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Abstract Tinnitus has been identified as a potential contributor to anxiety. Thalamo-cortical pathway plays a crucial role in the transmission of auditory and emotional information, but its casual link to tinnitus-associated anxiety remains unclear. In this study, we explore the neural activities in the thalamus and cortex of the sodium salicylate (NaSal)-treated mice, which exhibit both hyperacusis and anxiety-like behaviors. We find an increase in gamma band oscillations (GBO) in both auditory cortex (AC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC), as well as phase-locking between cortical GBO and thalamic neural activity. These changes are attributable to a suppression of GABAergic neuron activity in thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN), and optogenetic activation of TRN reduces NaSal-induced hyperacusis and anxiety-like behaviors. The elevation of endocannabinoid (eCB)/ cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) transmission in TRN contributes to the NaSal-induced abnormalities. Our results highlight the regulative role of TRN in the auditory and limbic thalamic-cortical pathways.

The three large irrigation schemes, namely Bojili, Xiaokaihe and Handun irrigation scheme, in Binzhou City of Shandong Province include in the pilot list of digital twin irrigation schemes by the Ministry of Water Resoucres. This paper systemically introduced the overall design structure of digital twin irrigation scheme for the three large irrigation schemes, as well as the construction components and technical approaches for the digital twin irrigation development in the three irrigation schemes, including, data base, vertical monitoring system, canal automation, models, support system and management platform, etc. The construction of the digital twin irrigation schemes in the three large irrigation schemes in Binzhou City is based on the existing information system. The total investment has reach more than 42.8 million RMB Yuan, and the major part of the pilot project has completed and put into use successfully and received good application results. The application of water schedule model could reduce planning time by 60% and saving water by 6%, and canal automation could save labor by 40%. With the further development, updating and application of the digital twin irrigation technology in the three large irrigation schemes, irrigation water management can be further improved by increasing digital, intelligent and precise management, which will contribute to high quality and sustainable development of irrigation schemes.

Abstract Migraine exhibits a substantial prevalence worldwide. The current diagnostic criteria rests exclusively on clinical characteristics without any objective and reliable means. The calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP), as a biomarker for distinguishing migraine, undergoes swift degradation, featuring a half‐life of under 10 min, which poses a significant challenge to the point‐of‐care testing of CGRP in clinical application. Here, a photonic crystal (PC)‐based biochip has been developed to detect CGRP via the fluorescence competition assay. The chip integrates the functionalities of fluorescence enhancement and hydrophilic–hydrophobic patterning enrichment, enabling rapid and sensitive detection of CGRP. After investigating the optimal enhancement distance of fluorescence near PCs, the chip allows CGRP detection using

Mammalian lung development starts from a specific cluster of endodermal cells situated within the ventral foregut region. With the orchestrating of delicate choreography of transcription factors, signaling pathways, and cell–cell communications, the endodermal diverticulum extends into the surrounding mesenchyme, and builds the cellular and structural basis of the complex respiratory system. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current molecular insights of mammalian lung development, with a particular focus on the early stage of lung cell fate differentiation and spatial patterning. Furthermore, we explore the implications of several congenital respiratory diseases and the relevance to early organogenesis. Finally, we summarize the unprecedented knowledge concerning lung cell compositions, regulatory networks as well as the promising prospect for gaining an unbiased understanding of lung development and lung malformations through state-of-the-art single-cell omics.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the determination uncertainty of four quinolones residues in honey by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS/MS）. Methods: Based on GB 31657.2—2021, a mathematical model for sources of uncertainty evaluation was established. The uncertainty of each variable which affect the result were calculated and the weight of each uncertainty component was assessed. Results: The uncertainties in the determination of enrofloxacin, sarafloxacin, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in honey were （4.97±0.81）, （10.13±1.58）, （7.67±1.23）, （14.97±2.25） μg/kg （P=95%，k=2） respectively. Conclusion: The main influencing factors of the determination uncertainty were preparation and dilution process of standard solution and fitting of standard curve, which should be controlled in practical work.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 /TLR9 agonists, Pam2CSK4 (Pam) and CpG ODN (CpG) on mice infected with Acinetobacter baumannii (Ab) in the lungs. Methods Female C57 mice (6~8 weeks old) were randomly divided into PBS, Pam, CpG and Pam+CpG groups. In 24 h after intranasal immunization with different doses of the corresponding agonists, the mice were given a lethal dose of Ab infection in the lungs, and the survival rates of the mice were observed. A sublethal dose lung infection model of Ab was then established, and the bacterial colonization in the blood, lungs, liver, kidneys and spleen was measured respectively in the mice after infection. HE staining was used to observe the pathological damages in the lungs and kidneys. The protective effect of the agonists in the immunized mice against Ab was examined at 1, 3 and 7 d after immunization to explore the protective time window. Pam+CpG was used to stimulate A549 cells and RAW264.7 cells to investigate the killing or phagocytic effects on Ab. Results Compared to PBS, Pam+CpG treatment significantly improved the survival rate of the mice after a lethal dose of Ab lung infection (P

Objective: To establish a HPLC method for simultaneous determination of rutin, hyperoside, quercetin in Xiang lotus. Methods: The HPLC method was performed on an Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 m) with gradient elution of methanol and 0.6% phosphoric acid solution. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃ and the detection wavelength was set at 255 nm. Results: The contents of rutin, hypericin and quercetin in 20 batches of lotus samples were 1.32~2.06, 1.36~2.43, 1.41~3.26 mg/kg, respectively. The linear range of the concentration of rutin, hypericin and quercetin was 5~200 g/mL (R2=0.999 9), the three flavonoids showed a good linearity, a high sensitivity, and good serviceability. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for precision, stability, repeatability, and recoveries test were all less than 4.0%, and the average recovery rate of added standard were 96.6%, 96.9%, 97.4%, respecitvely. Conclusion: The method is convenient and accurate, and can be used for the content determination and quality evaluation of flavonoids in Xiang lotus.

C24H24I2O2, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 11.128(2) Å, b = 5.7775(12) Å, c = 17.607(4) Å, β = 98.87(3)°, V = 1118.4(4) Å3, Z = 2, R gt(F) = 0.0246, wR ref(F 2) = 0.0537, T = 296(2) K.

Abstract Artificial photosynthesis is a promising strategy for efficient hydrogen peroxide production, but the poor directional charge transfer from bulk to active sites restricts the overall photocatalytic efficiency. To address this, a new process of dipole field-driven spontaneous polarization in nitrogen-rich triazole-based carbon nitride (C3N5) to harness photogenerated charge kinetics for hydrogen peroxide production is constructed. Here, C3N5 achieves a hydrogen peroxide photosynthesis rate of 3809.5 µmol g−1 h−1 and a 2e− transfer selectivity of 92% under simulated sunlight and ultrasonic forces. This high performance is attributed to the introduction of rich nitrogen active sites of the triazole ring in C3N5, which brings a dipole field. This dipole field induces a spontaneous polarization field to accelerate a rapid directional electron transfer process to nitrogen active sites and therefore induces Pauling-type adsorption of oxygen through an indirect 2e− transfer pathway to form hydrogen peroxide. This innovative concept using a dipole field to harness the migration and transport of photogenerated carriers provides a new route to improve photosynthesis efficiency via structural engineering.

At this stage, along with the rapid development of science and information technology, the era of artificial intelligence is gradually coming. This topic takes the travelogue text of leisure sports and rural tourism as the research object, uses the improved TF-IDF algorithm for keyword extraction, and analyzes tourists’ image perception of leisure sports and rural tourism. Then, we combine the tourists’ perceptions with the selection of relevant variables, set the fixed effect and moderating effect models, and use the OLS method to carry out regression analysis and heterogeneity analysis to verify the role of artificial intelligence in the development of leisure sports and rural tourism. The perception of tourist attractions (48.33%) and tourist facilities (20.87%) in leisure sports and rural tourism was the most impressive to tourists. It confirms that AI has a significant inverted “U”-shaped effect on the development of leisure sports and rural tourism. The development of leisure sports and rural tourism should conform to the new pattern of “AI+Sports Tourism”, highlight the “characteristics” of leisure sports and rural tourism, and let “AI+” become a “help” for the development of leisure sports and rural tourism. Let “Artificial Intelligence+” become a booster for the development of leisure sports and rural tourism.

In this paper, a decision model for grid fault diagnosis based on multi-source information fusion is established, and the probability of component fault is obtained by using the change of switching quantity characteristic information and electrical quantity characteristic information during grid fault, and the static fault degree obtained by switching quantity information and the voltage and current energy distortion degree and fault degree obtained by electrical quantity information is used as independent evidence bodies, which are fused by improved D-S evidence fusion technique, and the fused The results are decided by improved fuzzy C-mean decision model to finally determine the fault components. Then, the optimal control of the grid is studied, and the corresponding self-healing control model is established according to the different operating conditions of the system so as to propose a self-healing control strategy of the microgrid based on the improved particle swarm algorithm. After analysis and verification, the accuracy of the grid fault diagnosis method proposed in this paper reaches 0.9681, and the diagnosis results are consistent with the pre-defined fault elements compared with FCM. The system network loss decreases from 0.146 kW to 0.031 kW, and the maximum power supply capacity increases from 1.574 to 2.468 after using the improved particle swarm algorithm-based microgrid self-healing control strategy. Therefore, the method in this paper can improve the reliability of grid operation and resist the risk of accidents.

This paper first explores the basic process and characteristics of the intelligent algorithm, calculates its fitness function after setting and initializing the intelligent algorithm population, and iterates continuously to obtain a satisfactory optimal solution on the basis of the initialized stochastic solution. Then the optimization of the firefly algorithm is studied. After initializing the firefly population, the random attraction model and the probability factor are introduced to optimize the algorithm. Then, the power scheduling intelligent agent strategy is studied in depth, and the structure and operation process of the intelligent agent operation strategy is determined, as well as its application areas are studied. Finally, the effect of grid load forecasting by power dispatching intelligent agents is analyzed and compared before and after the application of intelligent agent operation strategy in the power system. In terms of grid load prediction accuracy, the actual and prediction errors are basically between 0.02-0.16, which is very close to the actual value. In terms of user satisfaction, the previous user satisfaction was basically 0.75-0.8, and the maximum satisfaction was basically increased to more than 0.9 after applying the intelligent agent operation strategy. The intelligent agent operation strategy based on an intelligent optimization algorithm can effectively dispatch the power system and improve user satisfaction.

Abstract Background Neuroinflammation has been identified as one of the primary pathogenic factors of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE). However, there are no dedicated treatments available in clinics to alleviate neuroinflammation in NPSLE. It has been proposed that stimulating basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic neurons may provide potent anti-inflammatory effects in several inflammatory diseases, but its potential role in NPSLE remains unexplored. This study aims to investigate whether and how stimulating BF cholinergic neurons has a protective effect on NPSLE. Results Optogenetic stimulation of BF cholinergic neurons significantly ameliorated olfactory dysfunction and anxiety- and depression-like phenotype in pristane induced lupus (PIL) mice. The increased expression of adhesion molecules (P-selectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1)), leukocyte recruitment, blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage were significantly decreased. Notably, the brain histopathological changes, including the elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β), IgG deposition in the choroid plexus and lateral ventricle wall and lipofuscin accumulation in the cortical and hippocampal neurons, were also significantly attenuated. Furthermore, we confirmed the colocalization between the BF cholinergic projections and the cerebral vessels, and the expression of α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) on the cerebral vessels. Conclusion Our data indicate that stimulation of BF cholinergic neurons could play a neuroprotective role in the brain through its cholinergic anti-inflammatory effects on cerebral vessels. Therefore, this may be a promising preventive target for NPSLE.

Background Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is a pathway designed to improve the care of surgical patients and achieve early recovery. The clinical outcomes and usage of key elements of ERAS pathways in total joint arthroplasty (TJA) need further reanalysis. This article aims to provide an overview of the latest clinical outcomes and current usage of key elements of ERAS pathways in TJA. Methods We undertook a systematic review of the PubMed, OVID, and EMBASE databases in February 2022. Studies investigating the clinical outcomes and usage of key elements of ERAS in TJA were included. The components of successful ERAS programs and their usage were further determined and discussed. Results Twenty‐four studies involving 216,708 patients assessed ERAS pathways for TJA. A total of 95.8% (23/24) of studies reported a reduced length of stay (LOS), followed by reduce overall opioid consumption or pain (87.5% [7/8]), save costs (85.7% [6/7]), improvements in patient‐reported outcomes or functional recovery (60% [6/10]), and reduced incidence of complications (50% [5/10]). In addition, preoperative patient education (79.2% [19/24]), anesthetic protocol (54.2% [13/24]), use of local anesthetics for infiltration analgesia or nerve blocks (79.2% [19/24]), perioperative oral analgesia (66.7% [16/24]), perioperative surgical factors including reduced use of tourniquets and drains (41.7% [10/24]), use of tranexamic acid (41.7% [10/24]) and early mobilization (100% [24/24]) were contemporary comparatively “active” components of ERAS. Conclusions ERAS for TJA has favorable clinical outcomes in terms of reducing LOS and overall pain, saving costs, accelerating functional recovery, and reducing complications, although the evidence is still low in quality. In the current clinical scenario, only some “active” components of the ERAS program are widely used.

Abstract Background Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) can cause lipid disorders in infants and have long-term adverse effects on their growth and development. Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum), a kind of emerging probiotics, has been reported to effectively attenuate lipid metabolism dysfunctions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of C. butyricum supplementation on hepatic lipid disorders in IUGR suckling piglets. Methods Sixteen IUGR and eight normal birth weight (NBW) neonatal male piglets were used in this study. From d 3 to d 24, in addition to drinking milk, the eight NBW piglets (NBW-CON group, n = 8) and eight IUGR piglets (IUGR-CON group, n = 8) were given 10 mL sterile saline once a day, while the remaining IUGR piglets (IUGR-CB group, n = 8) were orally administered C. butyricum at a dose of 2 × 108 colony-forming units (CFU)/kg body weight (suspended in 10 mL sterile saline) at the same frequency. Results The IUGR-CON piglets exhibited restricted growth, impaired hepatic morphology, disordered lipid metabolism, increased abundance of opportunistic pathogens and altered ileum and liver bile acid (BA) profiles. However, C. butyricum supplementation reshaped the gut microbiota of the IUGR-CB piglets, characterized by a decreased abundance of opportunistic pathogens in the ileum, including Streptococcus and Enterococcus. The decrease in these bile salt hydrolase (BSH)-producing microbes increased the content of conjugated BAs, which could be transported to the liver and function as signaling molecules to activate liver X receptor α (LXRα) and farnesoid X receptor (FXR). This activation effectively accelerated the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids and down-regulated the total cholesterol level by decreasing the synthesis and promoting the efflux of cholesterol. As a result, the growth performance and morphological structure of the liver improved in the IUGR piglets. Conclusion These results indicate that C. butyricum supplementation in IUGR suckling piglets could decrease the abundance of BSH-producing microbes (Streptococcus and Enterococcus). This decrease altered the ileum and liver BA profiles and consequently activated the expression of hepatic LXRα and FXR. The activation of these two signaling molecules could effectively normalize the lipid metabolism and improve the growth performance of IUGR suckling piglets.

Abstract Background The pristane-induced lupus (PIL) model is a useful tool for studying environmental-related systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, neuropsychiatric manifestations in this model have not been investigated in detail. Because neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE) is an important complication of SLE, we investigated the neuropsychiatric symptoms in the PIL mouse model to evaluate its suitability for NPSLE studies. Results PIL mice showed olfactory dysfunction accompanied by an anxiety- and depression-like phenotype at month 2 or 4 after pristane injection. The levels of cytokines (IL-1β, IFN-α, IFN-β, IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-17A) and chemokines (CCL2 and CXCL10) in the brain and blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability increased significantly from week 2 or month 1, and persisted throughout the observed course of the disease. Notably, IgG deposition in the choroid plexus and lateral ventricle wall were observed at month 1 and both astrocytes and microglia were activated. Persistent activation of astrocytes was detected throughout the observed course of the disease, while microglial activation diminished dramatically at month 4. Lipofuscin deposition, a sign of neuronal damage, was detected in cortical and hippocampal neurons from month 4 to 8. Conclusion PIL mice exhibit a series of characteristic behavioral deficits and pathological changes in the brain, and therefore might be suitable for investigating disease pathogenesis and for evaluating potential therapeutic targets for environmental-related NPSLE.

Abstract Background Paliperidone is a second-generation antipsychotic agent that is effective in the treatment of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder as well as an adjunct to mood stabilizers and antidepressants for bipolar and depressive disorders. Paliperidone is available in both oral and injection forms. Here we report an unexpected case of cutaneous allergic reaction induced by paliperidone long-acting injection (LAI) following oral tolerance. Case presentation A 55-year-old man with first episode delusional disorder was treated with paliperidone tablets with tolerance. On day seven he received the paliperidone LAI and developed an allergic reaction in minutes including flushing of the face, widespread urticaria with mild airway constriction. The allergic symptoms were relived following the administration of antihistamine within several minutes. Conclusion The allergic reaction that occurred post administration of the paliperidone LAI but not the oral tablets suggest it is likely due to the excipients in the formulation of the LAI rather than paliperidone itself. This case highlights the necessity of monitoring allergic reactions in psychiatric patients when converting from oral to LAI format of paliperidone.

【Objective】 Reference evapotranspiration (ET0) measures the potential water loss from soils in terrestrial systems. It varies with a multitude of factors and can be calculated by different methods. In this paper, we compared ET0 calculated by five methods for regions with incomplete meteorological data across Gansu province in northwestern China. 【Method】 We divided the province into four regions: arid area in Hexi (Region I), semi-arid area in northern Longzhong (Region II), semi-humid area in southern Longzhong (Region III), and humid area in Longnan and Gannan (Region IV). The reference evapotranspiration in each region was calculated using the Hargreaves-Samani (Har), the FAO-24 Penman (24PM), the FAO 1948 Penman (48PM), the Makkink (Mak), and the Priestley Taylor (PT) methods, respectively. For each method, we calculated the daily ET0 based on data measured from 1980 to 2019 from 26 meteorological stations across the province. The accuracy and robustness of each method for each region was tested against that estimated using the FAO-56 penman Monteith (P-M) method. 【Result】 ET0 calculated from different methods varied, though the variation depended on region. The results calculated from the Har and Mak methods were correlated with that from the P-M method with the correlation coefficients close to unity, despite that the Har method was less accurate for high altitude regions. The results estimated by the 48PM and 24PM methods were both greater than the ET0 calculated by P-M method. The accuracy of the five simplified methods for estimating ET0 was ranked in the order of Mak > Har >48PM > 24PM > PT for Region I, and Har >Mak> 48PM > 24PM >PT for other three regions. 【Conclusion】 For regions that are lack of meteorological data, the Mak method was the best alternative for estimating ET0 in Region I, while the Har method worked better for other regions in Gansu province.

ObjectiveTo determine the quality of life among HIV-infected individuals and risk factors in Jing’an District of Shanghai.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study. Cluster sampling strategy was used to select HIV-infected individuals who were registered with the national HIV/AIDS case reporting system in eight community health service centers in Jing’an District of Shanghai. The short form 36 （SF-36） scale， self-rating anxiety scale （SAS）， social support scale （SSS） and specifically designed questionnaires were used to collect information. Logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with quality of life.ResultsIn total， 365 HIV-infected individuals were included in the study. The total average score of quality of life was 79.5±10.4. The scores in general health， vitality and emotional well-being were lower than the norm， whereas the scores in other dimensions were higher than the norm. Multivariable logistic regression indicated that age of 45‒ years （vs age of 18‒ years： OR=0.23， 95%CI： 0.08‒0.68） was significantly associated with the quality of life. Furthermore， smoking （OR=2.18， 95%CI： 1.22‒3.90）， lower CD4+T cell counts （

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to examine whether academic performance is associated with students' athletic ability in primary school.MethodsA 3-year follow-up study was conducted among 1,136 Chinese students. Sit-up and jump rope testers were used to measure 1-min sit-ups and 1-min jump ropes, respectively. Meanwhile, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory were used to estimate sleep quality and depression levels. The end-of-semester examinations were used to evaluate students' academic performance during the follow-up period.ResultsAfter adjusting for confounders, the mean change in Chinese language performance for participants stratified by 1-min sit-ups at baseline was 0.35 (95% CI: −0.37 to 0.76) for level 1 (slowest), 0.52 (95% CI: −0.54 to 1.08) for level 2, and 1.72 (95% CI: 1.14 to 2.30) for level 3 (fastest) (P for trend = 0.003); the mean change in math scores was 0.28 (95% CI: −0.50 to 0.95) for level 1 (slowest), 0.95 (95% CI: 0.38 to 1.52) for level 2, and 1.41 (95% CI: 0.82 to 1.99) for level 3 (fastest) (P for trend = 0.048). The mean change in foreign language scores was −0.45 (95% CI: −0.99 to −0.93) for level 1 (slowest), −0.14 (95% CI: −0.44 to 0.41) for level 2, and 0.69 (95% CI: 0.25 to 1.13) for level 3 (fastest) (P for trend = 0.004). The mean change in Chinese language performance for participants stratified by 1-min jump ropes at the baseline was 0.30 (95% CI: −0.16 to 0.76) for level 1 (slowest), 1.09 (95% CI: 0.42 to 1.76) for level 2, and 1.74 (95% CI: 1.14 to 2.35) for level 3 (fastest) (P for trend = 0.001). The mean change in math scores was 0.41 (95% CI: −0.11 to 0.92) for level 1 (slowest), 1.44 (95% CI: 0.69 to 2.19) for level 2, and 1.43 (95% CI: 0.76 to 2.10) for level 3 (fastest) (P for trend = 0.019). The mean change in foreign language performance was −0.71 (95% CI: −1.08 to −0.33) for level 1 (slowest), 0.95 (95% CI: −0.40 to 1.50) for level 2, and 0.91 (95% CI: 0.41 to 1.41) for level 3 (fastest) (P for trend < 0.001).ConclusionThis study suggests that participation in jump rope and sit-up exercises may positively affect students' academic performance.

Uveal melanoma (UVM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults with high metastasis rates. D-type cyclins (CCNDs) are central regulators of the cell division cycle and are among the most frequently deregulated therapeutic targets in human cancer. Recently, the E3 ligase adaptor, autophagy and beclin 1 regulator 1 (AMBRA1), was reported to regulate the stability of CCNDs, including CCND1, but its role in UVM has not been demonstrated. AMBRA1 is lowly expressed in UVM cells, and the ablation of AMBRA1 promotes the proliferation of 92.1 and OMM1 cells, whereas ectopically expressing AMBRA1 attenuates the proliferation of UVM cells. Further studies found that AMBRA1 promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of CCND1, and AMBRA1 regulates the proliferation of UVM cells in a CCND1-dependent manner. Thus, this study suggests that AMBRA1 serves as an important tumor suppressor by limiting UVM cell growth.

The aim of present study was to evaluate whether diets supplemented with dihydroartemisinin (DHA) could alleviate intestinal inflammatory injury in weaned piglets with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). Twelve normal birth weight (NBW) piglets and 12 piglets with IUGR were fed a basal diet (NBW-CON and IUCR-CON groups), and another 12 piglets with IUGR were fed the basal diet supplemented with DHA at 80 mg/kg (IUGR-DHA group) from 21 to 49 d of age. At 49 d of age, 8 piglets with similar body weight in each group were sacrificed. The jejunal and ileal samples were collected for further analysis. The results showed that IUGR impaired intestinal morphology, increased intestinal inflammatory response, raised enterocyte apoptosis and reduced enterocyte proliferation and activated transmembrane toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Dihydroartemisinin inclusion ameliorated intestinal morphology, indicated by increased villus height, villus height-to-crypt depth ratio, villus surface area and decreased villus width of piglets with IUGR (P

Objective: The uncertainty of the determination of acid scarlet GR in orange juice by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） was evaluated. The source of uncertainty and the key factors affecting the test results were analyzed, so as to improve the accuracy of the test results. Methods: The mathematical model of uncertainty of acid scarlet GR content in orange juice was established. The factors that may introduce uncertainty in the detection process were analyzed, and the uncertainty components were evaluated. Results: The content of acid scarlet GR in self-made positive orange juice was 1.46 mg/kg, the expanded uncertainty was 0.11 mg/kg （including factor k=2）, and the determination result was expressed as: X=（1.46±0.11） mg/kg （k=2）. Conclusion: This uncertainty mainly comes from the uncertainty introduced by the purity of reference materials, the linear fitting of standard curves and the analysis of high performance liquid chromatography.

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2021.06.009

The host-guest complex of water-soluble phosphate salt pillar[5]arene (PP5A) and cationic fluorescent dye acridine orange (AO) was constructed, and studied with ultraviolet spectrum (UV), infrared absorption spectrum (IR), molecular fluorescence spectroscopy (MFS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra (1H NMR and NOESY). And then, the effect of pH and two surfactants, including sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) on the fluorescence intensity of AO/PP5A complex system were investigated. Finally, the complexation mode and energy of PP5A with AO and CTAB were calculated by molecular docking. The results showed that AO and PP5A formed a 1:1 host-guest complex. PP5A reduced or quenched the fluorescence intensity of AO in the pH range of 3~11. The addition of SDS and CTAB did not affect the fluorescence intensity of AO/PP5A complex significantly. The fluorescence changes generated by AO and PP5A complexation can provide a theoretical basis for the design of fluorescence sensors.

The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of enzymatically treated Artemisia annua L. (EA) on intestinal digestive function and immune capacity in weaned pigs. Firstly, a total of 300 21-day-old piglets were randomly allotted to five groups, including CON, EA1, EA2, EA3, and EA4 groups (basal diet supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 g/kg EA, respectively). At 50 days of age, the results showed that pigs in the EA3 group presented significant improvements (p

Metamaterials are artificial structures with extraordinary electromagnetic properties. Much attention has been attracted to metamaterials because of their electromagnetic properties like permittivity, permeability, and refractive index that traditional materials cannot achieve. Hyperbolic metamaterials show highly anisotropic dielectric tensors or permeability tensor, the components of which are negative in one or two spatial directions. Compared with other types of metamaterials, hyperbolic metamaterials are relatively easy to be fabricated at optical frequencies, broadband non-resonant and three-dimensional volume responses, and flexible wavelength tunability. In this review, definition, implementations of hyperbolic metamaterials, tunable and active hyperbolic metamaterials and developments of sensitive sensors are introduced in detail. The principle and progress of the hyperbolic metamaterials based on metal/dielectric multilayer structure and metal nanowire array as biosensors were focused and discussed in this paper, and it was pointed out that the long-term goal of the development of hyperbolic metamaterials sensors is simple structure, easy preparation, wide band and multivariate analysis.

An inclusion complex of naringenin (NAR) and β-cyclodextrin (βCD) was prepared with ultrasonication. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared absorption spectroscopy (IR) indicated that the inclusion complex formed had some new physical/chemical properties. 1H NMR and ROESY spectroscopy revealed that the stable supramolecular inclusion complex was formed by having the benzene ring of NAR introduced into the big end of the βCD. The formation processes of NAR/βCD inclusion complex were also studied by quantum chemical calculations. It was revealed that enthalpy and hydrogen bonding weak interaction force were the driving forces behind the formation. The optimal inclusion mode obtained from energy gap and binding energy analyses were consistent with the most inclusive mode obtained from molecular docking analysis and the NMR results. These results were further confirmed by ONIOM calculation.

In view of problem that fault diagnosis methods of mine-used belt conveyor gearbox based on vibration signal analysis are not easy to process mixed-fault signals, a new mixed-fault diagnosis method of mine-used belt conveyor gearbox based on self-organizing map network was proposed. The standard multi-fault samples of mine-used belt conveyor gearbox are pre-processed by wavelet threshold denoising method incorporating Shannon entropy，Gaussian mixture distribution model is established for the standard multi-fault samples after pre-treatment, and the expectation-maximization algorithm is used to estimate the parameters of the model to obtain corresponding feature vectors which are input into the self-organizing map network. At last, the fault signals of different fault types are clustered and identified by self-organizing map network to determine the fault category. The test results show that the method can effectively diagnose the fault type of mine-used belt conveyor gearbox, and the overall accuracy of the diagnostic method is 88%, and the accuracy under six conditions is 100%. It provides a new method for gearbox fault diagnosis of mine electromechanical equipment.

Tor is the most deployed anonymous communication system, providing online anonymity and privacy protection, while the invisible Internet project allows applications to send messages to each other anonymously and securely by using garlic routing. The anonymous network Tor and I2P have been highly valued by the academic community and the industry, and are also welcomed by users. The key difference between the design concept between the Tor network and the I2P is that I2P attempts to transfer the existing Internet service to the I2P network, and service implementation is provided within the framework, while Thor allows anonymous access to implement and operate external Internet services separately. The anonymous networks Tor and I2P in terms of terminology, project development, anonymous services, key technologies, threat types, etc. were compared, revealing the inherent and essential differences between the two anonymous networks.

BackgroundRecently trained immunity of microglia provided an opportunity to study the chronic effect of microglial activation and its metabolic rewiring in neuroimmunological diseases. Since elevated levels of B cell-activating factor (BAFF) have been proved to be associated with some chronic neuroimmunological disorders. Here, we used the trained innate immunity model to analyze the effect of BAFF, a vital regulator of the adaptive immune system, on long-term microglial activation and metabolic reprogramming in vitro and in vivo.Methods and resultsIn vitro, BV2 cells and mouse primary microglial cells were incubated with BAFF for 24 h (BAFF priming). After 5 days of resting, microglia were restimulated with LPS (LPS restimulation) or BAFF (BAFF restimulation). BAFF priming induced a pro-inflammatory trained immunity-phenotype of both BV2 cells and primary microglial cells, which was indicated by morphological change, secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine upon LPS restimulation or BAFF restimulation. The production of lactate and NAD+/NADH ratio were elevated 5 days after BAFF priming. The activation of the Akt/mTOR/HIF-1α pathway was induced by BAFF priming and lasted for 5 days. Pretreating the BV2 cells or mouse primary microglial cells with rapamycin blocked mTOR/HIF-1α activation and cellular metabolic reprogramming induced by BAFF training. Consistently, rapamycin efficiently suppressed the trained immunity-like responses of microglia triggered by BAFF. In vivo, adult male mice were treated with BAFF by intracerebroventricular injection for priming and 7 days later with BAFF for restimulation. BAFF training activated microglia in the cortex and hippocampus. The production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines was elevated after BAFF training.ConclusionOur current data, for the first time, demonstrate that BAFF priming induces a proinflammatory memory-like response of microglia not only to LPS but also to BAFF itself. Rapamycin inhibits microglial priming triggered by BAFF through targeting the mTOR/HIF-1α signaling pathway. Our data reveal a novel role of BAFF in trained immunity and that rapamycin may be a potential therapeutic target of neuroimmunological diseases.

Candida spp. account for [approximately equal to] 8%-15% of invasive infections leading to hospitalization; the emergence of drug-resistant non-C. albicans Candida spp. is particularly troublesome for optimal health recovery of [...]

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that are involved in various biological processes, including apoptosis, by regulating gene expression. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that ethanol-induced downregulation of miR-135a contributes to ethanol-induced apoptosis in neural crest cells (NCCs) by upregulating Siah1 and activating the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/p53 pathway. We found that treatment with ethanol resulted in a significant decrease in miR-135a expression in both NCCs and zebrafish embryos. Ethanol-induced downregulation of miR-135a resulted in the upregulation of Siah1 and the activation of the p38 MAPK/p53 pathway and increased apoptosis in NCCs and zebrafish embryos. Ethanol exposure also resulted in growth retardation and developmental defects that are characteristic of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) in zebrafish. Overexpression of miRNA-135a significantly reduced ethanol-induced upregulation of Siah1 and the activation of the p38 MAPK/p53 pathway and decreased ethanol-induced apoptosis in NCCs and zebrafish embryos. In addition, ethanol-induced growth retardation and craniofacial defects in zebrafish larvae were dramatically diminished by the microinjection of miRNA-135a mimics. These results demonstrated that ethanol-induced downregulation of miR-135a contributes to ethanol-induced apoptosis in NCCs by upregulating Siah1 and activating the p38 MAPK/p53 pathway and that the overexpression of miRNA-135a can protect against ethanol-induced apoptosis in NCCs and craniofacial defects in a zebrafish model of FASD.

According to the load characteristics of the new metal belt continuously variable transmission,the force balance equation of the tight side is established,taking p811 CVT as the research object,the stress change law of the wire rope is simulated by ABAQUS software. The results show that the bearing characteristics of interactive twist wire are better than the same twisted wire band under the torque load. When the metal band enters the cone pulley,the axial stress fluctuation amplitude of the interaction kudu wire reaches 37. 07% of the average stress,and there is obvious dislocation; In the process of transmission,the stress wave and the dislocation change of shengnei wire are more obvious in the xiangqiechu of metal belt and cone pulley,and uneven phenomenon exists in radial and axial load.