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Summary: Insect metamorphosis is a captivating aspect of animal research. To address the controversy regarding the developmental correspondence between hemimetabolous and holometabolous insects, we utilized non-destructive micro-computed tomography (CT) imaging and RNA-seq to examine wing growth and transcriptome profiles across juvenile stages in the Locusta migratoria, Harmonia axyridis, and Plutella xylostella, with distinct metamorphic strategies. Micro-CT revealed that over 88% of wing volume increase in ladybirds and moths occurs during the prepupal-pupal transition, similar to locust nymphs. Developmental transcriptome clustering demonstrated that gene expression patterns more closely resembled those between ladybird/moth prepupae/pupae and locust nymphs, whereas holometabolous larvae exhibited distinct profiles. Notably, gene expression specificity increased across juvenile stages with more recent species divergence. Genes highly expressed around the prepupal/pupal stages accumulated higher evolutionary rates. These integrated findings unveil commonalities in juvenile stage development among the locust, ladybird, and moth, providing insights into the evolution of metamorphosis within neopteran insects.

Background: Fibroblast-derived exosomes can regulate the electrical remodeling of cardiomyocytes, and the intermediate-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (KCa3.1) is important in atrial electrical remodeling. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the regulation of cardiac electrophysiology by exosomes linked to KCa3.1. Methods: Atrial myocytes (AMs) and atrial fibroblasts were isolated from Sprague-Dawley suckling rats and cultured individually. The cellular atrial fibrillation (AF) model was established via electrical stimulation (1.0 v/cm, 10 Hz), and fibroblast-derived exosomes were isolated via ultracentrifugation. Exosomes were co-cultured with AMs to investigate their influences on KCa3.1 and the underlying mechanisms. Nanoparticle tracking analysis and transmission electron microscopy were used to measure exosome particle sizes and concentrations. Whole-cell patch clamp was applied to record the current density of KCa3.1 and action potential duration (APD). The expression of miR-21-5p was detected by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Western blotting or immunofluorescence was used to measure the expression of exosomal markers, Akt phosphorylation, and KCa3.1. Results: Rapid pacing promoted the secretion of exosomes from atrial fibroblasts and miR-21-5p expression in atrial fibroblasts and exosomes. KCa3.1 protein expression and current density significantly increased, and APD50 and APD90 were sharply shortened after rapid pacing in AMs. TRAM-34 (KCa3.1 blocker) extended APD and reduced susceptibility to AF. KCa3.1 and P-AKT expressions were amplified after co-culturing AMs with exosomes secreted by atrial fibroblasts. In contrast, the increase in KCa3.1 expression was reversed after the cells were co-cultured with exosomes secreted by atrial fibroblasts that were transfected with miR-21-5p inhibitors or after the use of LY294002, a PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitor. Conclusions: Rapid pacing promoted the secretion of exosomes from fibroblasts, and miR-21-5p was upregulated in exosomes. Moreover, the miR-21-5p-enriched exosomes upregulated KCa3.1 expression in AMs via the PI3K/Akt pathway.

Abstract The interrelated side reactions and dendrites growth severely destabilize the electrode/electrolyte interfaces, resulting in the difficult application of aqueous Zn ion batteries (AZIBs). Hydrophobic protective layer possesses natural inhibition ability for side reactions. However, the conventional protective layer with plane structure is difficult to attain joint regulation of side reaction and Zn nucleation. Herein, a novel three‐dimensional (3D) electrically conductive and hydrophobic (3DECH) interface is elaborated to enable stable Zn anode. The as‐prepared 3DECH interface presents a uniform 3D morphology with hydrophobic property, large specific surface area, abundant zincophilic sites, and excellent electroconductivity. Therefore, the 3DECH interface achieves uniform nucleation and dendrite‐free deposition from synergetic benefits: (1) increased nucleation sites and reduced local current density through the special 3D structure and (2) uniform electric potential distribution and rapid Zn2+ transport due to the electroconductive alloy chemistry, thus coupling the hydrophobic property to obtain a highly reversible Zn anode. Consequently, the modified anode achieves a superior coulombic efficiency of 99.88% over 3500 cycles, and the pouch cells using modified anode and LiMn2O4 (LMO) cathode retain a capacity of 84 mAh g−1 after 700 cycles at a reasonable depth discharge of 36%, without dendrite piercing and “dead Zn.”

The family Tephritidae in the order Diptera, known as true fruit flies, are agriculturally important insect pests. However, the phylogenetic relationships of true fruit flies, remain controversial. Moreover, rapid identification of important invasive true fruit flies is essential for plant quarantine but is still challenging. To this end, we sequenced the genome of 16 true fruit fly species at coverage of 47–228×. Together with the previously reported genomes of nine species, we reconstructed phylogenetic trees of the Tephritidae using benchmarking universal single-copy ortholog (BUSCO), ultraconserved element (UCE) and anchored hybrid enrichment (AHE) gene sets, respectively. The resulting trees of 50% taxon-occupancy dataset for each marker type were generally congruent at 88% nodes for both concatenation and coalescent analyses. At the subfamily level, both Dacinae and Trypetinae are monophyletic. At the species level, Bactrocera dorsalis is more closely related to Bactrocera latifrons than Bactrocera tryoni. This is inconsistent with previous conclusions based on mitochondrial genes but consistent with recent studies based on nuclear data. By analyzing these genome data, we screened ten pairs of species-specific primers for molecular identification of ten invasive fruit flies, which PCR validated. In summary, our work provides draft genome data of 16 true fruit fly species, addressing the long-standing taxonomic controversies and providing species-specific primers for molecular identification of invasive fruit flies.

Abstract There are no models for assessing the factors that determine moderate to poor performance status in patients with cancer after chemotherapy. This study investigated the influencing factors and identified the best model for predicting moderate–poor performance status. A convenience sampling method was used. Demographic and clinical data and evaluation results for fatigue, pain, quality of life and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group status were collected three days after the end of chemotherapy. Decision tree, random forest and logistic regression models were constructed. Ninety-four subjects in the case group had moderate to poor performance status, and 365 subjects in the control group had no or mild activity disorders. The random forest model was the most accurate model. Physical function, total protein, general quality of life within one week before chemotherapy, hemoglobin, pain symptoms and globulin were the main factors. Total protein and hemoglobin levels reflect nutritional status, and globulin levels are an index of liver function. Therefore, physical function, nutritional status, general quality of life and pain symptoms within one week before chemotherapy and liver function can be used to predict moderate–poor performance status. Nurses should pay more attention to patients with poor physical function, poor nutritional status, lower quality of life and pain symptoms after chemotherapy.

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer and belongs to the category of malignant tumors of the thyroid gland. Autophagy plays an important role in PTC. The purpose of this study is to develop a novel diagnostic model using autophagy-related genes (ARGs) in patients. In this study, RNA sequencing data of PTC samples and normal samples were obtained from GSE33630 and GSE29265. Then, we analyzed GSE33630 datasets and identified 127 DE-ARGs. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that 127 DE-ARGs were mainly enriched in pathways in cancer, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, toll-like receptor pathway, MAPK pathway, apoptosis, neurotrophin signaling pathway, and regulation of autophagy. Subsequently, CALCOCO2, DAPK1, and RAC1 among the 127 DE-ARGs were identified as diagnostic genes by support vector machine recursive feature elimination and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithms. Then, we developed a novel diagnostic model using CALCOCO2, DAPK1, and RAC1 and its diagnostic value was confirmed in GSE29265 and our cohorts. Importantly, CALCOCO2 may be a critical regulator involved in immune microenvironment because its expression was related to many types of immune cells. Overall, we developed a novel diagnostic model using CALCOCO2, DAPK1, and RAC1 which can be used as diagnostic markers of PTC.

Gallium Nitride (GaN)-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) in green spectral region face the difficulty of the “green gap”. One of the main obstacles is the strong polarization electric field in GaN-based materials, which leads to a strong quantum confinement Stark effect (QCSE) and reduces the efficiency of radiative recombination. In this study, we systemically simulated and compared the optical and electrical performance of GaN-based green VCSELs based on Ga-polar and N-polar InGaN quantum wells (QWs) by using the software of PICS3D. The results show that the light-output power of N-polar VCSEL is greatly improved by 183% compared to Ga-polar VCSEL at an injection current of 20 mA, while the threshold current is reduced by 49%. The improved performance is mainly attributed to: 1) the decreased QCSE; 2) the more efficient carrier injection, and 3) the reduced carrier leakage in N-polar devices. The results of this study suggest that N-polar based GaN is promising for the realization of high-performance green VCSELs, which can provide a guidance for the fabrication of high-power green VCSELs.

Objective To investigate the effect of metformin tablets before bedtime and its effect on islet cell function in elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with frequent dawn phenomenon. Methods A total of 160 elderly patients with T2DM in The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou from May 2018 to April 2021 were selected. They were divided into the control group (n=80) and the observation group (n=80) randomly. The control group was given intensive treatment with insulin aspart, while the observation group was given an additional 500 mg of before bedtime metformin tablets on this basis. Both groups were treat contimuously for 12 weeks. The changes in blood glucose, islet cell function, dawn phenomenon before and after treatment were compared. ORACLE 10 g tool was used to construct a random walking model for evaluating the effect of taking metformin tablets before bedtime on the function of pancreatic islet cells in elderly T2DM patients with frequent dawn phenomenon. Results After treatment, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2 h postprandial glucose (2hPG) and coefficient of variation (CV) in the control group reduced, while FPG, 2hPG, blood glucose before bedtime and CV in the observation group reduced (P

Aptamer-based biosensors have been widely constructed and applied to detect diverse targets. Glutathione S-transferase (GST), a pivotal phase II metabolic enzyme, plays a critical role in biotransformation in vivo, and aberrant GST expression is associated with various health risks. Herein, aptamers targeting GST were systematically selected from a randomized single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) library of 79 nucleotides (nt) using a biotinylated GST-immobilized streptavidin agarose (SA) bead SELEX technology. Following rigorous screening across eight rounds, four aptamers with strikingly similar secondary structures emerged. Among these, Seq3 exhibited the highest affinity towards GST and was selected for further optimization. A semi-rational post-SELEX truncation strategy was then employed based on base composition analysis, secondary structure analysis and affinity assessment. This strategy enabled the systematic removal of redundant nucleotides in Seq3 without compromising its affinity, ultimately yielding a truncated aptamer, Seq3-3, which retains its specificity with a compact 39nt length. Building upon Seq3-3, a double-stranded fluorescent aptamer probe was ingeniously designed for the in vitro detection of GST. The detection mechanism hinges on the competitive displacement of the complementary chain from the probe, mediated by the target protein, leading to the separation of the antisense oligonucleotide from the double-stranded complex. This process triggers the restoration of the fluorescence signal, enabling sensitive detection, and the probe exhibits excellent response within a linear range of GST activity ranging from 0 to 1500 U/L. The results show that not only an efficient strategy for screening robust and practicable aptamers but also an ultrahighly sensitive detection platform for GST was established.

The optical properties of wurtzite violet InGaN/GaN coupled quantum well (QW) structures are experimentally studied using photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) spectroscopy. Two emission peaks, referred to as Peak H and Peak L, are observed in both PL and EL spectra, due to the ground state splitting induced by the well coupling. Experimental PL and EL results reveal that coupled QWs show different optical responses due to the different variation in the electric field inside the QW structure. Since the direction of the polarization electric field of the as-grown well/barrier layers is different, the external electric field applied by electrodes can change the energy band alignment between the well and the barrier layers, thus adjusting the coupling between the wells. Our results provide relevant information to improve our understanding of the optical properties of InGaN/GaN QWs and to develop novel optoelectronic devices.

Abstract Background Lepidoptera is one of the most species-rich animal groups, with substantial karyotype variations among species due to chromosomal rearrangements. Knowledge of the evolutionary patterns of lepidopteran chromosomes still needs to be improved. Results Here, we used chromosome-level genome assemblies of 185 lepidopteran insects to reconstruct an ancestral reference genome and proposed a new chromosome nomenclature. Thus, we renamed over 5000 extant chromosomes with this system, revealing the historical events of chromosomal rearrangements and their features. Additionally, our findings indicate that, compared with autosomes, the Z chromosome in Lepidoptera underwent a fast loss of conserved genes, rapid acquisition of lineage-specific genes, and a low rate of gene duplication. Moreover, we presented evidence that all available 67 W chromosomes originated from a common ancestor chromosome, with four neo-W chromosomes identified, including one generated by fusion with an autosome and three derived through horizontal gene transfer. We also detected nearly 4000 inter-chromosomal gene movement events. Notably, Geminin is transferred from the autosome to the Z chromosome. When located on the autosome, Geminin shows female-biased expression, but on the Z chromosome, it exhibits male-biased expression. This contributes to the sexual dimorphism of body size in silkworms. Conclusions Our study sheds light on the complex evolutionary history of lepidopteran chromosomes based on ancestral chromosome reconstruction and novel chromosome nomenclature.

Highlights Continuous-wave green vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers based on self-formed quantum dots were realized with the lowest threshold current density of 51.97 A cm−2. A short cavity (~4.0 λ, where λ is the wavelength in the media) was adopted to enhance the interaction between spontaneous emission and lasing mode, with a big coupling factor up to 0.094. AlN current confinement layer and the electroplated supporting copper plate were utilized to improve heat dissipation, with a low thermal resistance of 842 K W−1.

The traditional retail industry be affected of the rapid development of modern e-commerce industry. To improve the shopping mall member portrait has become an effective way for operators to refine management and give full play to the value of members. We hope that the member system analysis based on data mining can provide reliable basis for establishing stable member relationship and planning promotional activities. In this paper, based on the real data provided by large department stores, adopting software such as MATLAB and SPSS, using probability statistics, data crawler and other related knowledge to description of a member of a large department store. Firstly, through the relationship models between members’ consumption characteristics model, it is concluded that the profit contribution of members to shopping malls is higher than that of non-members. Through the members’ purchasing power model, it is concluded that different strategies can be adopted for different levels of members. Through the members’ life cycle and state division model, we got the value of the member’s life cycle is about 799, and the state division threshold is 4.5594. Through the members’ preferences and commodity joint rate, we got that promotional activities play a leading role in the activation of members. Finally, according to the preferences of members, combined with business profits, we can choose the following three kinds of goods to promote: 30768d8b, d55deeb5, 6feea3f5.

Objective To explore the effect of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine nursing for patients with allergic rhinitis. Methods Totally 70 patients with allergic rhinitis were selected and randomly divided into control group (n=35) and observation group (n=35). Patients in the control group were given routine western medicine care according to the treatment needs of variant rhinitis. Patients in the observation group were given integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine nursing interventions. The symptoms of rhinitis and the improvement of nasal ventilation function in the two groups were observed, and the efficacy and quality of life were compared. Results After intervention, the scores of various rhinitis symptoms and the total scores in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the western nasal care group (P

Falls are one of the most common adverse events resulting in physical and mental harm of stroke patients. This paper reviewed researches on causes and nursing countermeasures of fall in elderly stroke patients, and provided reference for reducing fall risk and ensuring safety of elderly stroke patients during treatment. (脑卒中患者跌倒是临床常见不良事件, 严重危害患者身心健康。本研究就导致脑卒中患者跌倒的主要原因素以及护理对策进行总结, 旨在为临床工作中进一步降低老年脑卒中患者跌倒不良事件的发生、保障患者生命安全提供参考。)

The paper expounds the connotation and development trend of chronic disease management in the elderly, discusses the current situation and challenges of chronic disease management in the elderly from five dimensions of precision medicine, symptom management, concept management of "wisdom", integration of diversified management and comprehensive intervention of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and analyzes the management countermeasures. (本文阐述了老年慢病管理的内涵、发展趋势, 从精准医学、症状管理、“智谋”概念管理、多元化管理融合、中医综合干预五个维度探讨了老年慢病管理现状与面临的挑战, 并分析了管理对策, 旨在为老年慢性病健康问题提出切实可行的解决方案。)

BackgroundThe mental health level of the prison police is relatively low， so finding innovative ways to improve the mental health of them is of great significance for the safety of prison supervision and the implementation of peaceful China initiative.ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between perceived social support， perceived stress and psychological resilience with mental health of prison police， and to provide references for improving their mental health.MethodsIn March 2022， 424 policemen working in a male prison in a western province were selected by cluster sampling method， and investigated with the Perceived Social Support Scale （PSSS）， Chinese Perceived Stress Scale （CPSS）， Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale （CD-RISC） and General Health Questionnaire 20 （GHQ-20）， then Process 4.2 was used employed to verify the mediating role of perceived stress as well as the moderating role of psychological resilience in the relationship between perceived social support and mental health.Results①Male subjects scored higher on GHQ-20 than female subjects （t=2.095， P

Abstract The tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta, or Phthorimaea absouta, is native to South America, but quickly spread to other regions of world, including Europe, Africa, and Asia, devastating to global tomato production. However, a lack of high-quality genome resources makes it difficult to understand its high invasiveness and ecological adaptation. Here, we sequenced the genome of the tomato pinworm using Nanopore platforms, yielding a genome assembly of 564.5 Mb with contig N50 of 3.33 Mb. BUSCO analysis demonstrated that this genome assembly has a high-level completeness of 98.0% gene coverage. In total, 310 Mb are repeating sequences accounting for 54.8% of genome assembly, and 21,979 protein-coding genes are annotated. Next, we used the Hi-C technique to anchor 295 contigs to 29 chromosomes, yielding a chromosome-level genome assembly with a scaffold N50 of 20.7 Mb. In sum, the high-quality genome assembly of the tomato pinworm is a useful gene resource that contributes to a better understanding of the biological characteristics of its invasiveness and will help in developing an efficient control policy.

Abstract CIRBE (Colorado Inner Radiation Belt Experiment), a 3U CubeSat, was launched on 15 April 2023 into a sun synchronous orbit (97.4° inclination and 509 km altitude). The sole science payload onboard is REPTile‐2 (Relativistic Electron and Proton Telescope integrated little experiment—2), an advanced version of REPTile which operated in space between 2012 and 2014. REPTile‐2 has 60 channels for electrons (0.25–6 MeV) and 60 channels for protons (6.5–100 MeV). It has been working well, capturing detailed dynamics of the radiation belt electrons, including several orders of magnitude enhancements of the outer belt electrons after an intense magnetic storm, multiple “wisps”‐ an electron precipitation phenomenon associated with human‐made very low frequency (VLF) waves in the inner belt, and “drift echoes” of 0.25–1.4 MeV electrons across the entire inner belt and part of the outer belt. These new observations provide opportunities to test the understanding of the physical mechanisms responsible for these features.

mDia formin proteins regulate the dynamics and organization of the cytoskeleton through their linear actin nucleation and polymerization activities. We previously showed that mDia1 deficiency leads to aberrant innate immune activation and induces myelodysplasia in a mouse model, and mDia2 regulates enucleation and cytokinesis of erythroblasts and the engraftment of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). However, whether and how mDia formins interplay and regulate hematopoiesis under physiological and stress conditions remains unknown. Here, we found that both mDia1 and mDia2 are required for HSPC regeneration under stress, such as serial plating, aging, and reconstitution after myeloid ablation. We showed that mDia1 and mDia2 form hetero-oligomers through the interactions between mDia1 GBD-DID and mDia2 DAD domains. Double knockout of mDia1 and mDia2 in hematopoietic cells synergistically impaired the filamentous actin network and serum response factor-involved transcriptional signaling, which led to declined HSPCs, severe anemia, and significant mortality in neonates and newborn mice. Our data demonstrate the potential roles of mDia hetero-oligomerization and their non-rodent functions in the regulation of HSPCs activity and orchestration of hematopoiesis.

【Objective】 Amending soil with biochar can improve soil structure and fertility, but it could make soil slightly hydrophobic. Its combined effect with irrigation on crop growth is not well understood. This paper aims to fill this knowledge gap by using spring wheat as the exemplary plant. 【Method】 The experiment was conducted in a spring wheat field in northern Xinjiang and comprised three irrigation amounts: irrigation amount used by local farmers (w0), reducing w0 by 10% (w1), and reducing w0 by 20% (w2). For each irrigation amount, there were three biochar amendments: no biochar (b0), adding 10 t/hm2 (b1) and 20 t/hm2 (b2) of biochar. For each treatment, we measured photosynthesis and yield of the spring wheat; its relationship with biochar amendment rate and irrigation amount was fitted to pre-defined functions. 【Result】 Biochar application amount affected leaf area index at the flowering stage significantly. Compared to b0w0, reducing irrigation amount combined with a biochar amendment increased LAI by 9.1%~25.41%, and SPAD by 1.7%~10.73% 20 days after the flowering. Irrigation amount had a significant impact on photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation and yield formation. Reducing irrigation amount by 10% coupled with an appropriate biochar amendment promoted material accumulation in the plant during the flowering stage, thereby improving photosynthesis and the ultimate yield. However, when the irrigation amount was reduced by 20%, biochar amendment reduced photosynthesis, with the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductivity and intercellular CO2 concentration decreasing by 11.58%~18.15%, 55.85%~66.3%, 67.42%~75.94% and 16.2%~27.19%, respectively, from the control. Irrigation amount affected the yield more significantly than biochar, but an appropriate biochar amendment can compensate for the yield loss due to irrigation water reduction. In all treatments we compared, b1w1 was most effective, increasing the grain yield by 7.57% compared b0w0. b2w1 was most effective in increasing 1 000-grain weight, and compared to b0w0, it increased the grain yield by 3.36%. 【Conclusion】 The compressive experiment showed that reducing irrigation amount currently used by local farmers by 10% combined with a 20 t/hm2 application of biochar is most effective for saving water and improving spring wheat yield in northern Xinjiang.

BackgroundSarcopenia, often observed in the elderly, is associated with declining skeletal muscle mass and impaired muscle function. This condition has been consistently linked to a less favorable prognosis in various malignancies. Computed tomography (CT) is a frequently employed modality for evaluating skeletal muscle mass, enabling the measurement of the skeletal muscle index (SMI) at the third lumbar vertebra (L3) level. This measurement serves as a defining criterion for sarcopenia. The meta-analysis dealt with evaluating the promise sarcopenia held as a prognostic indicator in individuals with colorectal cancer.MethodsResearch relevant to the subject was determined by systematically searching PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, WANFANG, and CNKI (up to June 11, 2023, published studies). In this meta-analysis, the incidence of sarcopenia in individuals with colorectal cancer was combined to analyze the disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and cancer-specific survival (CSS) of these individuals with and without sarcopenia. The included research was evaluated for quality per the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) score. In the multivariate analysis of each study, the direct extraction of hazard ratio (HR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was executed. STATA 11.0 was applied to integrate and statistically analyze the data.ResultsOverall 20 articles participated in this meta-analysis. A 34% incidence of sarcopenia was noted in colorectal cancer. The presence of sarcopenia denoted a decrease in OS (HR=1.72,95% CI=1.45-2.03), DFS (HR=1.42,95% CI=1.26-1.60) and CSS (HR=1.48,95% CI=1.26-1.75) in individuals with colorectal cancer. In addition, the subgroup analysis depicted a pattern consistent with the overall analysis results.ConclusionCT-defined sarcopenia exhibits promise as an indicator of survival prognosis in individuals with colorectal cancer. Future studies need a more rigorous definition of sarcopenia to further verify these findings.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42023431435.

ObjectiveTo predict the incidence trend of influenza-like illness proportion （ILI%） in Shanghai using the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average model （SARIMA）， and to provide an important reference for timely prevention and control measures.MethodsTime series analysis was performed on ILI% surveillance data of Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention from the 15th week of 2015 to the 52nd week of 2019， and a prediction model was established. Seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average （SARIMA） model was established using data from the foregoing 212 weeks， and prediction effect of the model was evaluated using data from the latter 36 weeks.ResultsFrom the 15th week of 2015 to the 52nd week of 2019， the average ILI% in Shanghai was 1.494%， showing an obvious epidemic peak. SARIMA（1，0，0） （2，0，0） 52 was finally modeled. The residual of the model was white noise sequence， and the true values were all within the 95% confidence interval of the predicted values.ConclusionSARIMA（1，0，0） （2，0，0） 52 can be used for the medium term prediction of ILI% in Shanghai， and can play an early warning role for the epidemic and outbreak of influenza in Shanghai.

Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury occurs frequently in various liver operations and diseases, but its effective treatment remains inadequate because the key switch that leads to hepatic explosive inflammation has not been well disclosed. Dual specificity phosphatase 9 (DUSP9) is widely involved in the innate immune response of solid organs and is sometimes regulated by ubiquitin. In the present study, we find that DUSP9 is reduced in mouse hepatic I/R injury. DUSP9 enrichment attenuates hepatic inflammation both in vivo and in vitro as revealed by western blot analysis and qRT-PCR. In contrast, DUSP9 depletion leads to more severe I/R injury. Mechanistically, DUSP9 inhibits the phosphorylation of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) by directly binding to ASK1, thereby decreasing tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), K63 ubiquitin and the phosphorylation of p38/JNK1 instead of ERK1. The present study documents a novel role of DUSP9 in hepatic I/R injury and implies the potential of targeting the DUSP9/ASK1 axis towards mitogen-activated protein kinase and TRAF6/inhibitor of κB kinase pathways.

Parasitoid wasps are rapidly developing as a model for evolutionary biology. Here, the authors analyze the genomes of two Anastatus wasps, revealing genomic innovations related to maintenance of genomic stability, and rapid turnover of venom genes.

Objective: This study aimed to increase the diversity of surimi products and promote the industrialized production of high-quality traditional food. Methods: Using frozen surimi and chicken breast as raw materials, double-protein vermicelli was prepared by extrusion molding. The effects of raw material composition on the quality of double-protein vermicelli were studied by measuring its holding capacity, pulping value, color, stretch, texture and sensory evaluation. Results: The optimal mixing ratio of surimi and chicken was 8∶2, and the optimal amount of water was 20%. The tensile strength, tensile deformation and total sensory scores of the dual protein fish filaments prepared under this condition were increased by 23.84%, 28.13% and 17.39%, respectively, compared with the shredded fish without chicken. When 30% potato starch was added, the tensile strength and tensile deformation of dual-protein filaments reached the maximum values, which were 4.47 N/cm2 and 3.27 mm/mm, respectively, and the water holding capacity was better (73.27%) with lower pulp value (10.45%). When 3.5% salt was added, the water holding capacity, tensile strength, tensile deformation, elasticity and adhesiveness of dual-protein filaments all reached the maximum values, which were 68.62%, 4.94 N/cm2, 4.97 mm/mm, 6.48 N and 4.63 N, respectively. Conclusion: The mixing ratio of surimi and chicken was 8∶2, with the water content of 20%, the potato starch of 30%, and the salt of 3.5%, the quality of fish-chicken dual-protein vermicelli was optimum.

G protein-coupled receptor 183 (GPR183) has been indicated to mediate the migration and localisation of immune cells in T cell-dependent antibody responses. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a canonical autoimmune disease involving B cell-mediated tolerance destruction and excessive pathogenic autoantibody production, in which multiple GPCRs play a role. To date, there has been no systematic study regarding the expression of GPR183 in lymphocyte subsets of SLE patients. In this research, firstly, we observed the expression trends of GRP183 in various T and B cell subsets in human tonsil tissues. These lymphocyte subsets include CD4+, CD8+, naïve T, effector T, Tfh, activated Tfh, Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg, CD19+CD27-, CD19+CD27+, naïve B, germinal centre B, memory B, and plasma cells. Further, compared with healthy controls (HCs), GPR183 expression levels in above peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets of patients with SLE were reduced overall. The differential expression of GPR183 expression between inactive and active SLE patients indicates that GPR183 expression may be concerned with the disease activity of SLE. This was further confirmed through the strong negative correlation with SLEDAI score and positive correlation with serum complement protein C3, C4 and C1q levels. Further receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that GPR183 expression in circulating CD27-IgD+ B cells may be beneficial in distinguishing between inactive and active SLE patients. In addition, type I interferon stimulation could down-regulate the expression of GPR183 in peripheral blood T and B cell subsets. Aberrant expression of GPR183 may provide some novel insights into disease activity prediction and underlying pathogenesis of SLE.

For GaN-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs), a suitable current confinement layer is essential for high-performance devices. The effect of different current confinement layers, including SiO2, AlN, and diamond, on the performance of GaN-based VCSELs was compared through simulation. The devices’ heat dissipation and current confinement characteristics were analyzed based on the electro-opto-thermal model. Considering thermal management, the diamond was a better candidate under high injected current. Benefiting from the excellent heat dissipation, the device with diamond shows a significant improvement in output power and the thermal roll-over current. This work gives a superior option for the current confinement layer and can be helpful for future design and fabrication of high-power GaN-based VCSELs.

Underground coal mining will inevitably cause serious ground deformation, and therefore, preventive mining-induced deformation analysis (MIDA) is of great importance in assisting mining planning and decision-making. Current web-based Geographic Information System (webGIS)-based applications usually use 2D GIS data and lack a holistic framework. This study presents a multi-scalar oblique photogrammetry-supported unified 3D webGIS framework for MIDA applications to fill this gap. The developed web platform uses multiple open-source JavaScript libraries, and the prototype system provides user-friendly interfaces for GIS data collecting and corresponding database establishment, geo-visualization and query, dynamic prediction, and spatial overlapping analysis within the same framework. The proposed framework was tested and evaluated in the Qianyingzi mining area in eastern China. The results demonstrated that multi-scalar oblique photogrammetry balances data quality and acquisition efficiency and provides a good source of GIS datasets, and the web-based platform has a good absolute and relative spatial accuracy verified by two types of validation data. Practical application results proved the feasibility and reliability of the system. The developed web-based MIDA prototype system attains an appealing performance and can be easily extended to similar geoscience applications.

As a prerequisite for many 3D visualization tasks, point cloud registration has a wide range of applications in 3D scene reconstruction, pose estimation, navigation, and remote sensing. However, due to the limited overlap of point clouds, the presence of noise and the incompleteness of the data, existing feature-based matching methods tend to produce higher outlier matches, thus reducing the quality of the registration. Therefore, the generation of reliable feature descriptors and the filtering of outliers become the key to solving these problems. To this end, we propose a multi-local-to-global registration (MLGR) method. First, in order to obtain reliable correspondences, we design a simple but effective network module named the local geometric network (LG-Net), which can generate discriminative feature descriptors to reduce the outlier matches by learning the local latent geometric information of the point cloud. In addition, we propose a multi-local-to-global registration strategy to further filter outlier matches. We compute the hypothetical transformation matrix from local patch matches. The point match evaluated as an inlier under multiple hypothetical transformations will receive a higher score, and low-scoring point matches will be rejected. Finally, our method is quite robust under different numbers of samples, as it does not require sampling a large number of correspondences to boost the performance. The numerous experiments on well-known public datasets, including KITTI, 3DMatch, and ModelNet, have proven the effectiveness and robustness of our method. Compared with the state of the art, our method has the lowest relative rotation error and relative translation error on the KITTI, and consistently leads in feature matching recall, inlier ratio, and registration recall on 3DMatch under different numbers of point correspondences, which proves the robustness of our method. In particular, the inlier ratio is significantly improved by 3.62% and 4.36% on 3DMatch and 3DLoMatch, respectively. In general, the performance of our method is more superior and robust than the current state of the art.

Objective To observe the effect of auricular acupoint sticking and pressing therapy on preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing thoracolumbar surgery under general anesthesia. Methods To retrospectively analysis the clinical data of 126 patients who underwent posterior thoracolumbar surgery under general anesthesia, including 37 patients who underwent auricular point sticking and pressing 24 hours before surgery (group A), 48 patients who underwent auricular point sticking and pressing after surgery(group B) and 41 patients without auricular acupoint sticking and pressing therapy after operation (group C). Incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting and PONV scores were recorded at 8 h, 24 h and 48 h after operation. Results Among the three groups of patients, group A had the lowest incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, and the lowest PONV score. The incidence of PONV at 48h after operation was 35. 13%, which was significantly lower than that in the group C(P

Abstract Deep penetration of outer radiation belt electrons to low L (

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are characterized by the activated JAK2/STAT pathway. Pleckstrin-2 (Plek2) is a downstream target of the JAK2/STAT5 pathway and is overexpressed in patients with MPNs. We previously revealed that Plek2 plays critical roles in the pathogenesis of JAK2-mutated MPNs. The nonessential roles of Plek2 under physiologic conditions make it an ideal target for MPN therapy. Here, we identified first-in-class Plek2 inhibitors through an in silico high-throughput screening approach and cell-based assays, followed by the synthesis of analogs. Plek2-specific small-molecule inhibitors showed potent inhibitory effects on cell proliferation. Mechanistically, Plek2 interacts with and enhances the activity of Akt through the recruitment of downstream effector proteins. The Plek2-signaling complex also includes Hsp72, which protects Akt from degradation. These functions were blocked by Plek2 inhibitors via their direct binding to the Plek2 dishevelled, Egl-10 and pleckstrin (DEP) domain. The role of Plek2 in activating Akt signaling was further confirmed in vivo using a hematopoietic-specific Pten-knockout mouse model. We next tested Plek2 inhibitors alone or in combination with an Akt inhibitor in various MPN mouse models, which showed significant therapeutic efficacies similar to that seen with the genetic depletion of Plek2. The Plek2 inhibitor was also effective in reducing proliferation of CD34-positive cells from MPN patients. Our studies reveal a Plek2/Akt complex that drives cell proliferation and can be targeted by a class of antiproliferative compounds for MPN therapy.

Abstract Background A fundamental feature of parasitism is the nutritional exploitation of host organisms by their parasites. Parasitoid wasps lay eggs on arthropod hosts, exploiting them for nutrition to support larval development by using diverse effectors aimed at regulating host metabolism. However, the genetic components and molecular mechanisms at the basis of such exploitation, especially the utilization of host amino acid resources, remain largely unknown. To address this question, here, we present a chromosome-level genome assembly of the parasitoid wasp Cotesia chilonis and reconstruct its amino acid biosynthetic pathway. Results Analyses of the amino acid synthetic pathway indicate that C. chilonis lost the ability to synthesize ten amino acids, which was confirmed by feeding experiments with amino acid-depleted media. Of the ten pathways, nine are known to have been lost in the common ancestor of animals. We find that the ability to synthesize arginine was also lost in C. chilonis because of the absence of two key genes in the arginine synthesis pathway. Further analyses of the genomes of 72 arthropods species show that the loss of arginine synthesis is common in arthropods. Metabolomic analyses by UPLC-MS/MS reveal that the temporal concentrations of arginine, serine, tyrosine, and alanine are significantly higher in host (Chilo suppressalis) hemolymph at 3 days after parasitism, whereas the temporal levels of 5-hydroxylysine, glutamic acid, methionine, and lysine are significantly lower. We sequence the transcriptomes of a parasitized host and non-parasitized control. Differential gene expression analyses using these transcriptomes indicate that parasitoid wasps inhibit amino acid utilization and activate protein degradation in the host, likely resulting in the increase of amino acid content in host hemolymph. Conclusions We sequenced the genome of a parasitoid wasp, C. chilonis, and revealed the features of trait loss in amino acid biosynthesis. Our work provides new insights into amino acid exploitation by parasitoid wasps, and this knowledge can specifically be used to design parasitoid artificial diets that potentially benefit mass rearing of parasitoids for pest control.

The specificity of the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) used in the RNA interference (RNAi) technique is crucial for the success of sequence-specific gene silencing. Currently, RNAi-mediated insect control is a trending research topic. However, the off-target effects of the dsRNA in RNAi are a major concern. In this study, the dsHvβ´COPI (coat protein complex I, β´ subunit)-treated and untreated transcriptomes of the 28-spotted potato lady beetle (Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata) were compared to understand its off-target gene silencing effects. The RNA-seq results revealed that 63 and 44 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in the dsHvβ´COPI treated group as compared with the control. Validation of the differential expressions of some selected DEGs via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis confirmed the reliability of the transcriptome analysis results. Further downstream analysis revealed that there were no genes homologous with Hvβ´COPI in H. vigintioctopunctata. Additionally, no genes with a >11 bp continuous match with dsHvβ´COPI were found in the H. vigintioctopunctata transcriptome. Six genes (Hvcitron, Hvhelicase, Hvtransposase, Hvserine, Hvdynein, and HvE3 ubiquitin) were selected to examine the off-target activity of dsHvβ´COPI based on their potential involvement in various H. vigintioctopunctata metabolic pathways. The severity of silencing these six off-target genes was evaluated by employing RNAi. The RNAi results confirmed the downregulation of the expression of all six genes, although there was no significant lethality. The findings of this study will be helpful in the risk analysis of future RNAi-mediated pest control experiments.

Adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a pivotal regulatory protein in energy metabolism. In a pilot study, we found that AMPK-associated energy metabolism imbalance in neurons contributes to the occurrence and maintenance of neuropathic pain (NeP). This study aimed to explore the relationship between genetic polymorphisms of AMPK gene (Rs13361707, rs3792822, and rs10074991) in PRKAA1 and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) in Chinese individuals. Hundred and thirty two patients with PHN and 118 control individuals were enrolled in this study. All blood samples were shuffled and blinded to the person performing the haplotype analysis. Rs13361707, rs3792822, and rs10074991 PRKAA1 genotypes were identified in all participants. Dominant and recessive models were used for evaluating the association between these nucleotide polymorphisms and PHN susceptibility. A haplotype analysis of PHN patients and healthy controls was performed. Clinical characteristics between the two groups were not significantly different (p > 0.05) except that the ages in control subjects were younger than the PHN patients (p 0.05). In addition, the CCG haplotype of rs13361707-rs3792822-rs10074991 correlated negatively with PHN occurrence, but TCA was positively correlated with PHN (p

Optically pumped wavelength-tunable vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) operating in the ultraviolet A (UVA) spectrum were demonstrated. The VCSELs feature double dielectric distributed brag reflectors and a wedge-shaped cavity fabricated using the substrate transfer technique and laser lift off, resulting in a graded cavity length in one device. A resonant period gain structure is used in the InGaN/GaN multi-quantum well active region to enhance the coupling between the cavity mode field and the active layers. The optical field inside the cavity is modulated by the cavity length; thus, tunable lasing at different wavelengths is realized at different points of a single VCSEL chip. The lasing wavelength extends from 376 to 409 nm, covering most of the UVA band below the band gap of GaN. The threshold pumping power density of the UVA VCSELs at different wavelengths ranges from 383 to 466 kW/cm2, which is among the lowest values for ultraviolet (UV) VCSELs. This study is promising for the development of small-footprint, power-efficient UV light sources.

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are age-related myeloid neoplasms with increased risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The mechanisms of transformation of MDS to AML are poorly understood, especially in relation to the aging microenvironment. We previously established an mDia1/miR-146a double knockout (DKO) mouse model phenocopying MDS. These mice develop age-related pancytopenia with oversecretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Here, we found that most of the DKO mice underwent leukemic transformation at 12–14 months of age. These mice showed myeloblast replacement of fibrotic bone marrow and widespread leukemic infiltration. Strikingly, depletion of IL-6 in these mice largely rescued the leukemic transformation and markedly extended survival. Single-cell RNA sequencing analyses revealed that DKO leukemic mice had increased monocytic blasts that were reduced with IL-6 knockout. We further revealed that the levels of surface and soluble IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) in the bone marrow were significantly increased in high-risk MDS patients. Similarly, IL-6R was also highly expressed in older DKO mice. Blocking of IL-6 signaling significantly ameliorated AML progression in the DKO model and clonogenicity of CD34-positive cells from MDS patients. Our study establishes a mouse model of progression of age-related MDS to AML and indicates the clinical significance of targeting IL-6 signaling in treating high-risk MDS.

Summary: Genome size (GS) can vary considerably between phylogenetically close species, but the landscape of GS changes in insects remain largely unclear. To better understand the specific evolutionary factors that determine GS in insects, we examined flow cytometry-based published GS data from 1,326 insect species, spanning 700 genera, 155 families, and 21 orders. Model fitting showed that GS generally followed an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck adaptive evolutionary model in Insecta overall. Ancestral reconstruction indicated a likely GS of 1,069 Mb, suggesting that most insect clades appeared to undergo massive genome expansions or contractions. Quantification of genomic components in 56 species from nine families in four insect orders revealed that the proliferation of transposable elements contributed to high variation in GS between close species, such as within Coleoptera. This study sheds lights on the pattern of GS variation in insects and provides a better understanding of insect GS evolution.

Abstract Background Hymenoptera comprise extremely diverse insect species with extensive variation in their life histories. The Dryinidae, a family of solitary wasps of Hymenoptera, have evolved innovations that allow them to hunt using venom and a pair of chelae developed from the fore legs that can grasp prey. Dryinidae larvae are also parasitoids of Auchenorrhyncha, a group including common pests such as planthoppers and leafhoppers. Both of these traits make them effective and valuable for pest control, but little is yet known about the genetic basis of its dual adaptation to parasitism and predation. Results We sequenced and assembled a high-quality genome of the dryinid wasp Gonatopus flavifemur, which at 636.5 Mb is larger than most hymenopterans. The expansion of transposable elements, especially DNA transposons, is a major contributor to the genome size enlargement. Our genome-wide screens reveal a number of positively selected genes and rapidly evolving proteins involved in energy production and motor activity, which may contribute to the predatory adaptation of dryinid wasp. We further show that three female-biased, reproductive-associated yellow genes, in response to the prey feeding behavior, are significantly elevated in adult females, which may facilitate the egg production. Venom is a powerful weapon for dryinid wasp during parasitism and predation. We therefore analyze the transcriptomes of venom glands and describe specific expansions in venom Idgf-like genes and neprilysin-like genes. Furthermore, we find the LWS2-opsin gene is exclusively expressed in male G. flavifemur, which may contribute to partner searching and mating. Conclusions Our results provide new insights into the genome evolution, predatory adaptation, venom evolution, and sex-biased genes in G. flavifemur, and present genomic resources for future in-depth comparative analyses of hymenopterans that may benefit pest control.

Abstract Background Hyperoxia-mediated inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the retina is the main cause of impeded angiogenesis during phase I retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Human retinal angiogenesis involves the proliferation, migration and vessel-forming ability of microvascular endothelial cells. Previous studies have confirmed that BTB and CNC homology l (BACH1) can inhibit VEGF and angiogenesis, while haem can specifically degrade BACH1. However, the effect of haem on endothelial cells and ROP remains unknown. Methods In this report, we established a model of the relative hyperoxia of phase I ROP by subjecting human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) to 40% hyperoxia. Haem was added, and its effects on the growth and viability of HMEC-1 cells were evaluated. Cell counting kit 8 (CCK8) and 5-ethynyl-2′-deox-yuridine (EdU) assays were used to detect proliferation, whereas a wound healing assay and Matrigel cultures were used to detect the migration and vessel-forming ability, respectively. Western blot (WB) and immunofluorescence (IF) assays were used to detect the relative protein levels of BACH1 and VEGF. Results HMEC-1 cells could absorb extracellular haem under normoxic or hyperoxic conditions. The proliferation, migration and angiogenesis abilities of HMEC-1 cells were inhibited under hyperoxia. Moderate levels of haem can promote endothelial cell proliferation, while 20 μM haem could inhibit BACH1 expression, promote VEGF expression, and relieve the inhibition of proliferation, migration and angiogenesis in HMEC-1 cells induced by hyperoxia. Conclusions Haem (20 μM) can relieve hyperoxia-induced inhibition of VEGF activity in HMEC-1 cells by inhibiting BACH1 and may be a potential medicine for overcoming stunted retinal angiogenesis induced by relative hyperoxia in phase I ROP.

Abstract Telomere dysfunction causes chromosomal instability which is associated with many cancers and age-related diseases. The non-coding telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) forms a structural and regulatory component of the telomere that is implicated in telomere maintenance and chromosomal end protection. The basic N-terminal Gly/Arg-rich (GAR) domain of telomeric repeat-binding factor 2 (TRF2) can bind TERRA but the structural basis and significance of this interaction remains poorly understood. Here, we show that TRF2 GAR recognizes G-quadruplex features of TERRA. We show that small molecules that disrupt the TERRA-TRF2 GAR complex, such as N-methyl mesoporphyrin IX (NMM) or genetic deletion of TRF2 GAR domain, result in the loss of TERRA, and the induction of γH2AX-associated telomeric DNA damage associated with decreased telomere length, and increased telomere aberrations, including telomere fragility. Taken together, our data indicates that the G-quadruplex structure of TERRA is an important recognition element for TRF2 GAR domain and this interaction between TRF2 GAR and TERRA is essential to maintain telomere stability.

Abstract Target‐site mutations and detoxification gene overexpression are two major mechanisms conferring insecticide resistance. Molecular assays applied to detect these resistance genetic markers are time‐consuming and with high false‐positive rates. RNA‐Seq data contains information on the variations within expressed genomic regions and expression of detoxification genes. However, there is no corresponding method to detect resistance markers at present. Here, we collected 66 reported resistance mutations of four insecticide targets (AChE, VGSC, RyR, and nAChR) from 82 insect species. Next, we obtained 403 sequences of the four target genes and 12,665 sequences of three kinds of detoxification genes including P450s, GSTs, and CCEs. Then, we developed a Perl program, FastD, to detect target‐site mutations and overexpressed detoxification genes from RNA‐Seq data and constructed a web server for FastD (http://www.insect-genome.com/fastd). The estimation of FastD on simulated RNA‐Seq data showed high sensitivity and specificity. We applied FastD to detect resistant markers in 15 populations of six insects, Plutella xylostella, Aphis gossypii, Anopheles arabiensis, Musca domestica, Leptinotarsa decemlineata and Apis mellifera. Results showed that 11 RyR mutations in P. xylostella, one nAChR mutation in A. gossypii, one VGSC mutation in A. arabiensis and five VGSC mutations in M. domestica were found to be with frequency difference >40% between resistant and susceptible populations including previously confirmed mutations G4946E in RyR, R81T in nAChR and L1014F in VGSC. And 49 detoxification genes were found to be overexpressed in resistant populations compared with susceptible populations including previously confirmed detoxification genes CYP6BG1, CYP6CY22, CYP6CY13, CYP6P3, CYP6M2, CYP6P4 and CYP4G16. The candidate target‐site mutations and detoxification genes were worth further validation. Resistance estimates according to confirmed markers were consistent with population phenotypes, confirming the reliability of this program in predicting population resistance at omics‐level.