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Abstract A prevailing question in contemporary transport research queries the contribution of transport infrastructure investment to regional and local economic growth. Notably, the benefits under consideration extend beyond travel-time savings to possible additional developmental benefits. Centering on the Chengdu-Chongqing twin-city economic circle, this study sheds light on this issue. It presents a comprehensive approach involving economic, investment, and political-institutional conditions, and underscores their synergistic operation in eliciting measurable economic benefits. We delve into the effects of road traffic accessibility on economic growth in 2019, using accessibility indicators integrated into a spatial econometric model. Our research relied on robust indicators of road traffic accessibility, transportation investments, and economic outputs from the Chengdu-Chongqing region. The study demonstrates that the road traffic network’s development level is higher in the central area compared to the peripheral regions. Further, it reveals an uneven economic development distribution within the circle. Moreover, the spatial effect of road traffic on economic growth surfaces as an error term spatial interaction effect, highlighting accessibility’s pivotal role. Factors like industrial infrastructure, labor force, and new economic geography also significantly affect growth. To wrap up, we discuss the broader implications of our findings. We suggest a stronger connection between road transportation and economic growth and stress the need to enhance the supporting economic environment. Our findings have broader implications, guiding policy and planning in other urban economic circles.

Abstract H2 generation from methanol‐water mixtures often requires high pressure and high temperature (200–300 °C). However, CO can be easily generated and poison the catalytic system under such high temperature. Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop the efficient catalytic systems for H2 production from methanol at room temperature, even at sub‐zero temperatures. Herein, carbon nanotube‐supported Pt nanocomposites are designed and synthesized as high‐performance nano‐catalysts, via stabilization of Pt nanoparticles onto carbon nanotube (CNT), for H2 production upon methanol dehydrogenation at sub‐zero temperatures. Therein, the optimal Pt/CNT nanocomposite presents the superior catalytic performance in H2 production upon methanol dehydrogenation at the expense of B2(OH)4, with the TOF of 299.51 min‐130 oC. Compared with other common carriers, Pt/CNT exhibited the highest catalytic performance in H2 production, emphasizing the critical role of CNT in methanol dehydrogenation. The confinement of Pt nanoparticles by CNTs is conducive to inhibiting the aggregation of Pt nanoparticles, thereby significantly increasing its catalytic performance and stability. The kinetic study, detailed mechanistic insights, and density functional theory (DFT) calculation confirm that the breaking of O─H bond of CH3OH is the rate‐controlling step for methanol dehydrogenation, and both H atoms of H2 are supplied by methanol. Interestingly, H2 is also successfully produced from methanol dehydrogenation at −10 °C, which absolutely solves the freezing problem in the H2 evolution upon water‐splitting reaction.

Photoelectron spectroscopy in intense laser fields has proven to be a powerful tool for providing detailed insights into molecular structure. The ionizing molecular orbital, however, has not been reconstructed from the photoelectron spectra, because its phase information is difficult to access. Here, we propose a method to retrieve the phase information of the ionizing molecular orbital. By analyzing the interference pattern in the photoelectron spectrum, the weighted coefficients and the relative phases of the constituent atomic orbitals for a molecular orbital can be extracted. With this information, we reconstruct the highest occupied molecular orbital of N2. Our work provides a reliable and straightforward approach for reconstructing molecular orbitals with the photoelectron spectroscopy.

Summary: In the winter months, the temperature in most of the Earth stays below 0°C; the average temperature in winter at the South Pole is about −60°C. Therefore, it is urgent to develop efficient catalytic systems for selective and efficient H2 evolution upon NH3BH3 hydrolysis at subzero temperatures. For solving the freezing issue of water at below 0°C, herein, we have employed a facile and surfactant-free approach to synthesize M-Pt/C nanocomposites (M = Pd, Rh, Ru, Ni, Cu, or Fe), by the alloying of commercial Pt/C with Pd, Rh, Ru, Cu, Ni, or Fe for selective and efficient H2 evolution upon NH3BH3 hydrolysis in saline solution at below 0°C, even at −15°C. In addition, NH3BH3 hydrolysis over Pd-Pt/C in the saturated NaCl solution is utilized not only for safe hydrogen production but also for its in situ hydrogenation reduction in organic chemistry, which could avoid using dangerous hydrogen cylinders.

Much experimental work has been contributed to all-metal σ, π and δ-aromaticity among transition metals, semimetallics and other metals in the past two decades. Before our focused investigations on the properties of triangular and sandwich-shaped all-metal aromatics, A. I. Boldyrev presented general discussions on the concepts of all-metal σ-aromaticity and σ-antiaromaticity for metallo-clusters. Schleyer illustrated that Nucleus-Independent Chemical Shifts (NICS) were among the most authoritative criteria for aromaticity. Ugalde discussed the earlier developments of all-metal aromatic compounds with all possible shapes. Besides the theoretical predictions, many stable all-metal aromatic trinuclear clusters have been isolated as the metallic analogues of either the σ-aromatic molecule’s [H3]+ ion or the π-aromatic molecule’s [C3H3]+ ion. Different from Hoffman’s opinion on all-metal aromaticity, triangular all-metal aromatics were found to hold great potential in applications in coordination chemistry, catalysis, and material science. Triangular all-metal aromatics, which were theoretically proved to conform to the Hückel (4n + 2) rule and possess the smallest aromatic ring, could also play roles as stable ligands during the formation of all-metal sandwiches. The triangular and sandwich-shaped all-metal aromatics have not yet been specifically summarized despite their diversity of existence, puissant developments and various interesting applications. These findings are different from the public opinion that all-metal aromatics would be limited to further applications due to their overstated difficulties in synthesis and uncertain stabilities. Our review will specifically focus on the summarization of theoretical predictions, feasible syntheses and isolations, and multiple applications of triangular and sandwich shaped all-metal aromatics. The appropriateness and necessities of this review will emphasize and disseminate their importance and applications forcefully and in a timely manner.

Rice bean is an underexploited legume crop that has many desirable properties against bio and abiotic stresses. Here, the authors report the genome assembly of this species, conduct population genetics studies and reveal the genetic variations associated with adaptation and yield traits.

Summary: Sodium formate (SF) is regarded as a technological additive to improve H2 generation upon HCOOH dehydrogenation. The development of SF as a hydrogen storage material is still a challenge. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of carbon nanosphere-stabilized Pd nanoparticles (Pd/CNS) for the direct H2 generation upon SF hydrolysis in the presence of Fe3+. The tandem reaction, isotopic mass spectrometry, and gas chromatograms result confirmed that SF hydrolysis generates H2 with one H atom provided by SF and other H by H2O. The kinetic study and detailed mechanistic investigations have demonstrated that the concerted process between the cleavage of O-H bond in H2O and -O2C-H bond oxidative addition is the rate-controlling step in SF hydrolysis. This work offers a new chemical hydrogen storage material (HCOONa) for the high-efficiency generation, transport, and storage of H2.

High-quality development (HQD) is a development model proposed by the Chinese government in the regional development process, with the five major development concepts of innovation, green, coordination, openness and sharing as its core. It is an expansion of sustainable development, incorporating the connotation of green development and emphasizing the joint promotion and coordinated development of the five subsystems. This study takes the counties in Sichuan, China, as the case area, constructs an evaluation index system based on the five development concepts, conducts research on the endogenous coordination of the HQD system through the Coupling Coordination Degree model. On this basis, its spatial–temporal differentiation characteristics are characterized by Getis-Ord Gi*, and the key influencing factors of the regional HQD are identified by Geographical Detector. The results indicated that the HQD coupling degree in Sichuan Province was in a highly coupling state, but the coupling coordination degree was at the primary coordination state, and the level of HQD was relatively low. Moreover, a spatial characteristic of “high east and low west” was showed in the HQD coupling coordination degree of Sichuan Province. Taking Chengdu City as the agglomeration center, it showed obvious agglomeration effect, and the HQD coupling coordination degree in the areas around Chengdu were significantly higher than in other areas. Furthermore, the permanent populations per unit area, the road mileage per capita, the number of employees and the proportion of fiscal expenditure to GDP had significant effects on HQD. The experience of the case area can be a reference for other similar regions globally to promote their high-quality economic and environmental development.

Abstract Background Human rhinovirus (HRV) is one of the major viruses of acute respiratory tract disease among infants and young children. This work aimed to understand the epidemiological and phylogenetic features of HRV in Guangzhou, China. In addition, the clinical characteristics of hospitalized children infected with different subtype of HRV was investigated. Methods Hospitalized children aged

The burgeoning need to study the applications of nanoparticles (NPs) in biomedical and pharmaceutical fields requires an understanding of their interactions with lipid membranes for further in vivo studies. In this paper, negatively charged egg yolk lecithin liposome (EYL) has been prepared and used as model lipid membranes. Positively charged Mg3Al-layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are viewed as models of clay particles. The ability of the LDH NPs, a two-dimensional nanostructure with an average diameter of 100 nm (LDHs-100) or 500 nm (LDHs-500) to cross the membranes, has been thoroughly investigated via (high-resolution) transmission electron microscopy (TEM), optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal fluorescence microscopy (CLSM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The liposomes with an average diameter of 1.5 μm were prepared by the thin-film rehydration method followed by an extrusion technique. A calcein leakage assay and steady-state fluorescence measurement displayed the variation of membrane integrity and polarity of the pyrene-located microenvironment during the interaction between EYL and calcein-interacted LDH NPs (CE-LDHs) or LDH NPs, respectively. These results imply that not only spherical particles but also even more sophisticated nanostructured materials are able to effectively cross the lipid bilayers, thereby engineering new compounds that may be encapsulated for safe and potential use in biomedical applications.

Using N2O4 donor symmetric ligand H2L and dca co-ligand, two new isostructural dinuclear CuII–LnIII complexes [Cu(Cl)(L)Ln(NO3)(CH3OH)(H2O)(dca)] [Ln=Ho (1CuHo), Gd (2CuGd)] [H2L = 6,6′-((1E,1′E)-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(2-methoxyphenol); dca=dicyanamide] were designed, synthesized and studied. In the two isostructural compounds, the geometric environment around the nine-coordinated Ln(III) ions is muffin, whereas the geometry of the penta-coordinated Cu(II) ions is square pyramid. The magnetic properties of both complexes were also studied. Direct current magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate ferromagnetic interactions between the Cu(II) ion and Gd(III) ion in complex 2CuGd. Alternating current (ac) magnetic measurements indicate that complex 1CuHo displays slow magnetic relaxation behaviour.

Using the data collected from Doppler weather radar, FY satellite, automatic weather stations and NCEP reanalysis, we have conducted a comparative analysis of the three successive heavy rainfall events occurred in Guilin from June 6 to 12 in 2019 in terms of their circulation background, influence system and cause. The main results are as follow. (1) According to influence system the three events are warm-sector rainstorm, low-vortex rainstorm and frontal rainstorm, respectively, all of which occurred in the superimposed area of the divergence on the right side of upper-level jet and the convergence on the left side of low-level jet. (2) All three events are affected by short-wave troughs at 500 hPa and surface mesoscale convergence lines. In additon, the southwesterly low-level jet and terrain in the first event, the shear line with low vortex in the second event, and the cold front in the third event played an important role, respectively. (3) The trigger systems of the three events are different. The first warm-sector rainstorm event is triggered by windward slope terrain, and the southwest low-level jet maintains the convective clouds which is characterized by backward propagating. The second low-vortex rainstorm event is triggered by the southwest vortex in the low-level in Guizhou area, and in the event the intrusion of western cold air and the reinforcement of southwest low-level jets made the convective cloud with vortex last for a long time. The third frontal rainstorm event is triggered by cold front, which combined with warm and wet airflow in front of the front to strengthen the convective clouds. (4) The patterns of MCS that caused the first warm-sector rainstorm event are mainly the linear backward extension type, and the extremely precipitation occurred in the center and rear part of linear convection echoes. The pattern of MCS that induced the second vortex rainstorm event is the vorticity-stratiform type, and the extremely precipitation occurred near the center of vortex. The pattern of MCS that resulted in the third vortex rainstorm event is the convection system surrounded by stratiform cloud which is changed from linear convection in the rear of stratiform cloud area earlier stage, and the heavy rainfall occurred in the bend of linear convection or the center of strong echo.

Two new luminescent metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), namely [Cd4(TFBA)3(H2O)4]n (CdMOF-1) and [Cd(TFBA) (bipy)]n (CdMOF-2) (H3TFBA = tris(3′-F-4′-carboxybiphenyl)amine, 4,4′-bipy = 4,4’-bipyridine), have been prepared and successfully constructed via solvothermal conditions. Single-crystal structure analysis reveals that CdMOF-1 are two-dimensional network containing [Cd4O26] units. CdMOF-2 shows a non-interpenetration 3D microporous structure with a hexagon pore of 24.6 × 25.9 Å. Notably, CdMOF-2 exhibits turn off fluorescence behavior towards picric acid (TNP) and 4-Nitrophenol (PNP) with a limit of detection (LOD) value of 9.2 × 10−6 M and 1.81 × 10−5 M, respectively. Furthermore, CdMOF-2 shows obvious turn-on luminescence responses toward acetylacetone (Acac) with luminescence red-shift and a detection limit of 19.40 ppm. Additionally, the possible quenching or enhancing mechanism during the sensing process were evaluated by PXRD, UV-vis, and luminescence decay lifetime.

Patients with Human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (Her2) overexpression are associated with aggressive tumor growth and poor clinical outcomes. Bispecific antibodies targeting Her2 have recently exhibited potent effects on Her2 signal inhibition. In this study, a novel biparatopic anti-Her2 bispecific antibody (Bp-Bs) was constructed by linking a single anti-CD3 Fab with two different anti-Her2 single-domain antibodies targeting non-overlapping epitopes of Her2. The Bp-Bs demonstrated strong binding on Her2-positive cells and potent cytotoxicity on Her2-positive tumor cells, even Her2-low expression cells, suggesting that biparatopic bispecific antibodies may have improved therapeutic benefits on broad Her2 patient populations. Keywords: Her2, bispecific, biparatopic, bivalent, single domain, antibody, trastuzumab

Drought is one of the most significant abiotic stresses that affects the growth and productivity of crops worldwide. Finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] is a C4 crop with high nutritional value and drought tolerance. However, the drought stress tolerance genetic mechanism of finger millet is largely unknown. In this study, transcriptomic (RNA-seq) and proteomic (iTRAQ) technologies were combined to investigate the finger millet samples treated with drought at different stages to determine drought response mechanism. A total of 80,602 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 3,009 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in the transcriptomic and proteomic levels, respectively. An integrated analysis, which combined transcriptome and proteome data, revealed the presence of 1,305 DEPs were matched with the corresponding DEGs (named associated DEGs-DEPs) when comparing the control to samples which were treated with 19 days of drought (N1-N2 comparison group), 1,093 DEGs-DEPs between control and samples which underwent rehydration treatment for 36 hours (N1-N3 comparison group) and 607 DEGs-DEPs between samples which were treated with drought for 19 days and samples which underwent rehydration treatment for 36 hours (N2-N3 comparison group). Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis identified 80 DEGs-DEPs in the N1-N2 comparison group, 49 DEGs-DEPs in the N1-N3 comparison group, and 59 DEGs-DEPs in the N2-N3 comparison group, which were associated with drought stress. The DEGs-DEPs which were drought tolerance-related were enriched in hydrolase activity, glycosyl bond formation, oxidoreductase activity, carbohydrate binding and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. Co-expression network analysis revealed two candidate DEGs-DEPs which were found to be centrally involved in drought stress response. These results suggested that the coordination of the DEGs-DEPs was essential to the enhanced drought tolerance response in the finger millet.

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is overexpressed in approximately 20% to 30% of breast cancers and various other types of cancers, which plays a vital role in the cancer progression. Monoclonal antibodies targeting Her2 are now used in the clinic to treat Her2 overexpression cancer patients. However, relapse or resistance is frequent with the current therapies. To generate a new treatment avenue against Her2, we immunized and selected a specific anti-Her2 single domain antibody C3 for further studies. The C3-Fc antibody drove antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against Her2-positive tumor cells in vitro and resulted in potent antitumor growth in vivo. These data suggest that the C3-Fc antibody may provide an alternative avenue for Her2-positive cancer therapy.

Alpha B-crystallin (HspB5) is abnormally expressed in tumor tissues and portends a poor prognosis in cancer patients. However, the role of HspB5 in colorectal cancer (CRC) is still unclear. Seventy CRC patients and 40 healthy volunteers were sampled from August 2012 to March 2015 in order to determine the clinical significance of HspB5. In vitro cellular studies were used to validate its molecular mechanisms in CRC. Our clinical data indicated that HspB5 was up-regulated, and had a positive association with TNM stage CRC patients. The expression level of HspB5 in CRC patients was closely correlated with MMP7 and E-cadherin, two core epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) gene products. The in vitro studies revealed that high HspB5 expression could prompt tumor cell proliferation and invasion, as well as EMT. Gene-microarray analysis suggested three significant signaling pathways (PI3K, p38 and ERK) were involved in HspB5-induced EMT. Signal transduction pathway inhibitors and HspB5 gene knockdown models suggested that HspB5 promotes CRC tumorigenesis and EMT progression through ERK signaling pathways. In summary, HspB5 maybe trigger the EMT in CRC by activating the ERK signaling pathway. It is a potential tumor biomarker for CRC diagnosis and prognosis.

Periodontitis is the most common cause of tooth loss and bone destruction in adults worldwide. Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) may represent promising new therapeutic biomaterials for tissue engineering applications. Stromal precursor antigen-1 (STRO-1) has been shown to have roles in adherence, proliferation, and multipotency. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) has been shown to enhance proliferation in osteoblasts. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to compare the functions of STRO-1(+) and STRO-1(−) hPDLSCs and to investigate the effects of PTH on the osteogenic capacity of STRO-1(+) hPDLSCs in order to evaluate their potential applications in the treatment of periodontitis. Our data showed that STRO-1(+) hPDLSCs expressed higher levels of the PTH-1 receptor (PTH1R) than STRO-1(−) hPDLSCs. In addition, intermittent PTH treatment enhanced the expression of PTH1R and osteogenesis-related genes in STRO-1(+) hPDLSCs. PTH-treated cells also exhibited increased alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization ability. Therefore, STRO-1(+) hPDLSCs represented a more promising cell resource for biomaterials and tissue engineering applications. Intermittent PTH treatment improved the capacity for STRO-1(+) hPDLSCs to repair damaged tissue and ameliorate the symptoms of periodontitis.

[Objective] There are plenty of useful information in hydrological observations. Predicting future flood on the basis of similarity information in historical records is an effective and promising approach. [Method] In this paper, a multi-measure similarity analysis method of rainstorms is developed based on “quantity”, “type” similarity indicators, the earth mover’s distance (EMD) and the rainstorm distribution similarity indicator. Search the similar rainstorm and its corresponding typical flood in historical library and then scale the typical flood process according to the ratio of rainfall amounts to achieve flood forecasting. [Result] The method is applied to a case study in Xinmiao station of Kuye River. The results show that with the accelerating information of rainstorm and flood process, the forecasted flood process is updated continuously, and the prediction accuracy is gradually increasing. [Conclusion] The proposed similarity analysis method is effective and applicable to flood forecasting.