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As we all know, the change of mode interference caused by the curvature change in multi-mode fiber (MMF) can be well represented as a fiber specklegram recorded by CCD (Charge-coupled Device). However, it's difficult to identify the different bending occurred in several points in short distance. The paper proposes plastic fiber bending sensors can be used to detect the multi-point bending without adding any hardware. The convolutional neural network was used to classify the output speckles under different bending states. Specklegrams from fiber with three sensitization areas can be recognized by the neural network with a bending interval of 15°,10° and 5° with an accuracy rate of 99.2%, 96.1% and 93.5% respectively. Compared with traditional multi-point distributed sensors, this method is lower cost and easier to operate. The method proposed in this paper can find applications in distinguishing the status of certain structures, such as robotic arms and some disabled auxiliary equipment.

The hydrocyanation of 2-arylmethyleneindan-1,3-diones with potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) as a nontoxic cyanating agent to synthesize 2-(1,3-dioxoindan-2-yl)-2-arylacetonitriles in the presence of benzoyl chloride as a promoter and potassium carbonate as a base by a one-pot procedure is described. The use of nontoxic and inexpensive cyanide source, high yield and simple workup procedures are the advantages of this protocol.

Freeze tolerance is a complex agronomic trait that is difficult to evaluate in the field because of year‐to‐year variation in weather. Discovering plant characteristics closely related to freeze tolerance would enable more effective selection for this important trait. To explore possible physiological mechanisms and search for useful characteristics related to freeze tolerance in winter barley, we conducted field and growth chamber experiments with seven freeze‐tolerant and seven freeze‐susceptible genotypes that exhibited contrasting winter survival in preliminary field screenings. In a 2‐year field experiment, malondialdehyde, proline and water‐soluble carbohydrate concentrations were measured during cold acclimation and deacclimation to investigate differences in osmoregulation and membrane stability between freeze‐tolerant and freeze‐sensitive genotypes. All parameters varied by sampling year, and significant differences between freeze tolerance groups were found mainly during cold deacclimation in the spring. In growth chamber experiments, the size of xylem vessels and stomates was measured with and without cold acclimation. Freeze‐tolerant genotypes had smaller xylem vessels and stomates than freeze‐sensitive genotypes with and without cold acclimation, and small stomatal length was associated with a small xylem vessel area. Thus, it may be possible to improve freeze tolerance in winter barley by selecting smaller xylem and stomate cells. This study also validated germplasms of winter barley with differential freeze tolerance for future projects on breeding for improving winter hardiness and on plant physiology and genetics in response to freezing stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study used network pharmacology to forecast and evaluate effectiveness in controlling chronic atrophic gastritis, laying the groundwork for its inclusion in functional foods. The target genes of astragaloside IV that control chronic atrophic gastritis were gathered for this experiment from databases such as Swiss Target Prediction, PharmaMapper, OMIM, etc. The target gene was identified by taking intersections. Based on the STRING database, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was created. Based on the centrality of the intermediate number, the PPI network did topology analysis using Cytoscape software, and simulated potential molecular docking outcome with Autodock Vina software. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis was conducted on the bioinformatics online platform to screen out relevant signal pathways. In vitro experiments were conducted by inducing GES-1 cells (human gastric mucosal epithelial cells) with MNNG (1-methyl- 3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine) and treating them with astragaloside IV to detect cell viability and inflammatory factor secretion levels for validation. Finally, 53 potential targets were identified for the regulation of chronic atrophic gastritis by astragaloside IV, including 8 key genes. GO enrichment analysis showed that the vesicular cavity was the main site for biological processes to occur. The KEGG results indicated that proteoglycans in tumors were a key signaling pathway for astragaloside IV to regulate chronic atrophic gastritis. In vitro experiments found that astragaloside IV had a preventive and therapeutic effect on MNNG-induced cell damage, and could downregulate IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, and TNF-α (P < 0.05). This study showed that astragaloside IV could operate as a functional factor for the prevention and treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis and could exercise its anti-chronic atrophic gastritis impact through many targets and pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]