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The landing gear should be able to achieve safe and rapid separation from the aircraft body under overload conditions. To clarify the effect of breakaway groove on the breakaway load of emergency fuse-pin for civil main landing gear, a series of FEM simulations are conducted to study the influence of structural changes of breakaway groove on the breakaway load for outer-groove, long outer-groove, inner-groove and short inner-groove emergency fuse-pin. The breakaway load and failure mode are comparatively analyzed between inner-groove and outer-groove emergency fuse-pin by experimental tests. The results show that the breakaway failure of fuse-pin is extended from inside to outside. The breakaway loads increase with the increasing of the sectional area and exhibit a linear relationship. The breakaway load variation with the sectional area（shear strength coefficient）of through-hole pin is the maximum, followed by outer-groove pin, and the inner-groove pin is the minimum. Compared with other pins, the breakaway load of inner-groove pin is easy to control and less affected by sectional area and overall size. The fracture morphology is changed from ductile fracture of outer-groove pin to brittle fracture of inner-groove pin. Accordingly, the design of inner-groove pin meets the aviation regulations requirement for civil main landing gear.

【Objective】 Black soil is widely distributed in northeastern China and other countries. Machinery operations in agricultural production in these regions has resulted in soil compaction. In this paper, we investigated the impact of soil compaction on growth, yield, and nitrogen use efficiency of maize in the black soil. 【Method】 The field experiment compared three soil compactions: low compaction (C1), moderate compaction (C2) and high compaction (C3). For each compaction, there were two fertilization treatments: nitrogen fertilization (F) and no fertilization (F0). In each treatment, we measured the growth, yield and nitrogen use efficiency of the maize. 【Result】 Increasing soil compaction significantly reduced leaf area index (LAI) and plant height of the maize. Nitrogen fertilization affected plant height significantly but did not impact LAI at significant levels. Soil compaction also impacted grain yield significantly, with the high and moderate soil compaction reducing grain yield by 24% and 10%, respectively, compared to the light compaction. Soil compaction and nitrogen fertilization combined to impact nitrate in the soil. Elaborated soil compaction inhibited maize growth, reduced nitrogen absorption, leading to an increase in residual nitrate nitrogen in soil as a result. Soil compaction also influenced nitrogen uptake and its subsequent translocation in the above-ground part of the maize. Nitrogen fertilization increased nitrogen absorption by the crop significantly, but reduced nitrogen use efficiency, especially in the high compaction treatment. 【Conclusion】 Elaborated compaction of the black soil due to machinery operations severely inhibited growth, absorption and use of nitrogen of the maize, thereby leading to an increase in residual nitrate nitrogen in the soil and reducing grain yield as a result.

As an urbanization effort propelled by administrative measures, city-county merger has been particularly prevalent in the administrative district adjustments of prefecture-level cities in China. However, there has been scant research focusing on the policy’s impact on the efficiency of green utilization of urban land. We selected panel data from Chinese prefecture-level cities from 2003 to 2020, employing the slack-based measure (SBM) model that accounts for undesirable outputs, in conjunction with the Malmquist-Luenberger (ML) productivity index, to measure the efficiency of green land use in cities. Building on this, we utilized the staggered difference-in-differences (DID) model to investigate the impact of policies expanding cities through land leasing on the green utilization efficiency of urban land. Our findings indicate that the city-county merger has generally led to a decline in the efficiency of green utilization of urban land. Further mechanism analysis suggests that local governments’ excessive focus on land leasing for economic development, leading to a low-quality development model, is a significant factor contributing to the decline in green utilization efficiency of urban land. Specifically, the city-county merger policy indirectly reduces land green utilization efficiency by increasing industrial land leasing revenue, the number of industrial polluting enterprises, lowering the rationalization level of urban industrial structure, and raising the overachievement of urban economic growth targets. Further research reveals that the policy has heterogeneous impacts on land green utilization efficiency across different regions, city sizes, administrative levels, economic development levels, and urban planning types. The policy has a more significant inhibitory effect on land green utilization efficiency in non-eastern regions, smaller cities, peripheral cities, underdeveloped cities, and resource-based cities. Our study confirms that as a significant urbanization reform initiative, the effectiveness of the city-county merger still relies on the traditional extensive growth model based on land expansion, which is not conducive to enhancing the efficiency of green land use in cities.

Objective: A new type of natural food preservative with pork liver as the main raw material was developed. Methods: Water-soluble porcine liver protein (WSLP), salt-soluble porcine liver protein (SSLP) and chitosan (CS) were combined to create edible composite membranes. The edible membrane components were then examined from a variety of perspectives using mechanical properties, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and microstructure analysis. Utilized to preserve pork, and by contrasting the changes in the physical and chemical indices during the chilling process, the freshness retention capabilities of the composite film were investigated. Results: With the addition of WSLP and SSLP, the mechanical properties of edible film showed a trend of increasing firstly and then decreasing. The film was best when the amount was 40%, its film thickness was (0.267±0.001 43) and (0.264±0.001 21) mm, the tensile strength was (9.63±0.29) and (4.43±0.37) MPa, and the elongation at break was (58.37±0.90)% and (28.24±0.63)%, respectively, which were significantly different from CS film (P

Currently,the research on the low-frequency brake coupling vibration of aircraft landing gear mainly focuses on the analysis of the longitudinal single degree of freedom vibration characteristics of landing gear considering the influence of tire parameters,but the research on the multi-degree-of-freedom low-frequency brake coupling vibration characteristic is relatively lacking. A taxiing and braking analysis model for rigid-flexible coupling of two-wheel strut landing gear is established in the Simcenter 3D dynamics analysis software. The effect of wheel vertical stiffness and cornering stiffness on multi-freedom coupling vibration of telescopic landing gear with two wheels is studied. The results show that the vertical stiffness of the tire is of a great influence on the vibration of the landing gear in the lateral and torsional direction. The vertical stiffness of the tire changes by 33% and the vibration in the lateral and torsional direction changes by about 5%. The cornering stiffness of the tire is of a great influence on the vibration of the landing gear in the lateral. The cornering stiffness of the tire changes by 33% and the vibration in the lateral direction changes by about 15%.

【Objective】 Maize is an important staple crop in central and northern China, and during certain seasons, its cultivation needs irrigation. This paper studied]s the intertwined effect of irrigation amount and method on soil CO2 emissions and the yield of summer maize. 【Method】 The field experiment compared two irrigation methods: conventional drip irrigation (DI) and alternating drip irrigation (ADI). For each irrigation, there were two irrigation amounts: 36 and 27 mm. In each treatment, we measured CO2 emission using the Li-8100A. We also measured soil enzymatic activity, soil water content and temperature, and grain yield, from which we analyzed the dependence of soil CO2 emission on soil water-filled porosity (WFPS) and soil temperature. 【Result】 Compared to DI, ADI reduced cumulative soil CO2 emission by 12% to 17%. Increasing irrigation amount from 27 mm to 36 mm increased cumulative soil CO2 emissions, despite the increase depending on irrigation method. A notable correlation was found between soil CO2 emission and WFPS and soil temperature in the 0~10 cm soil layer. The impact of soil water and temperature on CO2 emission was intertwined. Irrigation amount and method both affected soil enzyme activity via their effect on WFPS and soil temperature, which serve as a regulatory mechanism impacting soil CO2 emissions. Irrigation amount and method also significantly affected maize yield. Compared with DI with irrigation amount of 36 cm, ADI with irrigation amount of 27 mm reduced the yield by 8.7%, but it reduced the cumulative CO2 emission by 19%. 【Conclusion】 ADI with 27 mm of irrigation was most effective to ensure maize yield while reducing soil CO2 emissions. It is a water-saving and emission-reducing irrigation method and can be used as an improved agronomic practice for maize production in the studied region.

Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells are commonly used to produce cell-based influenza vaccines. However, the role of the low-serum medium on the proliferation of MDCK cells and the propagation of the influenza virus has not been well studied. In the present study, we used 5 of 15 culture methods with different concentrations of a mixed medium and neonatal bovine serum (NBS) to determine the best culture medium. We found that a VP:M199 ratio of 1:2 (3% NBS) was suitable for culturing MDCK cells. Furthermore, the stable growth of MDCK cells and the production of the influenza virus were evaluated over long-term passaging. We found no significant difference in terms of cell growth and virus production between high and low passages of MDCK cells under low-serum culture conditions, regardless of influenza virus infection. Lastly, we performed a comparison of the transcriptomics and proteomics of MDCK cells cultured in VP:M199 = 1:2 (3% NBS) with those cultured in VP:M199 = 1:2 (5% NBS) before and after influenza virus infection. The transcriptome analysis showed that differentially expressed genes were predominantly enriched in the metabolic pathway and MAPK signaling pathway, indicating an activated state. This suggests that decreasing the concentration of serum in the medium from 5% to 3% may increase the metabolic activity of cells. Proteomics analysis showed that only a small number of differentially expressed proteins could not be enriched for analysis, indicating minimal difference in the protein levels of MDCK cells when the serum concentration in the medium was decreased from 5% to 3%. Altogether, our findings suggest that the screening and application of a low-serum medium provide a background for the development and optimization of cell-based influenza vaccines.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most frequently occurring interior modification in eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA), and abnormal mRNA modifications can affect many biological processes. However, m6A’s effect on the metabolism of antiplatelet drugs for the prevention of ischemic stroke (IS) remains largely unclear.

Under the background of economic globalization, green supply chain management has become a key strategic management tool for enterprises to improve their competitiveness as well as sustainable development. This paper proposes the objective function and constraints in supply chain network optimization based on the policies related to the dual-carbon target and the requirements in the cross-border industrial cooperation model and uses the robust model to solve and realize the establishment of the supply chain network optimization model. The simulation test found that the solving efficiency of this model and the control of carbon emissions are better than the traditional genetic algorithm. Meanwhile, after the optimization of this model, the supplier delivery rate of cross-border enterprise Y can reach 91.28%, which is far beyond the target expectation, and the carbon emission of the enterprise is far below the carbon emission limit, so the green cross-border supply chain network can be realized. The model in this paper can improve the weak link in the green management decision of cross-border supply chain network, strengthen the application of a robust model in the design and optimization of cross-border supply chain network, and provide auxiliary decision-making support for the construction of cross-border supply chain network scientifically and effectively.

【Objective】 Nitrification inhibitors have been increasingly used over the last decades to reduce nitrogen loss from soil. The objective of this paper is to investigate the combined influence of irrigation and nitrification inhibitors on ammonia volatilization and enzymatic activity in soil. 【Objective】 The experiment was conducted in a summer maize field using 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) as the nitrification inhibitor. There were four treatments: conventional subsurface drip irrigation with (DI+DMPP) and without (DI+NO) applying DMPP, alternate subsurface drip irrigation with (ADI+DMPP) and without (ADI+NO) applying DMPP. In each treatment, we measured the ammonia volatilization rate at different growing stages, accumulation of ammonia volatilization over the whole growth season, as well as enzymatic activities in the soil. 【Result】 Irrigation method and DMPP both affected NH3 volatilization, but the effect varied with growing stage. Applying DMPP increased ammonia volatilization rate significantly at jointing stage, heading stage, and filling stage, regardless of the irrigation method. It was found that the alternate drip irrigation reduced ammonia volatilization rate significantly but only at the booting stage. Compared to DI treatments, ADI treatments reduced ammonia volatilization accumulation by 12.70%~45.45%, but applying DMPP increased ammonia volatilization from both irrigation treatments significantly. At the heading stage, ADI treatments improved the activities of catalase, alkaline phosphatase and FDA hydrolase in the root zone, but had no significant effect on urease activity. Applying DMPP did not show a noticeable effect on enzymatic activity in the root zone. 【Conclusion】 Alternate surface drip irrigation without applying nitrification inhibitors can effectively reduce ammonia volatilization and nitrogen loss. It can be used as an improved agronomic method for sustainable production of maize in the studied area.

ABSTRACTSeasonal influenza, causes hundreds of thousands of deaths annually, posing a severe threat to human health. Currently available influenza vaccines are targeted only at specific strains or conserved epitopes; however, these vaccines are not completely efficacious because influenza viruses can undergo mutation during circulation, leading to antigenic mismatch between recommended strains and circulating strains and elusion from the immune system. Therefore, developing an influenza vaccine that is quick, effective, and broadly protective has become crucial, and the integral part of hemagglutinin (HA) remains an ideal target for vaccine development. This study developed a lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine (mRNA-LNPs) encoding a consensus full-length HA sequence (H1c) and evaluated its protective efficacy and immunogenicity through in vitro and in vivo assays. Following two intramuscular immunizations (2, 10 µg, or 20 µg) at a 3-week interval in BALB/c mice, H1c-mRNA-LNP vaccine induced strong antibodies as shown in the hemagglutination-inhibition test and protective neutralizing antibodies against numerous heterologous H1N1 influenza viruses as shown in the microneutralization assay. Additionally, both Th1- and Th2-biased cellular immune responses were elicited, with the Th1-biased response being stronger. Two doses of the H1c-mRNA-LNP vaccine could neutralize a panel of heterologous H1N1 influenza viruses and could confer protection in mice. Taken together, these findings suggest that the H1c-mRNA-LNP vaccine encoding a consensus full-length HA is a feasible strategy for developing a cross-protective vaccine against a panel of heterologous H1N1 influenza viruses.

With the continuous progress of China’s aging population, the number of stroke patients is increasing. The sequelae of hemiplegia caused by stroke have a serious impact on the economic and psychological convenience of patients and their families. Moxibustion, acupoint application, Traditional Chinese Medicine fumigation and washing and other Traditional Chinese Medicine nursing techniques are widely used in clinical practice. This paper summarized the application of Traditional Chinese Medicine nursing technology in rehabilitation nursing of stroke hemiplegia patients, and provided reference for recovery of motor function and improving the quality of life of hemiplegic patients. (脑卒中偏瘫严重影响患者生活质量。艾灸、穴位贴敷、中药熏洗等中医护理技术在临床应用广泛, 且效果明显。本研究对中医护理技术在脑卒中偏瘫患者康复护理中的应用现状进行总结, 旨在为进一步改善脑卒中偏瘫患者肢体活动能力提供参考。)

Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3), an adaptor protein, has significant and varying effects on immunity depending on cell types. The role of TRAF3 in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney Epithelial (MDCK) cell resistance to influenza A virus (IVA) remains elusive. In the present study, CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology was used to construct the TRAF3 knockout MDCK cells (MDCK-TRAF3−/−). Hemagglutination assay, plaque assay, transcriptome, and quantitative real-time PCR were performed after IVA infection. The results showed that after IVA infection, HA titers and virus titers were promoted, interferon I-related pathways were significantly blocked, and transcription of several antiviral-related genes was significantly decreased in MDCK-TRAF3−/− cells. Thus, our study suggests that TRAF3 gene knockout reduced MDCK cell's resistance to IVA, thereby resulting in a promising way for IVA isolation and vaccine manufacturing.

Oil tank of high voltage transformer plates. During welding and operation, defects such as incomplete fusion, incomplete penetration , air holes and cracks may be produced which influence the integrity and density of the welds and the whole tank. In order to test the integrity of the shell weld of high-pressure transformer box and ensure no leakage of transformer oil, the phased array testing technology is used to detect the defects of the butt weld of the transformer oil tank. The characteristics of weld defect detection under the condition of incomplete penetration were studied, and the sound beam accessibility, process selection principle and probe selection principle were theoretically analyzed. The test tests were carried out on the artificial samples of the butt weld of the transformer oil tank plate. The results show that the phased array can effectively detect the defects in the weld of transformer tank shell under the condition of incomplete welding, and the imaging results are intuitive and easy to judge, which can effectively evaluate the integrity of transformer tank weld. During the process selection, the probe-wedge combination with appropriate front distance and detection Angle should be selected according to the wall thickness, weld penetration depth and crown width of the transformer oil tank. During defects judgment, the interference of structure echo wave and incomplete penetration area should be considered. The assistant defect positioning analysis based on incomplete penetration is also suggested.

In order to improve the information management level of biomass energy industry, it is necessary to build and improve the data resource management platform of biomass energy engineering, so as to grasp the detailed operation status and production situation of biomass energy engineering in real time. In this paper, the data mining concept and technology based on Hadoop are applied to the construction of data resource management platform of biomass energy engineering, which solves the difficult problems of mass data collection, storage, processing and analysis of biomass energy. The bottleneck of Apriori algorithm in processing big data lies in the high time complexity. Aiming at this shortcoming of Apriori, this paper combines Apriori algorithm with Hadoop framework, and combine Apriori algorithm with Hadoop framework, and test the data mining of Apriori algorithm after combination. Results The test realized the optimal design of storage mode of massive database, and the performance of Apriori algorithm was improved by 40% compared with traditional Apriori algorithm.

Polyaluminocarbosilane (PACS) as a single-source-precursor of SiAlC(O) ceramic was prepared by reacting a hyperbranched allylhydridopolycarbosilane (AHPCS) and aluminum(iii) acetylacetonate (Al(acac)3), and the PACS was characterized using gel-permeation chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic-resonance spectroscopy. The polymer-to-ceramic transformation of the obtained PACSs was investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The ceramic yield of the PACS was approximately 15% higher than that of the original AHPCS at 1,200°C. The phase composition and microstructure of the final ceramics were studied by X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The introduction of aluminum to the SiC(O) ceramics suppressed the β-SiC crystal growth and improved the density of the ceramics that were annealed at 1,800°C, which is advantageous for high-temperature ceramics. The aluminum content of the SiAlC(O) ceramics can be readily controlled by the Al(acac)3 content in the PACS precursors.

The soil microbial community is critically important in plant nutrition and health. However, this community is extremely sensitive to various environmental conditions. A pot experiment was conducted during the wheat seedling stage to better understand the influences of the coupled application of nitrogen (N) and microbial decomposing inoculants (MDI) on the soil bacteria community under different water regimes. There were two levels of water and six levels of fertilization. The results reveal that water stress increased the relative abundance of Acidobacteria and decreased that of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. The application of 250 kg N ha−1 altered the diversity of the bacterial community but increased the relative abundance of nitrifying bacteria. Nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions were negatively correlated with Myxococcota and Methylomirabilota while positively correlated with Patescibacteria. These two gases were also positively correlated with nitrifying bacteria, and the correlation was more significant under the full irrigation regime. These findings indicate that MDI does not substantially influence the soil bacterial community and its relationship with greenhouse gas emission at the wheat seedling stage and that the abundance of the soil bacterial community would mainly depend on the rational control of the amount of N and water applied.

There is no consensus on whether state-owned enterprises (SOEs) or privately-owned enterprises (POEs) pollute more. This study explores the impact of ownership on pollution emission intensity using micro-data from Chinese industrial enterprises. From the perspective of energy efficiency, the mechanism of ownership affecting pollution emissions is explored further. Research results show that the pollution emission intensity of SOEs is significantly higher than that of POEs. The underlying reason is the low energy efficiency of SOEs, and energy efficiency plays an important mediating role in the relationship between ownership and pollution emissions. Among industrial waste gas, nitrogen oxides (NOx) and dust emissions, energy efficiency plays the largest mediating effect between ownership and NOx emissions. Additionally, in both high-polluting and low-polluting industries, SOEs’ pollutant emission intensity is higher than that of POEs, however, the mediation effect of energy efficiency is greater in low-polluting industries. In cities with high growth pressure, SOEs’ pollutant emission intensity is more significant than that of POEs. On the contrary, there are no noticeable differences in pollutant emission intensity between SOEs and POEs in cities with low growth pressure. But the mediation effect of energy efficiency is more significant in cities with high growth pressure. Industrial enterprises are the ultimate sources of industrial pollution. Therefore, the formulation of effective environmental policies cannot be separated from the analysis of enterprises’ emission behaviors and the assessment of micro factors affecting emissions. The conclusions of this study provide a basis for developing countries to formulate environmental policies for industrial enterprises.

Objective To evaluate the effect of the knee and ankle joint angles on the stiffness of triceps surae in healthy men by shear wave elastography (SWE). Methods Twenty male healthy volunteers who underwent physical examination in Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine from January 2021 to June 2021 were collected. Under the condition of full knee extension (0 °) or flexion (90 °), SWE was used to assess the muscle stiffness at 25° dorsiflexion, 0° and 50° plantar flexion of the ankle. Results The stiffness of medial head of gastrocnemius(MG), lateral head of gastrocnemius(LG) and soleus (Sol) in knee extension position was significantly higher than that in knee flexion position at different ankle angles (P0.05). When knee flexion was 90°, only LG and sol stiffness increased with the increase of ankle dorsiflexion angle (P

3-Decalinoyltetramic acids (DTAs) are a class of natural products with chemical diversity and potent bioactivities. In fungal species there is a general biosynthetic route to synthesize this type of compounds, which usually features a polyketide synthase-nonribosomal peptide synthetase (PKS-NRPS) and a lipocalin-like Diels-Alderase (LLDAse). Using a synthetic biology approach, combining the bioinformatics analysis prediction and heterologous expression, we mined a PKS-NRPS and LLDAse encoding gene cluster from the plant pathogenic fungus Macrophomina phaseolina and characterized the cluster to be responsible for the biosynthesis of novel DTAs, macrophasetins. In addition, we investigated the biosynthesis of these compounds and validated the accuracy of the phylogeny-guided bioinformatics analysis prediction. Our results provided a proof of concept example to this approach, which may facilitate the discovery of novel DTAs from the fungal kingdom.

With the rapid development of economy, China’s energy is in the stage of rapid transformation, and the market demand for comprehensive energy service in the whole society is increasing. Therefore, China needs to vigorously promote the construction of a comprehensive energy system energy supply mode with new energy as the main body, so as to realize the reasonable allocation of resources and the high proportion of clean energy consumption. To effectively evaluate the quality of the system operating benefits, this paper with a variety of typical comprehensive energy system as the background, through the establishment of comprehensive energy system scenario operating benefit evaluation index system, build index based on hierarchical analysis method weight model and entropy method of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model, evaluate the benefits of various types of comprehensive energy system.

Molar diffusion mechanism is generally considered to be the main physical process of gas transport at the soil–atmosphere interface. However, the advection mechanism in porous medium can considerably affect soil gas transport. Barometric pressure fluctuations caused by pressure pumps is one of the main factors that affects the advection mechanism. Most of the existing studies are overly focused on the construction of complex mathematical models and cannot exclude other environmental factors from interfering. In the present study, a simple attenuation form of barometric fluctuations was explored as a “minimum unit” of pressure wave in laboratory. A pressure attenuation model (PAM) was developed to verify the relationship between pressure difference and gas emission from soil surface by measuring the change in pressure attenuation. The effect of pressure fluctuations on soil surface gas fluxes was then quantified based on the calculated fluxes. In addition, the relationship between the physical properties of the soil medium and the change in pressure was also analyzed. The results show that fluctuations in air pressure can cause a change in soil CO2 fluxes by an order of magnitude (change of 1 Pa can result in approximately 100% change in flux for sandy loam). The sensitivity of different soil medium to pressure differences was positively correlated with soil gas permeability, which is the main physical property of soil that influences the response of gas to pressure fluctuations. These results provide important prerequisites for quantifying more complex pressure fluctuations in a future study.

Aiming at the fact that the vibration signal of rolling bearing would exactly display non-stationary characteristics and fault features hard to extracted,a fault method of rolling bearing based on local characteristic-scale decomposition（ LCD）and multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis（ MF-DFA） was proposed. Firstly,the vibration signals was decomposed into several intrinsic scale components（ ISC）. Secondly,the intrinsic features hidden in each major ISC were extracted by using MFDFA,among which the generalized Hurst exponents are selected as fault feature. Thirdly,liner local tangent space alignment（ LLTSA） was applied to compress the high-dimension features into low-dimension features which insensitive to fault. Finally,the support vector machine（ SVM） was employed to diagnosis fault. Experiment results of rolling bearing show that the proposed method can classify typical fault of rolling bearing exactly and has certain superiority.

Aiming at the problem that accuracy of orthogonal locality preserving projections（OLPP） for fault diagnosis is not high enough,a fault diagnosis method based on semi-supervised neighborhood adaptive orthogonal locality preserving projections（SSNA-OLPP） for dimension reduction is proposed.In this method,fault features that can represent the fault state is firstly constructed based on local characteristic-scale decomposition（LCD） and time-frequency domain feature.And then,the SSNA-OLPP is used to compress the high-dimension feature into low-dimension feature which has better discrimination.Finally,the low-dimension feature are input support vector machine（SVM） to identification fault.SSNA-OLPP can adaptive adjust the neighborhood with the guidance of local cluster coefficient,at the same time,information of some labeled samples are also used to adjust the weight matrix among all samples in the original characteristic space,as a result,better fault diagnosis accuracy can achieved.The experiment results of rolling bearing fault diagnosis verified the effectiveness of the method.

Aiming at the disadvantage that conventional structuring element for the mathematical morphological can’t adjust its height adaptively,the quantum theory is employed to propose compound quantum-inspired structuring element for erosion（ CQSEE）,which is used for extracting fault information in vibration signal from mechanical transmission system. Since CQSEE utilizes quantum theory to depict noise and fault information,it maturely considers different characteristics of noise and fault information during computational process,which realizes the goal of adjusting height of structuring element dynamically. Then CQSEE is applied to analyze the fault signal of rolling element bearing. The result reveals that CQSSE improves the morphological ability of erosion operator.

Fiber reinforced anisotropic material abounds in biological world. It has been demonstrated in previous theoretical and experimental works that growth of biological soft tubular tissue plays a significant role in morphogenesis and pathology. Here we investigate growth-induced buckling of anisotropic cylindrical tissue, focusing on the effects of type of growth(constraint/unconstraint, isotropic/anisotropic), fiber property(orientation, density and strength), geometry and any interaction between these factors. We studied one-layer and two-layer models and obtained a rich spectrum of results. For one-layer model, we demonstrate that circumferential fiber orientation has a consistent stabilizing effect under various scenarios of growth. Higher fiber density has a destabilizing effect by disabling high-mode buckling. For two-layer model, we found that critical buckling strain at inner boundary is an invariant under same isotropic growth rate ratio between inner/ outer layer(g1 /g0). Then we applied our model to wound healing and illustrate the effects of skin residual stress, fiber property, proliferation region width and wound size on the wound edge stability. We conclude that fiber-reinforcement is an important factor to consider when investigating growth induced instability of anisotropic soft tissue.