in using the complete P2D model, many simplified P2D models, such as the single particle model (SP model) and the parabolic profile approximation model (PP model), have been proposed. However, the using of the SP model can cause a large amount of precision to lose in its simplified process, while the PP model has a high complexity. In this paper, we propose a liquid phase simplification P2D (LSP2D) model. The using of the LSP2D model has a small precision loss and a relatively low complexity. The LSP2D model is based on the electrochemical average kinetics of the lithium ion battery. We first simplify the terminal voltage into an equation containing only the solid phase concentration cs and the liquid phase concentration ce. Then we use the partial differential equation to represent the solid phase concentration cs and the liquid phase concentration ce, and then obtain a final model. The simulation environment is based on COMSOL, and the simulation results show that when the discharge rate is 1C, the estimation accuracy and speed from the LSP2D model are similar to those from the SP model. But when the discharge rate is 3C, the estimation time from the LSP2D model is reduced by 99.73% compared with that from the P2D model, and the estimation accuracy is greatly improved compared with the estimation accuracy from the SP model.