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Aim: To explore the trend of burden and care quality of chronic kidney disease due to type 2 diabetes mellitus (CKD‐T2DM) and their cross‐country inequalities from 1990 to 2021. Materials and Methods: Data were from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study. Disease burden and care quality were quantified using the disability‐adjusted life years rate and the quality‐of‐care index (QCI). Trend analyses of the age‐standardized disability‐adjusted life years rate (ASDR) and age‐standardized QCI from 1990 to 2021 were conducted using the estimated annual percentage change. The associations of disease burden and care quality with the socio‐demographic index (SDI) were explored. Cross‐country inequalities in disease burden and care quality were assessed using the slope index of inequality (SII) and concentration index. Results: From 1990 to 2021, the global ASDR for CKD‐T2DM increased, while the age‐standardized QCI slightly decreased, with an estimated annual percentage change of 0.81 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.75, 0.87] and −0.08 (95% CI: −0.09, −0.07). The ASDR escalated with increasing SDI, reaching a peak at mid‐level SDI, followed by a decrease. The age‐standardized QCI was higher with increasing SDI. Globally, ASDR concentrated on countries/territories with a lower SDI. The SII of ASDR was −96.64 (95% CI: −136.94, −56.35) in 1990 and −118.15 (95% CI: −166.36, −69.94) in 2021, with a concentration index of −0.1298 (95% CI: −0.1904, −0.0692) in 1990 and −0.1104 (95% CI: −0.1819, −0.0389) in 2021. In 1990 and 2021, countries/territories at higher SDI levels exhibited increased age‐standardized QCI, indicated by an SII of 15.09 (95% CI: 10.74, 19.45) and 15.75 (95% CI: 10.92, 20.59), and a concentration index of 0.0393 (95% CI: 0.0283, 0.0503) and 0.0400 (95% CI: 0.0264, 0.0536). Conclusions: Our study highlights considerable disparities in the burden and care quality of CKD‐T2DM. Regions experiencing an increasing burden and a declining care quality simultaneously underscore the need for further research and tailored health interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the primary causes of significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study aimed to explore the cross-country inequalities by age, sex, and region in COPD's burden and care quality from 1990 to 2021., Methods: We obtained data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021. Using age-standardised disability-adjusted life years rate (ASDR) per 100 000 population and quality of care index (QCI), we quantified the COPD burden and care quality, respectively. Applying the principal component analysis method, we calculated QCI scores, ranging from 0 to 100, where higher values indicate better care quality. We quantified temporal trends from 1990 to 2021 for ASDR and QCI by estimated annual percentage change (EAPC). Finally, we assessed the absolute and relative disparities in ASDR and QCI across countries using the slope index of inequality (SII) and concentration index., Results: Between 1990 and 2021, there was a notable decline in ASDR of COPD globally (1990 = 1492.64; 2021 = 940.66; EAPC = -1.71), accompanied by an increase in QCI (1990 = 58.42; 2021 = 73.86; EAPC = 0.89). Regions with middle sociodemographic index (SDI) consistently demonstrated the highest ASDR and the lowest QCI in 1990 (ASDR = 2332.91; QCI = 31.70), whereas by 2021, low-middle SDI regions exhibited similar trends (ASDR = 1707.90; QCI = 57.50). In 2021, the highest ASDR was among individuals aged 95 years and above (16251.22), while the lowest QCI was among people aged 70-74 years (72.18). Papua New Guinea recorded the highest ASDR and the lowest QCI in 2021 (ASDR = 3004.36; QCI = 19.18). Compared to 1990, where the SII for ASDR was -612.44 and for QCI was 21.78, with concentration indices of -0.14 for ASDR and 0.11 for QCI, the absolute values of both SII and concentration index were smaller in 2021, with ASDR's SII at -555.90, QCI's at 16.72, ASDR's concentration index at -0.13, and QCI's at 0.04., Conclusions: The global burden of COPD decreases and care quality increases over time, with notable variations across ages, sexes and SDI regions. Countries with lower SDI had disproportionately higher burden and poorer care quality for COPD., Competing Interests: Disclosure of interest: The authors completed the ICMJE Disclosure of Interest Form (available upon request from the corresponding author) and disclose no relevant interests., (Copyright © 2024 by the Journal of Global Health. All rights reserved.)