Search

Based on a new type of isolated structure, this paper studies the seismic response of the structure under single mainshock and mainshock-aftershock sequences. The new structure developed from the base-isolated structure and the inter-storey isolated structure. To compare its seismic performance with a fixed-base structure, a new staggered storey isolated structure model is developed using ETABS software. The results indicate that during both single mainshock and mainshock-aftershock sequences, the maximum inter-storey displacement of the staggered storey isolated structure is concentrated in the isolated layer, while the stress damage of the core tube mainly occurs between the upper and lower isolated layers. Under mainshock-aftershock sequences, the displacement of the isolated layer is larger than that under the single mainshock, and the distribution of plastic hinges of the frame is greater than that under the single mainshock, compared with the single mainshock sequences, the stress distribution of the core tube and the inter-story displacement of the structure increase by 19.80% anc23%% respectively. Consequently, the damage to the structure under mainshock-aftershock sequences is more severe. The hysteresis curve of the upper isolated layer bearings is more pronounced and demonstrates better energy absorption than that of the lower isolated layer bearings. Overall, the staggered storey isolated structure exhibits better seismic performance than the fixed-base structure. The isolated effectiveness and energy dissipation of the new staggered storey isolated structure improve when the upper isolated layer is lowered.

Abstract Background Lumbar degenerative conditions are a major cause of back pain and disability in individuals aged 45 and above. Gait analysis utilizes sensor technology to collect movement data, aiding in the evaluation of various gait aspects like spatiotemporal parameters, joint angles, neuromuscular activity, and joint forces. It is widely used in conditions such as cerebral palsy and knee osteoarthritis. This research aims to assess the effectiveness of 3D gait analysis in evaluating surgical outcomes and postoperative rehabilitation for lumbar degenerative disorders. Methods A prospective self-controlled before-after study (n = 85) carried out at our Hospital (Sep 2018 - Dec 2021) utilized a 3D motion analysis system to analyze gait in patients with lumbar degenerative diseases. The study focused on the multifidus muscle, a crucial spinal muscle, during a minimally invasive lumbar interbody fusion surgery conducted by Shandong Weigao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Pre- and postoperative assessments included time-distance parameters (gait speed, stride frequency, stride length, stance phase), hip flexion angle, and stride angle. Changes in 3D gait parameters post-surgery and during rehabilitation were examined. Pearson correlation coefficient was employed to assess relationships with the visual analog pain scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scores. Patient sagittal alignment was evaluated using “Surgimap” software from two types of lateral radiographs to obtain parameters like pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), lumbar lordosis (LL), intervertebral space height (DH), posterior height of the intervertebral space (PDH) at the operative segment, and anterior height of the intervertebral space (ADH). Results By the 6th week post-operation, significant improvements were observed in the VAS score, JOA score, and ODI score of the patients compared to preoperative values (P

Abstract Photocatalytic coupling of methane to ethane and ethylene (C2 compounds) offers a promising approach to utilizing the abundant methane resource. However, the state-of-the-art photocatalysts usually suffer from very limited C2 formation rates. Here, we report our discovery that the anatase TiO2 nanocrystals mainly exposing {101} facets, which are generally considered less active in photocatalysis, demonstrate surprisingly better performances than those exposing the high-energy {001} facet. The palladium co-catalyst plays a pivotal role and the Pd2+ site on co-catalyst accounts for the selective C2 formation. We unveil that the anatase {101} facet favors the formation of hydroxyl radicals in aqueous phase near the surface, where they activate methane molecules into methyl radicals, and the Pd2+ site participates in facilitating the adsorption and coupling of methyl radicals. This work provides a strategy to design efficient nanocatalysts for selective photocatalytic methane coupling by reaction-space separation to optimize heterogeneous-homogeneous reactions at solid-liquid interfaces.

Abstract Identification of active sites in catalytic materials is important and helps establish approaches to the precise design of catalysts for achieving high reactivity. Generally, active sites of conventional heterogeneous catalysts can be single atom, nanoparticle or a metal/oxide interface. Herein, we report that metal/oxide reverse interfaces can also be active sites which are created from the coordinated migration of metal and oxide atoms. As an example, a Pd1/CeO2 single-atom catalyst prepared via atom trapping, which is otherwise inactive at 30 °C, is able to completely oxidize formaldehyde after steam treatment. The enhanced reactivity is due to the formation of a Ce2O3-Pd nanoparticle domain interface, which is generated by the migration of both Ce and Pd atoms on the atom-trapped Pd1/CeO2 catalyst during steam treatment. We show that the generation of metal oxide-metal interfaces can be achieved in other heterogeneous catalysts due to the coordinated mobility of metal and oxide atoms, demonstrating the formation of a new active interface when using metal single-atom material as catalyst precursor.

To address the limitations in the prediction accuracy of the remaining useful life (RUL) of lithium-ion batteries, stemming from model accuracy, particle degradation, and insufficient diversity in the particle filter (PF) algorithm, this paper proposes a battery RUL prediction method utilizing a randomly perturbed unscented particle filter (RP-UPF) algorithm, based on the constructed battery capacity degradation model. The method utilizes evaluation metrics adjusted R-squared (Radj2) and the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) to select the battery capacity decline model C5 with a higher goodness of fit. The initial values for constructing the C5 model are obtained using the relevance vector machine (RVM) and nonlinear least squares methods. Based on the constructed battery capacity decline model C5, the RP-UPF algorithm is employed to estimate the posterior parameters and iteratively approach the true battery capacity decline curve, thereby predicting the battery’s RUL. The research results indicate that, using battery B0005 as an example and starting the prediction from the 50th cycle, the RUL prediction results obtained with the RP-UPF algorithm demonstrate reductions in absolute error, relative error, and probability density function (PDF) width of 2%, 2.71%, and 10%, respectively, compared to the PF algorithm. Similar conclusions were drawn for batteries B0006 and B0018. Under the constructed battery capacity degradation model C5, the RP-UPF algorithm shows higher prediction accuracy for battery RUL and a narrower PDF range compared to the PF algorithm. This approach effectively addresses the issue of particle weight degradation in the PF algorithm, providing a more valuable reference for battery RUL prediction.

The accurate estimation of the State of Health (SOH) of lithium-ion batteries is essential for ensuring their safe and reliable operation, as direct measurement is not feasible. This paper presents a novel SOH estimation method that integrates Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) with an Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) to improve prediction accuracy. Health Indicators (HIs) are first extracted from the battery’s charging curve, and correlation analysis is conducted on seven indirect HIs using Pearson and Spearman coefficients. To reduce dimensionality and eliminate redundancy, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is applied, with the principal component contributing over 94% used as a fusion HI to represent battery capacity degradation. PSO is then employed to optimize the weights (ε) between the input and hidden layers, as well as the hidden layer bias (u) in the ELM, treating these parameters as particles in the PSO framework. This optimization enhances the ELM’s performance, addressing instability issues in the standard algorithm. The proposed PSO-ELM model demonstrates superior accuracy in SOH prediction compared with ELM and other methods. Experimental results show that the mean absolute error (MAE) is 0.0034, the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) is 0.467%, and the root mean square error (RMSE) is 0.0043, providing a valuable reference for battery safety and reliability assessments.

Purpose: The patient safety of iodine contrast-enhanced pulmonary artery CT angiography (CTPA) is widely concerned. This study aimed to investigate the image quality and immediate patient safety of spectral CTPA using a lower-contrast dose pre-dual-flow injection method. Methods: This retrospective study included 120 patients with suspected pulmonary embolisms who received spectral CTPA between February and December 2022. Patients were divided into normal contrast injection (Group A, n=60) and pre-dual-flow group (Group B, n=60). CT values of pulmonary arteries (PAs) at different levels, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), arteriovenous separation performance, and beam hardening artifact (BHA) index of two sets of images were measured or calculated. The subjective image quality and immediate patient safety were also scored using the three-point method. Results: Group B had a contrast dose reduction by 42.5 % (60 vs. 34.5 mL). Radiation exposure dose was not statistically different between the two groups (P>0.05). CT values of different-level PAs on group B images were higher than those on group A images (P

This paper aims to assess the latest 1 km-grid Analysis Real Time (ART_1 km) precipitation product developed by the National Meteorological Information Center of China Meteorological Administration (CMA), which can provide great support for disaster weather monitoring and warning, intelligent grid forecasting and weather services. Observed precipitation data from the independent stations (including non-uploaded regional meteorological stations and hydrometric stations) that were not integrated into the ART_1 km precipitation product as well as precipitation classification inspection are used to assess the quality of this product during twenty disastrous rainstorm cases from May to August during 2019-2022 in Guangdong. The results show that the ART_1 km precipitation product successfully reproduces the precipitation location, strength, and trends in these cases, with the best performance in the Pearl River Delta, the east of eastern Guangdong, and the north of northern Guangdong. The stronger the precipitation, the greater the correlation as well as the root mean square error (RMSE) and mean error (ME) between the ART_1 km precipitation and the observed precipitation. When the hourly precipitation is not classified, about 60% of these independent stations present a correlation efficient ≥ 0.8, more than 90% of the stations present an RMSE within the range of [1.0, 5.0) mm, and more than 60% of the stations present a ME within ±0.1 mm. When the hourly precipitation is < 5 mm, most of the stations have a correlation efficient < 0.5, an RMSE within the range of [1.0, 5.0) mm, and a ME within [0.0, 0.5] mm. When the hourly precipitation is ≥ 20 mm, 42%~56% of the stations have a correlation efficient ≥ 0.5, and most of the stations have an RMSE ≥ 10 mm and a ME < 0 mm, even when the hourly precipitation is ≥ 50 mm, most of the stations have a ME < -10 mm. Overall, ART_1 km precipitation is usually underestimated at the independent stations, and integrating observations from more sites into producing ART_1 km precipitation is helpful to improve the quality of the products.

Abstract As for improving the heat diversion capacity of the hot side heat sink of the thermoelectric cooler (TEC), thereby improving the operational performance of the TEC, this study designed a type of double‐embedded flat heat pipe (EFHP) finned heat sink and compared with a standard aluminum (Al) heat sink. In experimental studies, TEC under two heat sinks were placed under different operating currents for heat transfer analysis and performance comparison. The experimental results demonstrated that the EFHP heat sink had better heat diversion ability, effectively improving the operational performance of TEC. When the TEC was input with a current of 6A, the thermal resistance of the double EFHP finned heat sink decreased by 19% compared to the Al heat sink; cooling capacity and coefficient of performance increased by 8.3% and 9.46%, respectively. Further, TEC's cold and hot surface temperatures decreased by 10.83% and 10.2%, respectively, and the heat uniformity of the heat sink improved. In addition, the CFD software Icepak was used to analyze the effects of double flat heat pipe spacing and length on the heat sink and TEC and the performance of two heat sinks and TEC under different heat dissipation conditions and obtained good agreement. This study can provide further guidance and assistance in designing the TEC cooling system.

This paper takes the dual-motor pure electric mining dump truck as the research object and designs a dual-motor rear-drive torque optimization allocation strategy in view of the problems such as the large load variation of the dump truck and the facts that the motor output torque cannot accurately express the driver’s dynamic intention and that the overall output efficiency of the dual motor is low. The strategy first divides the demand torque of the whole vehicle into two parts, the base torque and the compensation torque, which are determined by the accelerator pedal opening and the motor speed, and the compensation torque is fuzzy-controlled by taking the vehicle speed, the rate of change of the accelerator pedal opening, and the state of the battery charge as inputs. Subsequently, the dual-motor drive torque allocation is optimized using a particle swarm algorithm, with the objective of minimizing power loss in the dual motors. Furthermore, the energy-saving effect of the torque optimization allocation strategy proposed in this paper is compared with that of the traditional torque average allocation strategy under three working conditions: the driving conditions of Chinese dump trucks, the unloaded uphill movement of mining dump trucks, and the fully loaded downhill movement of mining dump trucks. The results show that the average efficiency of the dual-motor drive using the torque optimization allocation strategy is improved by 2.32%, 4.23%, and 2.24%, respectively, and battery energy savings are improved by 0.5%, 0.47%, and 0.24%, respectively.

Abstract This study reported the isolation and identification of bioactive compounds from Dioscorea nipponica Makino, a plant used in traditional medicine for various ailments. Nine compounds were isolated, including a new compound named as diosniposide E, which was elucidated by analyzing its 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT, COSY, HMBC and MS data and comparing them with data available in literature. The other eight compounds were identified as known compounds. Theoretical calculations of energy and the generation of a molecular electrostatic potential surface map were employed to assess the antioxidant capacity of nine compounds, the calculation results exhibited that compounds 5 and 6 had strong antioxidant capacities. To further evaluate the antioxidant activities of the investigated compounds, the DPPH and ABTS assays were conducted. The results from the DPPH scavenging activity test revealed that compounds 4–6 exhibited enhanced scavenging activities compared to L-ascorbic acid, while displaying similar efficacy to trolox. Moreover, the ABTS scavenging activities of compounds 4–6 were found to surpass those of L-ascorbic acid and trolox. In terms of α-glucosidase inhibition, compounds 3 and 4 displayed remarkable inhibitory activities that surpassed the effects of acarbose. Additionally, compound 2 exhibited potent anticholinesterase activities, outperforming donepezil. This research provides insights into the potential bioactive compounds present in Dioscorea nipponica Makino and may contribute to its use in traditional medicine.

In Guangxi, Hainan, and Fujian Province in southern China, β-thalassemia is a frequent monogenic hereditary disorder that is primarily defined by hemolytic anemia brought on by inefficient erythropoiesis. It has been found that ineffective erythropoiesis in β-thalassemia is closely associated with a high accumulation of Reactive oxygen species, a product of oxidative stress, in erythroid cells. During recent years, ferroptosis is an iron-dependent lipid peroxidation that involves abnormalities in lipid and iron metabolism as well as reactive oxygen species homeostasis. It is a recently identified kind of programmed cell death. β-thalassemia patients experience increased iron release from reticuloendothelial cells and intestinal absorption of iron, ultimately resulting in iron overload. Additionally, the secretion of Hepcidin is inhibited in these patients. What counts is both ineffective erythropoiesis and ferroptosis in β-thalassemia are intricately linked to the iron metabolism and Reactive oxygen species homeostasis. Consequently, to shed further light on the pathophysiology of β-thalassemia and propose fresh ideas for its therapy, this paper reviews ferroptosis, ineffective erythropoiesis, and the way they interact.

The development of the efficient catalyst in the direct H2O2 synthesis (DHS) from H2 and O2 remains a formidable challenge. Here, the authors develop a two-step approach to prepare a layer of Pd oxide on PdSn nanowires which displays superior reactivity in the DHS at zero Celcius.

This paper is concerned with the existence and multiplicity of monotone positive solutions for a class of nonlinear fractional differential equation with a disturbance parameter in the integral boundary conditions on the infinite interval. By using Guo–Krasnosel’skii fixed-point theorem and the analytic technique, we divide the range of parameter for the existence of at least two, one and no positive solutions for the problem. In the end, an example is given to illustrate our main results.

Due to the material properties of single-crystal silicon, it is difficult to achieve high-efficiency processing in conventional turning. Fast tool servo (FTS) turning has emerged as a favorable technology for processing brittle materials. This paper investigates the tool radius, feed speed, and cutting depth effects on the maximum undeformed chip thickness (MUCT). A high-frequency low-coupling FTS system is designed for processing experiments. Effects of the tool rake angle, tool radius, cutting speed, and vibration frequency on the critical undeformed chip thickness (CUCT) are explored in this paper. Experimental results indicate FTS technology can increase the CUCT from 80 nm to 580 nm. Surface and subsurface morphology tests of conventional and FTS single-crystal silicon cutting verify that FTS technology can obtain an optical surface roughness of 5 nm and lower subsurface damage. Moreover, FTS turning can reduce tool wear. Lastly, through Raman spectroscopy analysis, the amorphous phase remaining on the machined surface is lower when FTS turning is employed.

The inter-story isolated structure is an effective and feasible structure seismic technology and system, but most studies on inter-story isolated structures only consider the mainshock. A strong mainshock is usually accompanied by multiple aftershocks, the structure will be damaged under the action of the mainshock. Because of the short time interval between the main shock and the aftershocks, the structure is often not repaired in time, so it will be further damaged under the action of the aftershock. Therefore, it is meaningful to study the fragility of inter-story isolated structures under the action of main-aftershock sequences. In this study, the incremental dynamic analysis method was used, and the inter-story isolated structure of a frame shear wall was established. The vulnerability curves of each substructure under the action of a single mainshock and main-aftershock sequence were compared. A series structure system was used to calculate the overall vulnerability of the inter-story isolated structure. The vulnerability curves of different isolation layer setting positions and isolation bearing stiffness under the action of a single mainshock and main-aftershock were compared, and the collapse margin ratio (CMR) of the structure given. The results show that aftershocks increase the exceedance probability of each substructure, and with an increase in the limit state, the influence of aftershocks is more obvious. An appropriate isolation layer design reduces the influence of aftershocks and the exceedance probability of the entire structure.

Achieving CO oxidation at room temperature is significant for gas purification but remains challenging to perform. Here, the authors report design of graphene-isolated Pt from cobalt-nickel nanoparticles for efficiently catalytic CO oxidation in an oxygen-rich atmosphere.

Abstract Background Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a neuropathic pain that occurs in branches of the trigeminal nerve. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been considered key mediators of neuropathic pain. This study was aimed to elucidate the pathophysiological function and mechanisms of miR‐223‐3p in mouse models of TN. Methods Infraorbital nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI‐ION) was applied in male C57BL/6J mice to establish mouse models of TN. Pain responses were assessed utilizing Von Frey method. The expression of miR‐223‐3p, MKNK2, and MAPK/ERK pathway protein in trigeminal ganglions (TGs) of CCI‐ION mice was measured using RT‐qPCR and Western blotting. The concentrations of inflammatory cytokines were evaluated using Western blotting. The relationship between miR‐223‐3p and MKNK2 was tested by a luciferase reporter assay. Results We found that miR‐223‐3p was downregulated, while MKNK2 was upregulated in TGs of CCI‐ION mice. MiR‐223‐3p overexpression by an intracerebroventricular injection of Lv‐miR‐223‐3p attenuated trigeminal neuropathic pain in CCI‐ION mice, as well as reduced the protein levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in TGs of CCI‐ION mice. MKNK2 was verified to be targeted by miR‐223‐3p. Additionally, miR‐223‐3p overexpression decreased the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 protein in TGs of CCI‐ION mice to inhibit MAPK/ERK signaling. Conclusions Overall, miR‐223‐3p attenuates the development of TN by targeting MKNK2 to suppress MAPK/ERK signaling.

Abstract Background Percutaneous vertebroplasty is the most common treatment for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture. However, the morbidity of vertebroplasty-related complications, such as cement leakage, remains high. We tested a new technique of unilateral pulsed jet lavage and investigated its effect on the intravertebral pressure and bone cement distribution. Methods Thirty lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5) from six cadaver spines were randomly allocated into two groups (with and without irrigation). Prior to vertebroplasty, pulsed jet lavage was performed through one side of the pedicle by using a novel cannula with two concentric conduits to remove the fat and bone marrow of the vertebral bodies in the group with irrigation. The control group was not irrigated. Then, standardized vertebroplasty was performed in the vertebral bodies in both groups. Changes in the intravertebral pressure during injection were recorded. Computed tomography (CT) was performed to observe the cement distribution and extravasations, and the cement mass volume (CMV) was calculated. Results During cement injection, the average maximum intravertebral pressure of the unirrigated group was higher than that of the irrigated group (4.92 kPa versus 2.22 kPa, P < 0.05). CT scans showed a more homogeneous cement distribution with less CMV (3832 mm3 vs. 4344 mm3, P < 0.05) and less leakage rate (6.7% vs. 46.7%, P < 0.05) in the irrigated group than in the control group. Conclusions Unilateral pulsed jet lavage can reduce intravertebral pressure and lower the incidence of cement leakage during vertebroplasty. An enhanced bone cement distribution can also be achieved through this lavage system.

In this paper, the elastoplastic damage constitutive model of concrete is established based on the damage energy release rate to analyze the failure of concrete structures. Based on the user-defined material program VUMAT interface provided by the ABAQUS, the explicit algorithm is used to secondary develop the concrete model. The model is verified from mechanical behavior, mesh-dependence, and stress state under reciprocating loading. The results show that the model can reasonably simulate the mechanical state of concrete under compression and tension and can effectively solve the mesh-dependence problem in finite element problems. The simulation results were still consistent when the mesh size was 2.5 mm. The low cycle reciprocating simulation test of the concrete column also proves that the model has better hysteretic and bidirectional coupling performance. It is verified that the VUMAT material subroutine can meet the analysis requirements of reinforced concrete structures and can be used to simulate the dynamic response of structures with strong nonlinear stages.

Recent studies have identified the critical role of microbiota in the pathophysiology of autoimmune liver diseases (AILDs), including autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Metagenomic studies reveal significant decrease of gut bacterial diversity in AILDs. Although profiles of metagenomic vary widely, Veillonella is commonly enriched in AIH, PBC, and PSC. Apart from gut microbiome, the oral and bile microbiome seem to be associated with these diseases as well. The functional analysis of metagenomics suggests that metabolic pathways changed in the gut microbiome of the patients. Microbial metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and microbial bile acid metabolites, have been shown to modulate innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and inflammation. Taken together, the evidence of host–microbiome interactions and in-depth mechanistic studies needs further accumulation, which will offer more possibilities to clarify the mechanisms of AILDs and provide potential molecular targets for the prevention and treatment in the future.

Lightweight origami structure has received increasing attention in the past years. This paper presents a new origami-inspired honeycomb sandwich plate, taking inspiration from two emerging sandwich structures reported in literatures. The purpose of this work was to investigate the influence of structural parameters on the impact response and demonstrate the outperformance of this novel sandwich structure. The low-velocity impact response of the origami-inspired honeycomb sandwich was investigated experimentally and numerically. And the numerical prediction closely matched the experimental results in terms of contact-force histories and permanent deformations of sandwich plates. The influence of structural parameters on the energy absorption characteristics has been analyzed by using the improved finite element model. Finally, the results of comparisons showed that origami-inspired honeycomb exceeded traditional honeycomb in energy absorption characteristics.

Abstract Background Although supramalleolar osteotomy is the main joint-preserving method for the treatment of varus ankle osteoarthritis, it tends to be ineffective when ankle osteoarthritis presents in combination with an excessive talar tilt angle. The purpose of this study was to present a new surgical technique, supramalleolar osteotomy combined with lateral ligament reconstruction and talofibular immobilization, for the treatment of varus ankle osteoarthritis with an excessive talus tilt angle and to evaluate the clinical and radiological results. Methods From January 2013 to October 2016, a total of 17 patients with 17 cases of varus ankle arthritis with excessive talar tilt angles (larger than 7.3°) underwent surgical treatment using our new technique. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) clinical ankle-hindfoot scale and a visual analogue scale (VAS) were used to evaluate ankle function and pain before surgery and at the last follow-up. The medial distal tibial angle (MDTA), anterior distal tibial angle (ADTA), talar tilt angle (TTA), and hindfoot moment arm values (HMAVs) were evaluated on weight-bearing radiographs acquired preoperatively and at the last follow-up. Results The AOFAS score improved significantly from 45.8 ± 2.1 before surgery to 84.8 ± 1.8 after surgery (p < 0.001), and the VAS score decreased from 4.9 ± 0.4 to 1.1 ± 0.2 (p < 0.001). The MDTA, TTA, and HMAV changed from 80.9° ± 0.4° to 90.1° ± 0.4°, 11.7° ± 0.6° to 1.4° ± 0.3°, and 12.6 mm ± 0.8 mm to 4.2 mm ± 0.6 mm, respectively (each p < 0.001). The ADTA showed no obvious change (p = 0.370). The staging of 11 cases (65%) improved. Intramuscular vein thrombosis of the lower limbs occurred in 1 patient 1 week after surgery, and superficial infection occurred in 1 patient. Conclusions Supramalleolar osteotomy combined with lateral ligament reconstruction and talofibular immobilization can correct the load of the weight-bearing ankle and effectively improve the ankle function. As the talar tilt angle can be significantly improved after surgery, this technique can be used for the treatment of varus ankle osteoarthritis with an excessive TTA.

In order to improve the estimation accuracy of the state of charge (SOC) of lithium iron phosphate power batteries for vehicles, this paper studies the prominent hysteresis phenomenon in the relationship between the state of charge and the open circuit voltage (OCV) curve of the lithium iron phosphate battery. Through the hysteresis characteristic test of the battery, the corresponding SOC-OCV data when the battery is charged or discharged from different SOC states are analyzed. According to the approximation trend of the hysteresis main loop curve by the data points, a differential equation model for approximately solving the charge or discharge hysteresis small loop curve under any SOC state is established, and the adjustment parameters of the model are analyzed and debugged in sections. Then, based on the second-order Thevenin equivalent circuit model, the forgetting factor recursive least squares method is used to identify the model parameters online. When deriving the relationship between the OCV and SOC, according to the state of charge and discharge and the current SOC value, the approximate model of the real hysteresis small loop curve in the current state is solved in real time, and the extended Kalman recursion algorithm is substituted to correct the corresponding relationship between the OCV and SOC. Finally, the integrated forgetting factor recursive least squares online parameter identification and extended Kalman filter to correct the SOC-OCV hysteresis relationship in real time considering the hysteresis characteristics are used to complete the real-time estimation of the SOC of the lithium iron phosphate battery. The synthesis algorithm proposed in this paper and the Kalman filter algorithm without considering the hysteresis characteristics are compared and verified under the Dynamic Stress Test (DST) data. Based on the method proposed in this paper, the maximum error of terminal voltage is 0.86%, the average error of terminal voltage is 0.021%, the root mean square error (RMSE) of terminal voltage is 0.042%, the maximum error of SOC estimation is 1.22%, the average error of SOC estimation is 0.41%, the average error of SOC estimation is 0.41%, and the RMSE of SOC estimation is 0.57%. The results show that the comprehensive algorithm proposed in this paper has higher accuracy in both terminal voltage following and SOC estimation.

In order to meet the safety requirements of automobile braking, to improve the braking energy recovery rate of pure electric buses and increase their driving range, the maximum regenerative braking force that the motor can provide is used to determine the front and rear wheel friction braking force distribution curve. A parallel regenerative braking control strategy, A, is proposed to make full use of the motor performance. Aiming at the problems of low power density and short cycle life with a single power battery, a composite energy system composed of power batteries and supercapacitors is designed, and an alternative energy control strategy, D, using real-time wavelet transform control is proposed. The required power is decomposed into high-frequency components and low-frequency components by using the wavelet transform control, in which the high-frequency power is borne by the supercapacitor to avoid impact on the power battery. The simulation model was created using MATLAB/Simulink software, and the simulation was carried out under combined cycle conditions to verify the effectiveness of the control strategy. The simulation results showed that compared with the original vehicle control strategy, adopting the A regenerative braking control strategy can reduce the battery SOC drop by 5.15%, increase the relative increase by 47.9%, and improve the braking energy recovery rate. Compared with the traditional logic threshold regenerative braking control strategy, AC, the AD control strategy can effectively reduce the impact of the peak current and high-frequency demands of the power battery on the battery. The maximum output current of the battery was reduced by 39.5%. The decrease in battery SOC decreased by 0.69%, and the relative increase increased by 12.43%. The driving range and braking performance of the vehicle have thus been effectively improved.

The gut–liver axis has been increasingly recognized as a major autoimmunity modulator. However, the implications of intestinal barrier in the pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) remain elusive. Here, we investigated the functional role of gut barrier and intestinal microbiota for hepatic innate immune response in AIH patients and murine models. In this study, we found that AIH patients displayed increased intestinal permeability and pronounced RIP3 activation of liver macrophages. In mice models, intestinal barrier dysfunction increased intestinal bacterial translocation, thus amplifying the hepatic RIP3-mediated innate immune response. Furthermore, GSK872 dampened RIP3 activation and ameliorated the activation and accumulation of liver macrophages in vitro and in vivo experiments. Strikingly, broad-spectrum antibiotic ablation significantly alleviated RIP3 activation and liver injury, highlighting the causal role of intestinal microbiota for disease progression. Our results provided a potentially novel mechanism of immune tolerance breakage in the liver via the gut-liver axis. In addition, we also explored the therapeutic and research potentials of regulating the intestinal microbiota for the therapy of AIH.

Scientifically and accurately predicting the state of health (SOH) and remaining useful life (RUL) of batteries is the key technology of automotive battery management systems. The selection of the health indicator (HI) that characterizes battery aging affects the accuracy of the prediction model construction, which in turn affects the accuracy of SOH and RUL estimation. Therefore, this paper analyzes the current status of HI selection for lithium-ion batteries by systematically reviewing the existing literature on the selection of HIs. According to the relationship between HI and battery aging, battery HI can be divided into two categories: direct HI and indirect HI. The capacity and internal resistance of the battery can directly represent the aging degree of the battery and are the direct HIs of the battery. Indirect HIs refer to characteristic parameters extracted from battery charge and discharge data that can characterize the degree of battery aging. This paper analyzes and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of various HIs and indirect HIs commonly used in current research, providing useful support and reference for future researchers in selecting HIs to characterize battery aging. Finally, in view of the capacity regeneration phenomenon in the aging process of the battery, the selection direction of future HI is proposed.

Developing an efficient catalytic system using molecular oxygen as the oxidant for rhodium-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative coupling remains highly desirable. Herein, rhodium-catalyzed oxidative annulation of 2- or 7-phenyl-1H-indoles with alkenes or alkynes to assemble valuable 6H-isoindolo[2,1-a]indoles, pyrrolo[3,2,1-de]phenanthridines, or indolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines using the atmospheric pressure of air as the sole oxidant enabled by quaternary ammonium salt has been accomplished. Mechanistic studies provided evidence for the fast intramolecular aza-Michael reaction and aerobic reoxidation of Rh(I)/Rh(III), facilitated by the addition of quaternary ammonium salt.

In order to improve the estimation accuracy of the battery state of charge (SOC) based on the equivalent circuit model, a lithium-ion battery SOC estimation method based on adaptive forgetting factor least squares and unscented Kalman filtering is proposed. The Thevenin equivalent circuit model of the battery is established. Through the simulated annealing optimization algorithm, the forgetting factor is adaptively changed in real-time according to the model demand, and the SOC estimation is realized by combining the least-squares online identification of the adaptive forgetting factor and the unscented Kalman filter. The results show that the terminal voltage error identified by the adaptive forgetting factor least-squares online identification is extremely small; that is, the model parameter identification accuracy is high, and the joint algorithm with the unscented Kalman filter can also achieve a high-precision estimation of SOC.

The electric vehicle has become an important development direction of the automobile industry, and the lithium-ion power battery is the main energy source of electric vehicles. The accuracy of state of charge (SOC) estimation directly affects the performance of the vehicle. In this paper, the first order fractional equivalent circuit model of a lithium iron phosphate battery was established. Battery capacity tests with different charging and discharging rates and open circuit voltage tests were carried out under different ambient temperatures. The conversion coefficient of charging and discharging capacity and the simplified open circuit voltage model considering the hysteresis characteristics of the battery were proposed. The parameters of the first order fractional equivalent circuit model were identified by using a particle swarm optimization algorithm with dynamic inertia weight. Finally, the recursive formula of a fractional extended Kalman filter was derived, and the battery SOC was estimated under continuous Dynamic Stress Test (DST) conditions. The results show that the estimation method has high accuracy and strong robustness.

Fluorescence lifetime is not only associated with the molecular structure of fluorophores, but also strongly depends on the environment around them, which allows fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) to be used as a tool for precise measurement of the cell or tissue microenvironment. This review introduces the basic principle of fluorescence lifetime imaging technology and its application in clinical medicine, including research and diagnosis of diseases in skin, brain, eyes, mouth, bone, blood vessels and cavity organs, and drug evaluation. As a noninvasive, nontoxic and nonionizing radiation technique, FLIM demonstrates excellent performance with high sensitivity and specificity, which allows to determine precise position of the lesion and, thus, has good potential for application in biomedical research and clinical diagnosis.

Fast tool servo (FTS) machining technology is a promising method for freeform surfaces and machining micro-nanostructure surfaces. However, limited degrees of freedom (DOF) is an inherent drawback of existing FTS technologies. In this paper, a piezo-actuated serial structure FTS system is developed to obtain translational motions along with z and x-axis directions for ultra-precision machining. In addition, the principle of the developed 2-DOF FTS is introduced and explained. A high-rigidity four-bar (HRFB) mechanism is proposed to produce motion along the z-axis direction. Additionally, through a micro-rotation motion around flexible bearing hinges (FBHs), bi-directional motions along the x-axis direction can be produced. The kinematics of the mechanism are described using a matrix-based compliance modeling (MCM) method, and then the static analysis and dynamic analysis are performed using finite element analysis (FEA). Testing experiments were conducted to investigate the actual performance of the developed system. The results show that low coupling, proper travel, and high natural frequency are obtained. Finally, a sinusoidal wavy surface is uniformly generated by the mechanism developed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the FTS system.

Generative adversarial network (GANs) has significant progress in 3D model generation and reconstruction recently years. GANs can generate 3D models by sampling from uniform noise distribution. But they generate randomly and are often not easy to control. To address this problem, we add the class information to both generator and discriminator and construct a new network named 3D conditional GAN. Moreover, to better guide generator to reconstruct 3D model from a single image in high quality, we propose a new 3D model reconstruction network by integrating a classifier into the traditional system. Experimental results on ModelNet10 dataset show that our method can effectively generate realistic 3D models corresponding to the given class labels. And the qualities of 3D model reconstruction have been improved considerably by using proposed method in IKEA dataset.