10 results on '"Yanta JH"'
Search Results
2. Intrathecal bupivacaine and morphine toxicity leading to transient hypotension and delayed status epilepticus.
- Author
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Sidlak AM, Yanta JH, and Lynch MJ
- Subjects
- Analgesics, Opioid, Anesthetics, Local, Bupivacaine, Humans, Morphine, Hypotension, Status Epilepticus
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Intrathecal bupivacaine and morphine toxicity leading to transient hypotension and delayed status epilepticus.
- Author
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Sidlak AM, Yanta JH, and Lynch MJ
- Subjects
- Aged, Analgesics, Opioid administration & dosage, Analgesics, Opioid adverse effects, Anesthesia, Spinal adverse effects, Anesthetics, Local administration & dosage, Anesthetics, Local adverse effects, Barbiturates therapeutic use, Benzodiazepines therapeutic use, Bupivacaine administration & dosage, Fat Emulsions, Intravenous, Female, Humans, Hypotension drug therapy, Injections, Spinal, Morphine administration & dosage, Status Epilepticus drug therapy, Bupivacaine adverse effects, Hypotension chemically induced, Morphine adverse effects, Status Epilepticus chemically induced
- Abstract
Background: Local anesthetic systemic toxicity characteristically occurs after inadvertent intravascular injection of local anesthetics; however, it is unclear if similar symptoms arise after intrathecal adminstration. Intrathecal use of local anesthetics for chronic pain is increasing and carries a potential risk of toxicity. Experience with the presenting symptoms and appropriate treatment for intrathecal local anesthetic toxicity is limited., Case Study: A 74-year-old woman with an intrathecal bupivacaine/morphine pump developed lower extremity sensory neuropathy followed by obtundation, hypotension, and lower extremity flaccidity after an intrathecal pump refill. Her condition evolved to status epilepticus (SE) refractory to standard treatment. Intravenous fat emulsion (IFE) was administered, but was not immediately effective thus necessitating phenobarbital loading and propofol infusion. Despite significant bupivacaine neurotoxicity, no cardiotoxicity developed., Discussion: The patient developed intrathecal local anesthetic and opioid toxicity after a malfunction of her intrathecal pump during a refill. We hypothesize that no cardiotoxicity developed secondary to sequestration of bupivacaine within the central nervous system. Likewise, poor CNS penetration of intravenous lipid emulsion may have negated or delayed any antidotal effect., Conclusion: We present a case of intrathecal toxicity leading to prolonged spinal anesthesia, progressive encephalopathy, and SE refractory to intravenous lipid emulsion. Management of SE with benzodiazepines and barbiturates may be more effective than lipids in cases of toxicity from intrathecal administration of bupivacaine., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Neurotoxic envenomation by the South African coral snake (Aspidelaps lubricus): A case report.
- Author
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Barton DJ, Shao S, Marino RT, Reichmeider A, Yanta JH, and Pizon AF
- Subjects
- Adult, Animals, Humans, Male, Snake Bites therapy, Coral Snakes, Snake Bites pathology
- Abstract
The South African coral snake (Aspidelaps lubricus, Elapidae) has not previously been reported to cause any neurotoxic envenomations in humans. We recently treated a 44-year-old man who was bitten twice, once in each hand, by a captive South African coral snake (Aspidelaps lubricus) while feeding the female snake who had recently laid eggs. Approximately one hour after receiving the bite, he developed vomiting, respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation, and paralysis of the bulbar and upper extremity muscles, with retention of voluntary motor control in the lower extremities. Supportive care was provided, and paralysis and respiratory failure resolved spontaneously 12 hours after onset. No antivenom for this species is available. To our knowledge, this is the first published case report of significant human envenomation by Aspidelaps lubricus. Physicians, first responders, and herpetologists should be aware of the potential for neurotoxicity in humans., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Bicarbonate refractory QRS prolongation and left bundle-branch block following escitalopram and lamotrigine overdose: A case report and literature review of toxic left bundle-branch block.
- Author
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Farkas AN, Marcott M, Yanta JH, and Pizon AF
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Humans, Arrhythmias, Cardiac chemically induced, Bicarbonates adverse effects, Bundle-Branch Block chemically induced, Citalopram adverse effects, Electrocardiography drug effects, Lamotrigine adverse effects
- Abstract
What Is Known and Objective: Toxic prolongation of the QRS interval most often results from blockade of cardiac voltage-gated sodium channels and manifests on electrocardiogram with a right bundle-branch block-like morphology. Rarely, a left bundle-branch block (LBBB) morphology has been reported., Case Report: We report a case of transient LBBB resultant from ingestion of lamotrigine and citalopram which was refractory to sodium bicarbonate therapy and eventually resolved spontaneously., What Is New and Conclusion: Cases of toxic LBBB are less likely to respond to bicarbonate therapy, suggesting that this finding is due to a mechanism other than sodium channel blockade., (© 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Adjunct Ketamine Use in the Management of Severe Ethanol Withdrawal.
- Author
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Pizon AF, Lynch MJ, Benedict NJ, Yanta JH, Frisch A, Menke NB, Swartzentruber GS, King AM, Abesamis MG, and Kane-Gill SL
- Subjects
- Academic Medical Centers, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Benzodiazepines administration & dosage, Drug Therapy, Combination, Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists administration & dosage, Female, Humans, Hypnotics and Sedatives therapeutic use, Intensive Care Units, Ketamine administration & dosage, Length of Stay, Liver Function Tests, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Severity of Illness Index, Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium drug therapy, Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists therapeutic use, Ketamine therapeutic use
- Abstract
Objectives: Ketamine offers a plausible mechanism with favorable kinetics in treatment of severe ethanol withdrawal. The purpose of this study is to determine if a treatment guideline using an adjunctive ketamine infusion improves outcomes in patients suffering from severe ethanol withdrawal., Design: Retrospective observational cohort study., Setting: Academic tertiary care hospital., Patients: Patients admitted to the ICU and diagnosed with delirium tremens by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders V criteria., Interventions: Pre and post guideline, all patients were treated in a symptom-triggered fashion with benzodiazepines and/or phenobarbital. Postguideline, standard symptom-triggered dosing continued as preguideline, plus, the patient was initiated on an IV ketamine infusion at 0.15-0.3 mg/kg/hr continuously until delirium resolved. Based upon withdrawal severity and degree of agitation, a ketamine bolus (0.3 mg/kg) was provided prior to continuous infusion in some patients., Measurements and Main Results: A total of 63 patients were included (29 preguideline; 34 postguideline). Patients treated with ketamine were less likely to be intubated (odds ratio, 0.14; p < 0.01; 95% CI, 0.04-0.49) and had a decreased ICU stay by 2.83 days (95% CI, -5.58 to -0.089; p = 0.043). For ICU days outcome, correlation coefficients were significant for alcohol level and total benzodiazepine dosing. For hospital days outcome, correlation coefficients were significant for patient age, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase level. Regression revealed the use of ketamine was associated with a nonsignificant decrease in hospital stay by 3.66 days (95% CI, -8.40 to 1.08; p = 0.13)., Conclusions: Mechanistically, adjunctive therapy with ketamine may attenuate the demonstrated neuroexcitatory contribution of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor stimulation in severe ethanol withdrawal, reduce the need for excessive gamma-aminobutyric acid agonist mediated-sedation, and limit associated morbidity. A ketamine infusion in patients with delirium tremens was associated with reduced gamma-aminobutyric acid agonist requirements, shorter ICU length of stay, lower likelihood of intubation, and a trend toward a shorter hospitalization.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Fatal cobalt toxicity after total hip arthroplasty revision for fractured ceramic components.
- Author
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Fox KA, Phillips TM, Yanta JH, and Abesamis MG
- Subjects
- Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip instrumentation, Ceramics chemistry, Chromium Alloys chemistry, Fatal Outcome, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Prosthesis Failure adverse effects, Reoperation, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip adverse effects, Chromium Alloys toxicity, Cobalt toxicity, Hip Prosthesis adverse effects
- Abstract
Context: Post-arthroplasty metallosis, which refers to metallic corrosion and deposition of metallic debris in the periprosthetic soft tissues of the body, is an uncommon complication. Systemic cobalt toxicity post-arthroplasty is extremely rare. The few known fatal cases of cobalt toxicity appear to be a result of replacing shattered ceramic heads with metal-on-metal or metal-on-polyethylene implants. Friction between residual shards of ceramic and cobalt-chromium implants allows release of cobalt into the synovial fluid and bloodstream, resulting in elevated whole blood cobalt levels and potential toxicity., Case Details: This is a single patient chart review of a 60-year-old woman with prior ceramic-on-ceramic right total hip arthroplasty complicated by fractured ceramic components and metallosis of the joint. She underwent synovectomy and revision to a metal-on-polyethylene articulation. Ten months post-revision, she presented to the emergency department (ED) with right hip pain, dyspnea, worsening hearing loss, metallic dysgeusia, and weight loss. Chest CTA revealed bilateral pulmonary emboli (PE), and echocardiogram revealed new cardiomyopathy with global left ventricular hypokinesis with an ejection fraction (EF) of 35-40% inconsistent with heart strain from PE. Whole blood cobalt level obtained two days into her admission was 424.3 mcg/L and 24-h urine cobalt level was 4830.5 mcg/L. Although the patient initially clinically improved with regard to her PE and was discharged to home on hospital day 5, she returned 10 days later with a right hip dislocation and underwent closed reduction of the hip. The patient subsequently decompensated, developing cardiogenic shock, and respiratory failure. She went into pulseless electrical activity (PEA) and expired. Autopsy revealed an extensive metallic effusion surrounding the right hip prosthesis that tested positive for cobalt (41,000 mcg/L). There was also cobalt in the heart muscle tissue (2.5 mcg/g). A whole blood cobalt level obtained two days before she expired was 641.6 mcg/L., Discussion: This is a case of fatal cobalt-induced cardiomyopathy in a patient whose ceramic components of a total hip arthroplasty fractured causing metallosis with worsening cobalt toxicity. We recommend that when a fractured device is revised with a prosthesis with cobalt-chromium components, whole blood and urine cobalt measurements should be obtained and periodically monitored to evaluate for rising concentrations. Providers should be aware of clinical signs and symptoms of cobalt toxicity in patients who have prostheses with cobalt-chromium components. If suspected, toxicology and orthopedics should be involved for possible chelation and removal of the prosthesis.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome: Improving Outcomes Through Early Identification And Aggressive Treatment Strategies.
- Author
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Yanta JH, Swartzentruber GS, and Pizon AF
- Subjects
- Alcoholism complications, Alcoholism psychology, Early Diagnosis, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome psychology, Alcoholism therapy, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome diagnosis, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome therapy
- Abstract
Alcoholism is a prevalent medical and psychiatric disease, and, consequently, alcohol withdrawal is encountered frequently in the emergency department. This issue reviews the pathophysiology of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome, describes the 4 manifestations of alcohol withdrawal, and looks at the available evidence for optimal treatment of alcohol withdrawal in its diverse presentations. Patients commonly manifest hyperadrenergic signs and symptoms, necessitating admission to the intensive care unit, intravenous benzodiazepines, and, frequently, adjunctive pharmacotherapy. An aggressive front-loading approach with benzodiazepines is proposed and the management of benzodiazepine-resistant disease is addressed.
- Published
- 2015
9. Methemoglobinemia as a complication of topical dapsone.
- Author
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Swartzentruber GS, Yanta JH, and Pizon AF
- Subjects
- Administration, Topical, Female, Humans, Young Adult, Dapsone adverse effects, Methemoglobinemia chemically induced
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. TagA is a secreted protease of Vibrio cholerae that specifically cleaves mucin glycoproteins.
- Author
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Szabady RL, Yanta JH, Halladin DK, Schofield MJ, and Welch RA
- Subjects
- Bacterial Adhesion, Bacterial Proteins genetics, Cell Line, DNA-Binding Proteins metabolism, Escherichia coli enzymology, Escherichia coli Proteins metabolism, Gene Deletion, Humans, Metalloendopeptidases genetics, Polysaccharide-Lyases genetics, Polysaccharide-Lyases metabolism, Saliva chemistry, Transcription Factors metabolism, Vibrio cholerae enzymology, Bacterial Proteins metabolism, Metalloendopeptidases metabolism, Mucins metabolism, Vibrio cholerae genetics
- Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is a human diarrhoeal pathogen that is a major cause of gastrointestinal disease and death worldwide. Pathogenic V. cholerae strains are characterized by the presence of a Vibrio pathogenicity island (VPI) that encodes virulence factors, including the toxin co-regulated pilus (TCP). TagA is encoded within the VPI and is positively co-regulated with cholera toxin and TCP. TagA is a sequelogue of the StcE mucinase of Escherichia coli O157 : H7. We investigated whether this sequence homology reflected a conserved enzymic substrate profile. TagA exhibited metalloprotease activity toward crude purified mucins, salivary mucin and LS174T goblet cell surface mucin. Like StcE, TagA did not cleave general protease substrates, but unlike StcE, TagA did not cleave the mucin-like serpin C1 esterase inhibitor. Both proteins cleaved the immune cell surface mucin CD43, but TagA demonstrated reduced enzymic efficiency relative to StcE. TagA was expressed and secreted by V. cholerae under ToxR-dependent conditions. A tagA-deficient V. cholerae strain showed no defect in a model of in vitro attachment to the HEp-2 cell line; however, overexpression of a proteolytically inactive mutant, TagA(E433D), caused a significant increase in attachment. The increased attachment was reduced by pretreatment of epithelial monolayers with active TagA. Our results indicate that TagA is a mucinase and suggest that TagA may directly modify host cell surface molecules during V. cholerae infection.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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