Search

Copy number aberrations (CNA) are the core determinants for diagnosis, risk stratification and prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). In this study, a shallow whole-genome sequencing-based assay, LeukoPrint, was utilized to depict genomic CNA profiles from the bone marrow of 137 newly diagnosed AML/MDS patients. It demonstrated 98.1% concordance of CNA profiles with cytogenetics and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). It is advantageous in detecting CNAs of short segments (1 Mb) and from samples with low leukemic cell content, more accurate for describing complex karyotypes and less confounded by subjective bias. LeukoPrint improved the overall diagnostic yield by redefining the risk categories for 16 patients by presenting new information. In summary, LeukoPrint provided an automated, convenient, and cost-effective approach to describe genomic CNA profiles. It brought greater diagnostic yield and risk stratification information by incorporating into the routine cytogenetics based on the CNA-related criteria of standard ELN/IPSS-R guidelines.

Fluorine being a well-known and essential element for normal physiological functions of tissues of different organisms is frequently used for growth and development of body. The mechanisms of adverse and injurious impacts of fluoride are not clear and still are under debate. Therefore, this study was executed to ascertain the potential mechanisms of sodium fluoride in liver tissues of ducks. For this purpose, a total of 14 ducks were randomly divided and kept in two groups including control group and sodium fluoride treated group. The ducks in control group were fed with normal diet while the ducks in other group were exposed to sodium fluoride (750 mg/kg) for 28 days. The results showed that exposure to sodium fluoride induced deleterious effects in different liver tissues of ducks. The results indicated that mRNA levels of Cas-3, Cas-9, p53, Apaf-1, Bax and Cyt-c were increased in treated ducks with significantly higher mRNA level of Cas-9 and lower levels of the mRNA level of Bcl-2 as compared to untreated control group (P < 0.01). The results showed that protein expression levels of Bax and p53 were increased while protein expression level of Bcl-2 was reduced in treated ducks. No difference was observed in protein expression level of Cas-3 between treated and untreated ducks. The results of this study suggest that sodium fluoride damages the normal structure of liver and induces abnormal process of apoptosis in hepatocyte, which provide a new idea for elucidating the mechanisms of sodium fluoride induced hepatotoxicity in ducks.

Zearalenone (ZEN), a mycotoxin is frequently detected in different food products and has been widely studied for its toxicity. However, the underlying mechanisms of hepatotoxic effects, relationship between gut microbiome and liver metabolite mediated hepatotoxicity mechanisms induced by ZEN are still not clear. Here, we reported that the different microscopic changes like swelling of hepatocyte, disorganization of hepatocytes and extensive vacuolar degeneration were observed, and the mitochondrial functions decreased in exposed mice. Results exhibited up-regulation in expression of signals of apoptosis and autophagy in liver of treated mice via mitochondrial apoptotic and autophagy pathway (Beclin1/p62). The diversity of gut microbiome decreased and the values of various microbiome altered in treated mice, including 5 phyla (Chloroflexi, Sva0485, Methylomirabilota, MBNT15 and Kryptonia) and genera (Frankia, Lactococcus, Anaerolinea, Halomonas and Sh765B-TzT-35) significantly changed. Liver metabolism showed that the concentrations of 91 metabolite including lipids and lipid like molecules were significantly changed. The values of phosphatidylcholine, 2-Lysophosphatidylcholine and phosphatidate concentrations suggestive of abnormal glycerophosphate metabolism pathway were significantly increased in mice due to exposure to ZEN. In conclusion, the findings suggest that the disorders in gut microbiome and liver metabolites due to exposure to ZEN in mice may affect the liver.

Genomic alternations especially copy number aberrations (CNAs) are particularly imperative for diagnostic classification and risk stratification in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Although conventional cytogenetic analysis (CCA) has been mandatory in clinical routine to detect recurrent genomic abnormalities in AML/MDS, it presents a few obvious shortcomings, such as time-consuming in vitro cell-culturing procedure, low resolution (no smaller than 10 Mbp), and subjective bias introduced from the visual interpretation by cytogeneticists. With the technological advances of next generation sequencing (NGS), the current CCA test and the molecular tests are likely to be challenged by whole-genome sequencing (WGS), which is a more unbiased method to detect all types of genomic aberrations not only those well-characterized clinically actionable mutations but also cryptic alternations yet to be defined and annotated. In this study a shallow whole-genome sequencing (sWGS) based assay, LeukoPrint, was utilized to depict genomic CNA profiles from the bone marrow cells of 107 newly diagnosed patients with AML (n=63, 58.9%) or MDS (n=44, 41.1%). Bone marrow was collected and mononuclear cells were separated to harvest genomic DNA which was sequenced without capture at approximately 1x coverage depth. Genome-wide CNAs was analyzed for each sample using an automated pipeline. European Leukemia Net (ELN) or Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R)-defining CNAs were selected and used to assign patients to a genetic risk group through the same classification systems that are used for CCA. It demonstrated 98.1% concordance of CNA profiles at individual patient level with cytogenetics and/or FISH. It is advantageous in detecting CNAs of short segments (1 Mb) and from samples with low leukemic cell content, more accurate for describing complex karyotypes and less confounded by subjective bias. LeukoPrint improved the overall diagnostic yield by redefining the risk categories for 16 patients (15%) by presenting new information. Nearly identical CNA profiles from the paired plasma and bone marrow suggest that peripheral blood may serve as a substitute to spare bone marrow aspiration. In summary, LeukoPrint provided an automated, convenient and cost-effective approach to describe genomic CNA profiles in AML/MDS. It brought greater diagnostic yield and risk stratification information by incorporating into the routine cytogenetics based on the standard ELN/IPSS-R guidelines. Citation Format: Xiaodong Lyu, Tao Li, Dandan Zhu, Mengna Zhang, Yuexin Cheng, Yan Chen, Zhenling Li, Shiyong Li, Wei Wu, Shuaipeng Geng, Jingshuai Li, Xiangxiang He, Yangwei Li, Yinyin Chang, Zunmin Zhu, Mao Mao, Yongping Song. Whole-genome sequencing as an alternative to analyze copy number abnormalities in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 5263.

e19023 Background: Genomic alternations especially copy number aberrations (CNAs) are particularly imperative for diagnostic classification and risk stratification in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and multiple myeloma (MM). With the technological advances of next generation sequencing (NGS), the current CCA test and the molecular tests are likely to be challenged by whole-genome sequencing (WGS), which is a more unbiased method to detect all types of genomic aberrations. Methods: 178 patients who met the clinical manifestations of blood malignancies were included in the study, including 89 patients with AML, 48 with MDS and 41 with MM. Bone marrow was collected and mononuclear cells were separated to harvest genomic DNA which was sequenced without capture at approximately 1x coverage depth (shallow whole-genome sequencing, sWGS). Genome-wide CNAs greater than 5 Mbp was analyzed for each sample. European Leukemia Net (ELN), Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R) or Revised International Staging System (R-ISS)-defining CNAs were selected and used to assign patients to a genetic risk group through the same classification systems that are used for CCA. Results: In this study, CNA events were identified in 109 (73.6%) patients via sWGS. By calculating frequencies of recurrent gains and losses at chromosome arm level, some recurrent events were detected like gains of chr 8 (observed in 12 AML and 9 MDS patients), chr 1 (observed in 18 MM patients), losses of chr 7 (observed in 9 AML and 3 MDS patients) and chr 13 (observed in 16 MM patients), which were consistent with previously reported cytogenetic events. Besides, amplifications of odd-numbered chromosomes were detected in 15(36.6%) of patients with multiple myeloma, including chromosomes 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 15, 19 and/or 21. And the trisomy of chr 5, 7 or 9 are mainly observed with a frequency of 66.7%. Among 145 patients with CCA results, a high concordance of 97.7% (98.5%, 97.6% and 97.1% in AML, MDS and MM respectively) was achieved in CNA profiles at individual patient level with cytogenetics and/or FISH. Noteworthily, CNA events were detected in 20 of 28 (71.4%) MM patients with negative karyotyping results. Moreover, sWGS improved the overall diagnostic yield by reassign 18 patients (9 with AML and 9 with MDS) to risk categories with poorer prognosis. Nearly identical CNA profiles from the paired plasma and bone marrow suggest that peripheral blood may serve as a substitute to spare bone marrow aspiration. Conclusions: In summary, a streamlined sWGS provides an accurate, convenient and cost-effective approach to describe genomic profiles of CNAs in patients with AML, MDS and MM. Clinical trial information: ChiCTR2100052276.

Thiram, a well-known sulfur containing organic compound is frequently and extensively used in agriculture because of high biological activity to control different pests. In certain cases, due to long persistence in the environment pesticides and other environmental contaminants induce undesirable toxic impacts to public health and environment. To ascertain the potential mechanisms of toxicity of thiram on different immune organs of broilers, a total of 100 one-day-old chicks were obtained and randomly divided into two groups including thiram group (50 mg/kg) and untreated control group. Thymus and spleen tissues were collected at the age of 14 days from the experimental birds. At necropsy level, thymus was congested, enlarged and hyperemic while spleen had no obvious lesions. The results on mechanisms (apoptosis and autophagy) of immunotoxicity showed significantly increased expression of bax, caspase3, cytc, ATG5, beclin1 and p62 in spleen of treated mice. Results indicated significantly decreased expression of m-TOR and bcl2 to activate apoptosis and autophagy. The expressions of bax, p53 and m-TOR were up-regulated in the thymus while the expressions of ATG5 and Beclin1 were down-regulated to mediate cell apoptosis and inhibit autophagy. The results on different metabolome investigation showed that the sphingolipid metabolism in the thymus of chicks exposed to thiram was disrupted resulting in up-regulation of metabolites related to cell membrane components such as SM, galactosylceramide and lactosylceramide. The results of our experimental research suggest that thiram can interfere with the sphingolipid metabolism in thymus and angiogenesis, inhibit the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells to induce potential toxic effects in chicken.

Supplemental material, sj-doc-2-tct-10.1177_15330338211055953 for DEAD-box Helicase 27 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression Through ERK Signaling by Wang Xiaoqian, Zhang Bing, Li Yangwei, Zhi Yafei, Zhang Tingting, Wang Yi, Li Qingjun, Luo Suxia, Zhang Ling, Wang Bo and Zheng Peng in Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-tct-10.1177_15330338211055953 for DEAD-box Helicase 27 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression Through ERK Signaling by Wang Xiaoqian, Zhang Bing, Li Yangwei, Zhi Yafei, Zhang Tingting, Wang Yi, Li Qingjun, Luo Suxia, Zhang Ling, Wang Bo and Zheng Peng in Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment

Supplemental material, sj-docx-3-tct-10.1177_15330338211055953 for DEAD-box Helicase 27 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression Through ERK Signaling by Wang Xiaoqian, Zhang Bing, Li Yangwei, Zhi Yafei, Zhang Tingting, Wang Yi, Li Qingjun, Luo Suxia, Zhang Ling, Wang Bo and Zheng Peng in Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment

Supplemental material, sj-docx-4-tct-10.1177_15330338211055953 for DEAD-box Helicase 27 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression Through ERK Signaling by Wang Xiaoqian, Zhang Bing, Li Yangwei, Zhi Yafei, Zhang Tingting, Wang Yi, Li Qingjun, Luo Suxia, Zhang Ling, Wang Bo and Zheng Peng in Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment

Background Severe hypoxia induces a series of stress responses in mammals; however, subterranean rodents have evolved several adaptation mechanisms of energy metabolisms and O2 utilization for hypoxia. Mammalian brains show extreme aerobic metabolism. Following hypoxia exposure, mammals usually experience irreversible brain damage and can even develop serious diseases, such as hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy and brain edema. To investigate mechanisms underlying the responses of subterranean rodents to severe hypoxia, we performed a cross-species brain transcriptomic analysis using RNA sequencing and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the subterranean rodent Lasiopodomys mandarinus and its closely related aboveground species L. brandtii under severe hypoxia (5.0% O2, 6 h) and normoxia (20.9% O2, 6 h). Results We obtained 361 million clean reads, including 69,611 unigenes in L. mandarinus and 69,360 in L. brandtii. We identified 359 and 515 DEGs by comparing the hypoxic and normoxia groups of L. mandarinus and L. brandtii, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that upregulated DEGs in both species displayed similar terms in response to severe hypoxia; the main difference is that GO terms of L. brandtii were enriched in the immune system. However, in the downregulated DEGs, GO terms of L. mandarinus were enriched in cell proliferation and protein transport and those of L. brandtii were enriched in nuclease and hydrolase activities, particularly in terms of developmental functions. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that upregulated DEGs in L. mandarinus were associated with DNA repair and damage prevention as well as angiogenesis and metastasis inhibition, whereas downregulated DEGs were associated with neuronal synaptic transmission and tumor-associated metabolic pathways. In L. brandtii, upregulated KEGG pathways were enriched in the immune, endocrine, and cardiovascular systems and particularly in cancer-related pathways, whereas downregulated DEGs were associated with environmental information processing and misregulation in cancers. Conclusions L. mandarinus has evolved hypoxia adaptation by enhancing DNA repair, damage prevention, and augmenting sensing, whereas L. brandtii showed a higher risk of tumorigenesis and promoted innate immunity toward severe hypoxia. These results reveal the hypoxic mechanisms of L. mandarinus to severe hypoxia, which may provide research clues for hypoxic diseases.

With the rapid development of the 5G era, the concern of human health risks caused by the construction of mobile base stations has also come to light. To understand the current situation of the electromagnetic radiation environment of 5G application base stations is the basis for avoiding the old road of “pollution before treatment” in environmental management and solving the problem of neighbourhood avoidance. At the beginning of the year, we started to monitor the electromagnetic radiation environment of 5G application base stations in major urban roads, logistics centres, residential areas and university gathering areas, etc. According to the analysis of the monitoring data, the electromagnetic radiation environment levels of 5G application base stations at various monitoring points in urban areas all meet the requirements of the Electromagnetic Environment Control Limits (GB8702-2014). With the development of 5G and the application of various scenarios, it is still necessary to continuously monitor the electromagnetic radiation environment in the future in order to grasp its changing trend.

Lasiopodomys mandarinus, a subterranean rodent, spends its entire life underground. To test whether the CLOCK and BMAL1 genes of L. mandarinus have undergone adaptive evolution to underground darkness, we cloned and analyzed their complete cDNA sequences, using Lasiopodomys brandtii as a control. The phylogenetic trees of the CLOCK and BMAL1 genes were similar to the trees of the conserved Cyt b gene，further, L. mandarinus clustered with L. brandtii and Microtus ochrogaster in the phylogenetic tree. The Q-rich region of the CLOCK gene in L. mandarinus was different from that of other subterranean rodents. Using phylogenetic analysis maximum likelihood (PAML), the ω value (ω

Butachlor being an important member of chloroacetanilide herbicides, is frequently used in agriculture to control unwanted weeds. Exposure to butachlor can induce cancer, human lymphocyte aberration, and immunotoxic effects in animals. The current experimental trial was executed to determine the potential risks of herbicide butachlor to immunotoxicity and its mechanism of adverse effects on the spleen. For this purpose, mice were exposed to 8 mg/kg butachlor for 28 days, and the toxicity of butachlor on the spleen of mice was evaluated. We found that butachlor exposure led to an increase in serum ALB, GLU, TC, TG, and TP and changes in the morphological structure of the spleen of mice. More importantly, results showed that butachlor significantly increased the expression level of ATG-5, decreased the protein expression of LC3B and M-TOR, and significantly decreased the mRNA content of M-TOR and p62. Results revealed that the mRNA contents of APAF-1, CYTC, and CASP-9 related genes were significantly decreased after butachlor treatment. Subsequently, the mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10) were reduced in the spleen of treated mice. This study suggested that butachlor induce spleen toxicity and activate the immune response of spleen tissue by targeting the CYTC/BCL2/M-TOR pathway and caspase cascading activation of spleen autophagy and apoptosis pathways which may ultimately lead to immune system disorders.

Butachlor is a systemic herbicide widely applied on wheat, rice, beans, and different other crops, and is frequently detected in groundwater, surface water, and soil. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the potential adverse health risks and the underlying mechanisms of hepatotoxicity caused by exposure to butachlor in invertebrates, other nontarget animals, and public health. For this reason, a total of 20 mice were obtained and randomly divided into two groups. The experimental mice in one group were exposed to butachlor (8 mg/kg) and the mice in control group received normal saline. The liver tissues were obtained from each mice at day 21 of the trial. Results indicated that exposure to butachlor induced hepatotoxicity in terms of swelling of hepatocyte, disorders in the arrangement of hepatic cells, increased concentrations of different serum enzymes such as alkaline phosphate (ALP) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The results on the mechanisms of liver toxicity indicated that butachlor induced overexpression of Apaf-1, Bax, Caspase-3, Caspase-9, Cyt-c, p53, Beclin-1, ATG-5, and LC3, whereas decreases the expression of Bcl-2 and p62 suggesting abnormal processes of apoptosis and autophagy. Results on different metabolites (61 differential metabolites) revealed upregulation of PE and LysoPC, whereas downregulation of SM caused by butachlor exposure in mice led to the disruption of glycerophospholipids and lipid metabolism in the liver. The results of our experimental research indicated that butachlor induces hepatotoxic effects through disruption of lipid metabolism, abnormal mechanisms of autophagy, and apoptosis that provides new insights into the elucidation of the mechanisms of hepatotoxicity in mice induced by butachlor.

Fluoride is one of the most widely distributed elements in nature, while some fluorine-containing compounds are toxic to several vertebrates at certain levels. The current study was performed to evaluate the nephrotoxic effects of fluoride exposure in ducks. The results showed that the renal index was decreased in NaF group, and fluoride exposure significantly decreased the levels of serum Albumin, Glucose, Total cholesterol, Urea, protein and Triglycerides, confirming that NaF exhibited adverse effects on the kidney. The overall structure of renal cells showed damage with the signs of nuclelytic, vacuolar degeneration, atrophy, renal cystic cavity widening after fluoride induction. Renal vascular growth was impaired as the expression of VEGF and HIF-1α decreased (p > 0.05). More importantly, autophagy and apoptosis levels of CYT C, LC3, p62, Beclin, M-TOR, Bax and Caspase-3 were increased (p < 0.05) in the NaF treated group. Interestingly, our results showed that Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and Phosphatidylcholine (PC) activated the M-TOR autophagy pathway. Meanwhile, the PE acted on Atg5/ LC3 autophagy factor, followed by the auto-phagosome generation and activation of cell autophagy. These results indicate that NaF exposure to duck induced nephron-toxicity by activating autophagy, apoptosis and glucolipid metabolism pathways, which suggest that fluorine exposure poses a risk of poisoning.

Additional file 5: Figure S4. Protein interaction network for specific DEGs in L. brandtii (A) and L. mandarinus(B) brain under hypoxia. Pink squares represent upregulated proteins, and green squares represent downregulated proteins; size of the squares represents the importance of the protein in the network, with bigger squares indicating a greater importance; the thickness of line between the squares represents the strength of the association between two proteins, with a wider line indicating a stronger correlation.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Illumina sequencing data of the analyzed samples. Table S2. Length distribution and quality metrics of unigenes in L. mandarinus and L. brandtii. Table S3. Functional annotation results for L. mandarinus and L. brandtii transcriptomes. Table S4. Annotated DEGs for L. mandarinus and L. brandtii. Table S5. Significantly enriched GO terms for up- and downregulated DEGs in L. mandarinus and L. brandtii under severe hypoxia. Table S6. Enriched KEGG pathways for up- and downregulated DEGs in L. mandarinus and L. brandtii under severe hypoxia. Table S7. Results of RNA extraction from L. mandarinus and L. brandtii brain tissue. Table S8. RT-qPCR primers for the validation of RNA-Seq data. Table S9. Characteristics of L. mandarinus and L.brandtii samples.

Additional file 3: Figure S2. DEGs in the brains of L. mandarinus and L. brandtii under severe hypoxia vs. normoxia. FC, fold change; FDR, false discovery rate. Red, blue, and green dots represent up- and downregulated and unchanged genes, respectively.

Additional file 4: Figure S3. Gene-pathway networks for DEGs in L. mandarinus (A) and L. brandtii (B) under severe hypoxia determined using the Clue GO tool in Cytoscape. Small and large dots represent DEGs and enriched pathways, respectively. Genes indicated in blue are upregulated. Lines between dots represent connections between the genes and the pathways in the network; genes with more connections are more important in the network.

Additional file 2: Figure S1. Classification of annotated transcriptome in the Eukaryotic Orthologous Group (KOG). A to Z represent the specific entry information of the KOG annotated by unigenes.

Background Severe hypoxia induces a series of stress responses in mammals; however, subterranean rodents have evolved several adaptation mechanisms of energy metabolisms and O2 utilization for hypoxia. Mammalian brains show extreme aerobic metabolism. Following hypoxia exposure, mammals usually experience irreversible brain damage and can even develop serious diseases, such as hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy and brain edema. To investigate mechanisms underlying the responses of subterranean rodents to severe hypoxia, we performed a cross-species brain transcriptomic analysis using RNA sequencing and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the subterranean rodent Lasiopodomys mandarinus and its closely related aboveground species L. brandtii under severe hypoxia (5.0% O2, 6 h) and normoxia (20.9% O2, 6 h). Results We obtained 361 million clean reads, including 69,611 unigenes in L. mandarinus and 69,360 in L. brandtii. We identified 359 and 515 DEGs by comparing the hypoxic and normoxia groups of L. mandarinus and L. brandtii, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that upregulated DEGs in both species displayed similar terms in response to severe hypoxia; the main difference is that GO terms of L. brandtii were enriched in the immune system. However, in the downregulated DEGs, GO terms of L. mandarinus were enriched in cell proliferation and protein transport and those of L. brandtii were enriched in nuclease and hydrolase activities, particularly in terms of developmental functions. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that upregulated DEGs in L. mandarinus were associated with DNA repair and damage prevention as well as angiogenesis and metastasis inhibition, whereas downregulated DEGs were associated with neuronal synaptic transmission and tumor-associated metabolic pathways. In L. brandtii, upregulated KEGG pathways were enriched in the immune, endocrine, and cardiovascular systems and particularly in cancer-related pathways, whereas downregulated DEGs were associated with environmental information processing and misregulation in cancers. Conclusions L. mandarinus has evolved hypoxia adaptation by enhancing DNA repair, damage prevention, and augmenting sensing, whereas L. brandtii showed a higher risk of tumorigenesis and promoted innate immunity toward severe hypoxia. These results reveal the hypoxic mechanisms of L. mandarinus to severe hypoxia, which may provide research clues for hypoxic diseases.

Mandarin vole (Lasiopodomys mandarinus) is a subterranean rodent that is often used as a model for studying subterranean hypoxic stress in mammals. However the taxonomy of this species is still in dispute. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has long been used for phylogenetic reconstruction and, in this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of L. mandarinus mandarinus was sequenced. Our results showed that the mitochondrial genome of L. m. mandarinus is a circular molecule of 16,367bp, which contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA and 2 rRNA genes. Except for the 8 tRNA and ND6 genes, all other mitochondrial genes are encoded on the heavy strand. We also analyzed the phylogenetic position of L. mandarinus in respect to the tribe Arvicolini using the sequence of complete Cytb gene, 2rRNA genes and 12 protein-coding genes, and maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. Our results gave further support to the species status of L. mandarinus and the generic status of Lasiopodomys.

This paper proposes a novel algorithm for lane detection based on inverse perspective transformation and Kalman filter. A simple inverse perspective transformation method is presented to remove perspective effects and generate a top-view image. This method does not need to obtain the internal and external parameters of the camera. The Gaussian kernel function is used to convolute the image to highlight the lane lines, and then an iterative threshold method is used to segment the image. A searching method is applied in the top-view image obtained from the inverse perspective transformation to determine the lane points and their positions. Combining with feature voting mechanism, the detected lane points are fitted as a straight line. Kalman filter is then applied to optimize and track the lane lines and improve the detection robustness. The experimental results show that the proposed method works well in various road conditions and meet the real-time requirements.

Considering the main characteristics of the circumlunar return and reentry mission, this paper briefly describes the functions, key technology indexes of the power supply and distribution system, and the solutions of power supply system for multi-cabin spacecraft. Through the following key technologies such as high specific mass energy ration Zn-AgO battery design, multi-mode intelligent nickel hydrogen battery charge strategy and multi-bus current balance control scheme, the design problem that high reliability light weight supply and distribution system has been solved in the complex space environment of circumlunar return and reentry spacecraft. The on-orbit flight test results show that the performance of power supply and distribution system is reliable and excellent. The power supply and distribution system analysis and design methods for circumlunar return and reentry spacecraft which are proposed in this paper have been validated on orbit. It met the requirements and ensured the circumlunar return and reentry spacecraft mission succeeded, and it can provide a reference for lunar and deep space exploration in future.

Table S1. RT-qPCR primers for validation of RNA-Seq data. Table S2. Illumina sequencing data for analyzed samples. Table S3. Length distribution of assembled unigenes. Table S4. Functional annotation results for L. mandarinus and L. brandtii transcriptomes. Table S6. GO terms significant enriched for up- and downregulated DEGs in L. mandarinus and L. brandtii. Table S7. Genes associated with the GO term â peptidase activityâ among up- and downregulated DEGs in L. mandarinus. Table S8. KEGG pathways enriched for up- and downregulated DEGs in L. mandarinus and L. brandtii under acute hypoxia. Figure S1. DEGs in the brain of L. mandarinus and L. brandtii under chronic hypoxia vs. normoxia. FC, fold change; FDR, false discovery rate. Red, blue, and green dots represent up- and downregulated and unchanged genes, respectively. (DOCX 481 kb)

Table S1. Information of primers for RT-PCR of SH2D1A gene. (DOCX 16Â kb)

Background X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome type 1 (XLP1) is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder with a strong resemblance to hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Causative mutations for XLP1 have been identified in SH2D1A, located on chromosome Xq25. Case presentation We report a case of an 18-month-old male with a novel nonsense mutation in SH2D1A. The patient presented the typical phenotype of HLH, including splenomegaly and hemophagocytosis in the bone marrow. Thus, he was initially diagnosed with HLH based on HLH-2004 guidelines. High-throughput amplicon sequencing was performed to detect mutations in the most commonly reported causative genes of HLH, i.e., PRF1, UNC13D, STX11, STXBP2, SH2D1A, and XIAP. A likely pathogenic nonsense mutation was detected in SH2D1A (NM_002351.4:c.300T>A). The mutation was inherited from the patient’s mother, and an X-linked recessive mode of inheritance was confirmed by a two-generation pedigree analysis based on Sanger sequencing results. Conclusions The nonsense mutation in SH2D1A (NM_002351.4:c.300T>A) was reported for the first time in a case of XLP1 and was considered to be likely pathogenic based on the truncation of the mRNA sequence. This finding expands the spectrum of known XLP-related mutations in Chinese patients and indicates the utility of amplicon sequencing for XLP and HLH diagnosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12881-018-0576-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Despite recent medical advances, atherosclerosis is a global burden accounting for numerous mortalities and hospital admissions. MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) regulate cardiovascular biology and disease, but the role of microRNA‑34a in atherosclerosis remains unclear. In the present study, it was demonstrated that miR‑34a was highly expressed in atherosclerotic lesions and oxidized low‑density lipoprotein (Ox‑LDL)‑treated human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) (atherosclerotic cell model) using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The expression of histone deacetylase (HDAC) 1 was reduced in atherosclerotic lesions and Ox‑LDL treated HAECs. TargetScan predicted that HDAC1 is the potential target of miR‑34a and the double‑luciferase reporter assay confirmed that HDAC1 was directly targeted by miR‑34a. Furthermore, miR‑34a inhibitor significantly enhanced the cell viability of HAECs and the cell apoptosis was suppressed. In addition, the expression of apoptotic‑related proteins was detected by western blotting. The results showed that miR‑34a inhibitor significantly upregulated B‑cell lymphoma 2, procaspase‑3, procaspase‑9 and proto‑oncogene c‑Myc protein expression, and downregulated the expression of p21. In contrast, co‑transfection of HDAC1‑small interfering RNA and miR‑34a inhibitor eliminated the effects of miR‑34a on HAECs. This indicated that miR‑34a inhibitor promoted cell viability and prevented cell apoptosis of HAECs through regulating HDAC1. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that miR‑34a promoted atherosclerotic formation by modulating the proliferation and apoptosis of HAECs, and regulating the expression of apoptosis‑related proteins by targeting HDAC1.

Manchurian Zokor (Myospalax psilurus) is a common subterranean rodents which have a wide distribution in Transbaikalia, east Mongolia, east and central China, and Far East of Russian. The complete mitochondrial (MT) genome of M. psilurus has been determined in this study. It is a 16,360 bp circular molecule containing 13 protein-coding, 22 tRNAs and 2 rRNAs genes. Except for the seven tRNA and Nd6 genes, all other mitogenes are encoded on the heavy strand. The overall nucleotide composition of the H-strand is 33.68% A, 28.77% T, 25.35% C, and 12.17% G. Total A + T content is 54.12%.