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Plastics are major components of waste from electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE, or e-waste) accounting for up to 25% of annual e-waste production. The composition of such plastics varies greatly according to their original function in the electrical and electronic equipment, and may include additives such as dark pigments and brominated compounds. With WEEE becoming the fastest growing waste stream in recent years, the recycling of polymers became a keystone for waste management and closing material loops. Closing the loops in material life cycles requires that type-pure plastics are obtained at the end of the recycling chain. Accordingly, the identification of polymers prior to their sorting in recycling lines is a fundamental prerequisite.Here, we explore how an innovative combination of optical sensors can aid the identification of plastics in the plastic recycling environment in order to increase recovery rates and quality of recyclates.We have selected 23 different polymer samples, representative of the plastic types commonly found in e-waste. We investigated the sequential use of high-speed hyperspectral imaging (HSI) and Raman spectroscopic sensors for digitalization of the waste stream and identification of polymer composition. HSI-reflectance sensors in the short-wave infrared (HSI-SWIR, Specim AisaFenix, 970 - 2500 nm) domain acquired simultaneously spatial and spectral information, allowing for mapping and initial identification of certain transparent and light-coloured polymers (PE, PP, PET, and PC). Raman measurements, collected at specific points and with integration times < 2 seconds, allowed for specific identification of all polymer samples, including black plastics. The use of both sensor technologies on conveyor belts has the potential to fully characterise the WEEE plastics stream, generating identification signals serving as input for sorting machines or simulation models. The combination of latest high-speed sensors and data processing opens many further fields of material stream characterisation and monitoring, which come with high data acquisition rates and volumes. Consequently, a smart selection of sensors along with a tailored and learning data processing will be key to innovations towards more complex and agile recycling processes. In this context, our multi-sensor solution focuses on a combination of advantages from HSI and Raman spectroscopy aided by efficient data integration (‘RAMSES-4-CE’ project, supported by the EU EIT Raw Materials).

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-npx-10.1177_1934578X221125053 for Two New Abietane Diterpenes From the Stems of Clerodendrum trichotomum Thunb by Lin-Zhen Li, Yu Zhang, Liang Chen, Yin-Zhi Cen and Yang-Li Tu, Xiao-Sheng Yang, Yong-Jun Li in Natural Product Communications

Mitochondria can supply adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to the tissue, which can regulate metabolism during the pathologic process and is also involved in the pathophysiology of neuronal injury after stroke. Recent studies have suggested that selective autophagy could play important roles in the pathophysiological process of stroke, especially mitophagy. It is usually mediated by the PINK1/Parkin-independent pathway or PINK1/Parkin-dependent pathway. Moreover, mitophagy may be a potential target in the therapy of stroke because the control of mitophagy is neuroprotective in stroke in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we briefly summarize recent researches in mitophagy, introduce the role of mitophagy in the pathogenesis of stroke, then highlight the strategies targeting mitophagy in the treatment of stroke, and finally propose several issues in the treatment of stroke by targeting mitophagy.

Metals are abundantly present in the earth’s crust and have many occupational uses. They are also vital for living organisms as they are required in small quantities to carry out physiological functions. However, increased exposure leads to accumulation of metals leading to toxic effects. Metals are distributed in environment due to pollution and industrial effluents thus increasing the human exposure to toxic metals. Elevated levels of metals in the body facilitate their transportation to various organs including the brain resulting in physiological disturbances. Neurotoxic effects of metals lead to dementia and cognitive defects resulting in neurodegenerative disorders. The highly toxic metals include mercury, lead, aluminum, iron, cadmium, and arsenic. Although iron is essential for cellular homeostasis, yet when present in excess leads to wide variety of neurodegenerative disease. In this chapter, we have focused on these six metals and their neurotoxic complications.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between clinicopathological characteristics of atypical meningiomas (AM) and its post-operative recurrence. Materials and Methods: The clinicopathological characteristics and findings from follow up were retrospectively reviewed and compared between AM and benign meningioma (BM) patients. Univariate and multivariate analyses were employed to identify the factors related to the post-operative recurrence of AM. Results: More BM patients were females and received complete resection; the recurrence rate was significantly lower in BM patients as compared to AM patients. The progesterone receptor (PR), E-cadherin protein (E-Ca) and β-catenin positive rates and Ki67 labeling index were significantly different between two groups. Univariate analysis showed the age, tumor size, tumor invasiveness, E-Ca expression, and extent of resection were related to the post-operative recurrence of AM. However, multivariate analysis showed only the extent of resection and tumor invasiveness were the independent factors associated with the post-operative recurrence of AM. Conclusions: The extent of resection and tumor invasiveness are related to the post-operative recurrence of AM. To improve the surgical procedures to maximize the tumor resection is important to improve the prognosis of AM patients.

Bamboo forest is an important forest type in subropical and tropical areas. Due to its biological characteristic and growth habits, bamboo is not only an ideal economic investment that can be utilized in many different manners but also has enormous potential for alleviating many environmental problems facing the world today. This review describes ecological functions of the bamboo forest on soil erosion control, water conservation, land rehabilitation, and carbon sequestration.

Two new oxoaporphine alkaloids, 1,2,3,10-tetramethoxy-9-(2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxybenzyloxy)oxoaporphine (1) and 1,2,3,10-tetramethoxy-9-(4,5-dimethoxy-2-formylphenoxy)oxoaporphine (2), were isolated from Thalictrum elegans. Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic analysis including 1D, 2D NMR, IR and MS.

The volatile oil of the roots of Cynanchum stauntonii was examined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Thirty-eight constituents were identified. (E,E)-2,4-Decadienal, 3-efhyl-4-methypentanol, 5-pentyl-3H-furan-2-one, (E,Z)-2,4-decadienal and 2(3H)-furanone,dihydro-5-pentyl were found to be the major components. The volatile oil exhibited the activities against influenza virus in vitro (IC50s = 64 μg/ml). In in vivo experiment, it prevented influenza virus-induced deaths in a dose-dependent manner.