Search

The quantification of home advantage is the key to understanding the home advantage. Most studies on the quantification of home advantage focus on home winning percentage, while little has been done on quantifying home advantage using technical and tactical performance. This study analyzed 480 matches from four seasons of the UEFA Champion League from 2016 to 2020, and used quantitative differences (QD) to evaluate teams’ overall performance. Both total shots and dribbles had a significant association with home winning percentage (HWP) when home total shot (HTS) was higher than away total shots (ATS), and the difference was in (9,10], and home dribbles (HD) was higher than away dribbles (AD) and in (2,4]. Besides, a significant association existed between aerial duel won and HWP when home aerial success (HADS) was lower than away aerial success (AADS), and the difference was in (0,2] and (3,4]. Besides, total shots and overall QD had a significant association with the same historical outcomes when HTS>ATS and was in (4,5] and (9,10], and summary of home performance (SHP) was higher than summary of away performance (SAP) and in (0.4,0.5], (0.6,0.7] and (0.9,1.1]. In conclusion, total shots, dribbles and aerial duel won could qualify the home advantage and elevate HWP. Meanwhile, a team has a high possibility of obtaining the same results when the difference in total shots and overall QD reaches certain intervals, which can be used to predict game outcomes in the future.

Recycled crustal components have been widely identified in the source of continental basalts with geochemical features similar to oceanic island basalts (OIBs). However, the mechanism of how these recycled materials are involved remains highly debatable. Here we conduct comprehensive geochemical analyses (including whole-rock, olivine, and melt inclusion) and numerical modeling on Late Cretaceous Ji’an basalts from South China interior, aiming to investigate the possible role of recycled crustal components in basalt petrogenesis driven by the subducted paleo-Pacific oceanic plate. The Ji’an basalts show geochemical characteristics akin to OIBs and have depleted asthenospheric mantle-like Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopic compositions with moderately radiogenic Os. Their olivine-hosted melt inclusions have low H2O and highly negative δD values and olivine phenocrysts are mainly characterized by depletion of 18O with δ18O values lowering to 3.9‰. These features are consistent with positive Sr and Eu anomalies in some whole-rock samples. The combined geochemical data suggest that the primary magmas were derived from an asthenospheric mantle enriched by melts from an altered gabbroic oceanic crust, which had experienced intensive dehydration. Further numerical modeling shows that melting of the dehydrated oceanic crust can occur along the torn flank of the subducting lithosphere, in the case that the slab is strongly thinned and fractured. The low δ18O preserved in olivine and the estimated slab age (

For better airport planning and air traffic management, local airport authority in a multi-airport region (MAR) often needs to consider the impacts of competition and collaboration with nearby airports on its own airport traffic. This paper proposed a dynamic spatial panel regression model to test the regional effects on airports in a MAR. The proposed model is applied to four closely situated airports in the Pearl River Delta region (PRD), China, to analyze their interactions, identify the determining factors, and evaluate the impact of these factors on airport capacity. PRD is one of the most prosperous areas in Asia, and competition among the four airports has intensified, due, in part, to the rapid growth of Guangzhou airport and Shenzhen airport. Together with the fact that Hong Kong airport reached 98% of its runway capacity in 2016, it is of great interest to understand the interactions among the airports in this region. The findings show that airport degree, flight frequency, airport capacity utilization, income, population, GDP, and fuel price are significant factors affecting airport’s capacity. Furthermore, there is a spatially lagged effect in income and population, and a time-lagged effect in airport capacity, GDP, and fuel price.

Exosomes are membranous lipid vesicles fused with intracellular multicellular bodies and then released into the extracellular environment. They contain various bioactive substances, including proteins, mRNA, miRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs, lipids, transcription factors, and cytokine receptors. Under certain conditions, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) can differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and biological functions. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC-Exos) in osteology, exploring different sources of exosomes to improve bone microenvironment and resist bone metastasis. We also provided new ideas for the prevention and rehabilitation of human diseases by exosomes.

The Mesozoic tectono-magmatism in SE China has widely been considered to relate to subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Ocean. However, there lacks robust petrologic and geochemical evidence from subduction-related mafic igneous rocks to reconstruct the architecture of the subduction zone. This paper presents a comprehensive geochemical dataset (petrography, mineral chemistry, zircon U-Pb age, in-situ Sr and Pb isotope compositions of plagioclase and whole-rock major, trace element and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotope data) of three early Cretaceous (Pingtan, Daiqianshan and Quanzhou) mafic intrusions from the coastal region in SE China, with aims to understand their petrogenetic link with subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Ocean. The mafic rocks comprise predominantly calcic hornblende and Ca-rich plagioclase and show varying degrees of crystal accumulation. Petrological observations and mass balance calculation indicate their parental magmas are hydrous and calc-alkaline with typical arc-type trace element features. These rocks are also characterized by “crust-like” isotopic signatures, i.e., moderately radiogenic Sr, unradiogenic Nd and highly radiogenic Pb compositions. The narrow variations of in-situ plagioclase Sr and Pb isotope ratios and the nearly identical isotope compositions between the plagioclase and bulk rock in each intrusion indicate a minor role of crustal assimilation during magmatic evolution. Instead, such “crust-like” isotopic signatures were largely resulted from source enrichment through an input of subducted sediment. Further element-isotopic modeling results suggest that the parental magmas were likely produced by melting of a depleted mantle source metasomatized via the subducted sediment-derived melt. Generation of the early Cretaceous mafic intrusions can thus be explained by subduction of a relatively hot oceanic slab, during which melt derived from the subducted sediment acted as a predominant agent to enrich the mantle wedge. Our results provide powerful petrological and geochemical constraints on the early Cretaceous subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Ocean beneath the SE China and suggest that addition of subducted sediment-derived melt may be an important mechanism for mantle enrichment in relatively hot subduction zones.

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is considered to be the primary reason for low back pain (LBP), which has become more prevalent from 21 century, causing an enormous economic burden for society. However, in spite of remarkable improvements in the basic research of IVD degeneration (IVDD), the effects of clinical treatments of IVDD are still leaving much to be desired. Accumulating evidence has proposed the existence of endogenous stem/progenitor cells in the IVD that possess the ability of proliferation and differentiation. However, few studies have reported the biological properties and potential application of IVD progenitor cells in detail. Even so, these stem/progenitor cells have been consumed as a promising cell source for the regeneration of damaged IVD. In this review, we will first introduce IVD, describe its physiology and stem/progenitor cell niche, and characterize IVDSPCs between homeostasis and IVD degeneration. We will then summarize recent studies on endogenous IVDSPC-based IVD regeneration and exogenous cell-based therapy for IVDD. Finally, we will discuss the potential applications and future developments of IVDSPC-based repair of IVD degeneration.

BackgroundCancer risks vary in different BRCA1/2 mutations. Previous studies based on Caucasian population have identified regions associated with elevated/reduced risks of breast/ovarian cancers. Since ethnic differences are known to affect BRCA1/2 mutation spectra, we are interested in defining Chinese-specific ovarian/breast cancer cluster regions (OCCR/BCCR) and comparing with previously reported Caucasian-based cluster regions. We also aim to characterize the distribution and estimate the cancer risks of different Chinese recurrent mutations.Methods7,919 (3,641 unselected cancer-free women + 4,278 female cancer patients) individuals were included in the study. Germline BRCA1/2 status were detected with amplicon-based next-generation sequencing. BRCA1/2 carriers were defined as bearing likely pathogenic or pathogenic mutations. We calculated odds ratio (OR) of breast cancer and OR of ovarian cancer, and their ratio of the two ORs (ROR) for each region. ROR > 1 indicated elevated odds of breast cancer and/or decreasing odds of ovarian cancer; ROR < 1 indicated increasing odds of ovarian cancer and/or decreasing breast cancer odds. The frequency, distribution and penetrance of six known Chinese founder mutations were characterize respectively. Haplotype analysis and age estimation were performed on the most prevalent and widely-spread founder mutation BRCA1:c.5470_5477del.ResultsA total of 729 subjects were detected with germline BRCA1/2 deleterious mutations, including 236 BRCA1 and 122 BRCA2 mutations. The putative Chinese OCCR/BCCR are partially overlapped with Caucasian-based OCCR/BCCR and shared structural-functional characteristics. The six known Chinese founder mutations vary greatly in both distribution and penetrance. The two most prevalent and widely-spread mutations are estimated to convey low penetrance, while the area-restricted founder mutations seemed to confer higher or nearly complete penetrance. The most prevalent founder mutation BRCA1:c.5470_5477del accounting for 9.5% - 18% of BRCA1 carriers is estimated to have emerged ∼2,090 years ago (70 B.C.) during the Han Dynasty, about 290 years (∼14.5 generations) prior to the Three Kingdoms Period when a major population migration occurred.ConclusionBRCA1/2 carriers with different genotypes have significantly different cancer risks. Hence ideally risk assessment should be mutation-specific, rather than concerning a single figure. The probably most ancient Chinese founder mutation may have originated more than 2,000 years ago.

We conducted in situ geochemical (major-, trace-element and Nd isotope compositions) analyses on apatite, together with whole-rock geochemistry from gabbro, granodiorite and granite in the Cretaceous Pingtan intrusive complex (SE China), aiming to investigate the roles of magmatic evolution and post-crystallization hydrothermal activity during its formation. Regardless of limited range in initial Nd isotopes ranges in both bulk rock [ɛNd(t) = − 2.0 to − 0.4] and associated apatite [ɛNd(t) = − 3.8 to − 0.4] from the Pingtan igneous complex, the apatite shows wide compositional and textural variations from gabbro to granite. Apatite from the gabbro (Group 1) displays a zoning structure characterized by increasing F and Sr but decreasing Cl and LREE from the core to rim. The increase of Sr from the core to rim is attributed to plagioclase accumulation, and the decreases of LREE and Cl from the core to rim is caused by post-crystallization hydrothermal activity. The high Cl content in the primitive Group 1 apatite further suggests derivation of the mafic magma from a mantle wedge metasomatized by Cl-rich sediment. In contrast, apatite from the granite (Group 2) has the lowest Cl and Sr but the highest F and Yb contents, which can be further divided into two subgroups of Group 2A and 2B based on texture and composition. Group 2A apatite shows homogenous composition with trace elements similar to apatite from I-type granite. The positive correlation between Sr and Eu/Eu* indicates that crystallization of Group 2A apatite is co-precipitated with a feldspar-dominated fractionation. However, Group 2B apatite contains mineral inclusion of monazite and has the highest U content and F/Cl ratio, resembling apatite from S-type or highly fractionated I-type granite. These features are consistent with the influence of post-crystallization hydrothermal activity. Apatite from the granodiorite (Group 3) has an intermediate composition between Group 1 and 2A apatite and shows a homogenous texture with trace element features similar to that from I-type granite. Group 3 apatite defined a negative correlation of Sr with La/Yb, which is attributed to fractional crystallization of hornblende and plagioclase. The geochemistry of apatite indicates that the gabbro and granitic rocks of the Pingtan intrusive complex were, respectively, derived from the mantle and crustal sources with similar ɛNd(t) values. Our study, therefore, demonstrates that apatite geochemistry has a potential to monitor the magma source, magmatic evolution and post-crystallization fluid activity of an igneous complex.

Objective To investigate the BRCA status in Chinese patients with ovarian cancer (OC). Though there were two large prevalence studies in Chinese OC patients, this was the first time to observe it in healthy controls. Methods We performed BRCA mutation screening using next-generation sequencing to determine the prevalence of BRCA germline deleterious mutations in an unselected cohort of Chinese OC patients (n = 1331) versus healthy controls (n = 1763) and describe the types and spectrum of BRCA deleterious variants. Results Among the 1331 patients with OC, 227 (17.1%) carried deleterious variants in BRCA1 and 70 (5.3%) carried deleterious variants in BRCA2. Of 1763 control subjects, 6 (0.3%) and 2 (0.1%) had deleterious variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2. No patient carried mutations in both BRCA1 and BRCA2 simultaneously. Sixty-three novel mutations were identified, and three Chinese specific hot-spot mutations were notified as BRCA1 c.5470_5477delATTGGGCA, BRCA1 c.981_982delAT, and BRCA1 c.3770_3771delAG. Interestingly, all these high-frequency recurrent mutations were distributed on exon 10, which may also be the Chinese OC BRCA mutations' distinct characteristics. In addition, in our study, the estimated odds ratio (OR) of OC associated with BRCA1 positive variants were approximately 34.6 (95% CI, 12.5–95.7) in age group under 40 and 42.4 (95% CI, 5.9–305.2) in group older than 50 in the Chinese population, respectively. Conclusions We recommend BRCA testing to all Chinese OC patients and those general Chinese who have family members with hereditary breast and ovarian related cancer (HBOC)-related cancers. Variants carriers would not only benefit from early prevention of OC but also for the medical management.

Motivation A variety of in silico tools have been developed and frequently used to aid high-throughput rapid variant classification, but their performances vary, and their ability to classify variants of uncertain significance were not systemically assessed previously due to lack of validation data. This has been changed recently by advances of functional assays, where functional impact of genetic changes can be measured in single-nucleotide resolution using saturation genome editing (SGE) assay. Results We demonstrated the neural network model AIVAR (Artificial Intelligent VARiant classifier) was highly comparable to human experts on multiple verified datasets. Although highly accurate on known variants, AIVAR together with CADD and PhyloP showed non-significant concordance with SGE function scores. Moreover, our results indicated that neural network model trained from functional assay data may not produce accurate prediction on known variants. Availability and implementation All source code of AIVAR is deposited and freely available at https://github.com/TopGene/AIvar. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

The Mesozoic South China is characterized by extensive magmatism, transition from Jurassic intraplate magmatism to Cretaceous active continental margin magmatism. However, the time and deep geodynamic processes accounting for the Mesozoic magmatism remains controversial. In this study, we presented new SIMS zircon U Pb ages, in-situ Sr isotope of plagioclase, whole-rock geochemical and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic data on three suites of mafic dikes in eastern Guangdong, namely Anliu (AL) and Sanjiaowo (SJW) and Jishuimen (JSM) mafic dikes. The AL (154.3 ± 3.4 Ma) and SJW (141.3 ± 4.0 Ma and 143.2 ± 2.3 Ma) dikes show arc-like geochemistry and “crust-like” isotopic signatures, likely derived from partial melting of a subduction metasomatized lithospheric mantle. Meanwhile, the JSM dikes (141.7 ± 3.2 Ma) exhibit OIB-type geochemical and isotopic features, and were likely derived from partial melting of an enriched asthenospheric mantle. The development of late Jurassic AL lamprophyre may represent the oldest Paleo-Pacific subduction-related arc-type mafic rocks so far recorded in South China. Development of dikes (SJW vs JSM) with different geochemical signatures (Arc vs OIB) at the same time within a limited space indicates that asthenosphere-related process overprint and co-operate with subduction-related magmatism and imply the initiation of Paleo-Pacific subduction roll-back was potentially at least ca.141 Ma.

The aviation industry was the catalyst for the economic development of advanced cities, and there has been a close relationship between the development of cities' aviation industries and economic indexes. Researchers have long been interested in investigating which economic factors affect the passenger and cargo volumes of airports. By leveraging statistical analysis, most existing research only indicates the significant factors affecting aviation networks and quantifies the positive or negative relationship between those factors and aviation passenger volume. However, it is difficult to envisage how the degree of changes in economic factors affects aviation networks, especially passenger and cargo volume. This paper utilizes Bayesian network analysis to bridge this gap. The airport-level data collected from OAG was combined with city- or country-level economic data that are exploited to build the Bayesian network. We find that GDP and inflation directly influence passenger and cargo volume, while fuel prices directly influence only cargo volume. Both networks change with time, indicating that evolving external economic factors influence the network. This study is the pioneer in using Bayesian network analysis to analyze aviation networks. We identify how airport passenger and cargo volumes change with respect to different degrees of economic factors change. In addition, the Bayesian network exhibits the output in a probabilistic way to fully address the uncertainty worldwide. The findings could potentially facilitate policymakers’ decisions to improve global aviation network development.

Both Cretaceous arc-type and intraplate rocks are widely distributed in SE China, in association with subduction of the paleo-Pacific Plate. However, it remains unclear whether there exists a genetic link between the intraplate and subduction-related magmatism. Here we conduct a comprehensive geochemical data compilation, sorting and processing of the Cretaceous mafic igneous rocks from SE China, in combination with a 2-D numerical simulation on slab melting, to further decipher the petrogenetic relationship between the arc-type and intraplate magmatism under a unified tectonic framework invoking subduction and rollback-tearing of the paleo-Pacific Ocean. The Cretaceous arc-type mafic rocks (120–80 Ma) include eruptive and intrusive rocks, distributing along the coastal region in a NE-NNE direction. After parent magma compositional recalculation of the mafic intrusions, the results indicate that both the eruptive and intrusive arc-type mafic rocks are hydrous calc-alkaline basalts, with enrichments in large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and light rare earth elements (LREEs) but depletions in high field strength elements (HFSEs), crust-like Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopic compositions, and low Lu/Hf ratios. All these features are typical of igneous rocks formed in a continental arc. The combined data suggest their mantle source was mainly metasomatized by melts derived from the subducted terrestrial sediments and reflect a relatively hot subduction zone during Cretaceous. The intraplate mafic rocks (110–70 Ma) distribute in SE China interior and generally show trace element geochemistry similar to oceanic island basalt (OIB, hereafter we term them as OIB-like basalts). They can be further divided into two groups: high-Nb (Nb > 50 ppm) and low-Nb (Nb From the arc-type to low-Nb and ultimately to high-Nb mafic rocks, increases of Nb, Nb/LILE and Nb/REE ratios are coupled with more depleted Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopic features, reflecting the occurrence of melting from the upper subducted sediment to the lower oceanic mafic crust that had experienced extensive dehydration. Further thermodynamic modelling results show that melting of the dehydrated slab can occur along the torn surface and lower part of the oceanic crust, once the slab is strongly thinned and fractured in response to tearing and fragmentation. In combination with the contemporaneous sedimentary records in SE China, the Cretaceous mafic magmatism provided geochemical records of tectonic transition from early Cretaceous advanced subduction to late Cretaceous rollback of the paleo-Pacific slab, during which slab tearing or fragmentation and the resultant melting of the dehydrated subducted slab acted as a predominant agent for mantle enrichment.

Eastern China is characterized by widespread Mesozoic magmatism that was closely related to subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate, but the genetic relationship between magmatism and subduction is not always clear. The Jiangnan Orogenic Belt (JOB) is a Neoproterozoic collisional belt between the Yangtze and Cathaysian blocks. Early Cretaceous felsic magmas from the Tianmushan basin in the eastern JOB form a > 3000 m thick volcanic sequence erupted within an extremely short period of time (132–130 Ma). These rocks are potassic (K2O = 3.86–6.05%) and peraluminous (A/CNK = 1.0–1.23), and are compositionally similar to experimental melts derived from predominantly clay-poor and K-rich metasediments or granodiorites at crustal conditions. They are LILE- and LREE-enriched ((La/Yb)CN = 9.0–14.6) and display variable Eu anomalies and Nb–Ta depletion. The weakly variable and negative whole-rock eNd(t) (− 5.4 to − 2.5) and heterogeneous zircon eHf(t) values (− 6.7 to + 3.5) of these rocks are similar to those of basement rocks beneath the JOB, suggesting a genetic relationship with basement. No magmas with clear subduction-related composition occurred at this time in the area and the compositions of the potassic rocks more closely resemble high-temperature melts of extensively thinned crust in continental rift environments. Our data favors a model that the Early Cretaceous potassic magmas formed as subduction of the Pacific–Izanagi ridge resulted in upwelling asthenosphere, providing the high temperatures required to extensively melt the lower-middle crust in the eastern JOB.

Both early Cretaceous ocean island basalt (OIB)-type and subduction-related arc-type mafic magmatism occurred in coastal region of SE China. However, whether there existed a genetic relationship between the OIB-type magmatism and contemporary subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Ocean remains unclear. Here we present a comprehensive geochemical dataset of the Liucheng dolerite sill (~108 Ma) from coastal SE China, with aims to investigate the possible genetic link between them. The dolerite displays OIB-like trace element features and contains moderately radiogenic Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf and light Ca isotopic compositions. The nearly identical Sr-Pb isotopes between plagioclase and bulk rock indicate a minor role of crustal assimilation during magmatic evolution. The remarkable positive Ba anomalies, similar Sr and Pb isotopic compositions to the contemporary arc-type mafic rocks and light Ca isotopes suggest a source modified by recycled sediments. Additionally, the low La/Nb and Zr/Nb ratios indicate the involvement of an oceanic crust component that experienced dehydration and metamorphism to retain rutile. Further element-isotopic modeling suggests derivation of the parental magma from the asthenospheric mantle source that had been metasomatized by melts from both sediments and mafic oceanic crust. Considering that SE China was mainly influenced by subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Ocean during late Mesozoic, the subducting Paleo-Pacific slab was therefore the most likely candidate for such recycled components. Interaction of the melts from the recycled oceanic slab with the asthenospheric mantle, possibly as a consequence of rollback and tearing of the subducting Paleo-Pacific slab, formed the OIB-type source of the Liucheng dolerite sill.

The petrogenesis of high-μ (HIMU, μ = 238U/204Pb) basalt in a continental setting remains highly controversial. Here we present a comprehensive geochemical (including major and trace elements and isotopic compositions of whole-rock, olivine and melt inclusions) data on Jurassic HIMU-like basalts from the interior (Antang) of South China. This study identified high-H2O (up to 5.0 wt%) olivine-hosted melt inclusions in these basalts. After stripping off the effects of degassing, post-entrapment crystallization and kinetic diffusion, the primary magma of the Antang basalts was estimated to contain ≥2.65 wt% H2O and the corresponding mantle source contains >1000 ppm H2O, which is much higher than the water content of convecting asthenosphere and lower mantle. In addition, the relative depletion of fluid-mobile elements and positive Nb-Ta anomalies in bulk rocks and melt inclusions, and the distance far away from the contemporaneous paleo-Pacific subduction zone, preclude an origin from a slab fluid-metasomatized mantle. The strong depletion of CaO in both olivine phenocrysts and whole-rock compositions further indicates that the basaltic magmas originated from an eclogitic or pyroxenitic mantle source. The combined geochemical data suggest that the Antang basalts were most likely derived from a hydrous source, which was composed mainly of ancient recycled oceanic crust that had stagnated in the mantle transition zone (MTZ) for more than one billion years. Our results therefore provide a new perspective on the MTZ origin of intracontinental basalts and imply that the hydrous MTZ can preserve recycled crustal components for long periods of time and form distinct mantle reservoirs for intraplate basalts.