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Tsampa, as an essential traditional food in Tibet, demands strict quality and safety assurances during its industrial production process. In order to ensure the food safety of the public, it is urgent to establish a comprehensive quality and safety control system aimed at enhancing the food quality and safety of Tsampa. This study conducts a systematic hazard analysis on the entire production process of Tsampa from raw materials to finished products, identifies critical control points, sets critical limits and corrective measures, and ultimately formulate and verify a HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point) plan. By applying the HACCP system to the production processes of local Tibetan Tsampa enterprises, five critical control points, including raw material acceptance, raw material storage, roasting, packaging, and finished product storage, were identified and subjected to in-depth analysis of significant hazards. Corresponding control measures and critical parameters were established for various hazards. The effective implementation of the HACCP system within the actual production processes ensures comprehensive control over the quality and safety of Tsampa, thereby promoting the sustainable development of the Tibetan Tsampa industry.

Abstract Coal elasticity and gas expansion are important factors for coal and gas outburst. During the outburst process, the elastic strain energy of coal is mainly released from the stress region, and the gas expansion energy near the working face is larger, and it is not a continuous release process. To reveal the mechanical characteristics and energy evolution of outburst coal seam, uniaxial and triaxial compression tests were carried out on outburst coal seam samples under different loading methods. The experimental results show that the elastic characteristics become more obvious with the increase of loading rate, the peak strain increases, the elastic modulus is linearly related with the loading rate，and the overall degree of fragmentation increases with the increase of loading rate, which is consistent with the severity of macroscopic coal failure. The failure mode of coal under uniaxial compression conditions is often manifest as brittle failure. The strength characteristics of coal under different loading rates comply with the Mohr‐Coulomb criterion, and the peak strength is linearly related to the failure time and loading rate. With the increasing confining pressure causes the failure of coal samples to transition from ductile to brittle, and the failure mode develops from local shear to overall splitting. The elastic energy evolution curve is consistent with its stress‐strain curve. With the increase of confining pressure, the limiting elastic energy and peak total energy increase in a quasi‐linear manner. The accumulated limit elastic energy plays an important role in the failure of coal samples, and the macroscopic manifestation thereof is that the coal samples fail more severely under high confining pressure conditions than under low confining pressure conditions. The research results are of great significance for the comprehensive prevention and control of coal and gas outburst.

With more and more activities in cislunar space and deep space, a navigation system that can provide autonomous navigation service for cislunar or even deep space missions has become an urgent need. This article proposes a new type of navigation constellation which is placed on two kinds of special orbits, namely the dynamical substitutes around the triangular libration points and the distant retrograde orbits (DROs). Both types of orbits have the same characteristics of long-term stability under the full force model, so no orbit control is needed and it can operate autonomously without ground support. First, using inter-satellite range data, the autonomous orbit determination between navigation satellites on the dynamical substitutes and the DROs is investigated under the full force model. Then, taking a translunar orbit as an example, the constellation’s navigation performance based on inter-satellite range observation is evaluated. With range errors of 1, 10, and 100 m, respectively, the navigation capability of the constellation is successfully verified in the sense that the accuracy of the determined orbit reaches the level of the observation data. From the viewpoint of stable autonomous navigation, the current results are meaningful and deserve further consideration when deploying the navigation constellation in the Earth–Moon system.

AIM:To observe the different effects of three intervention approaches on related biometric parameters in children diagnosed with latent myopia, and to investigate different control effects on children with latent myopia.METHODS:Prospective cohort concurrent controls trials. A total of 60 cases(120 eyes)of children who were initially diagnosed as latent myopia and untreated previously at ophthalmology clinic of the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University from December 2021 to May 2022 were recruited. They were randomly divided into three groups, with 20 cases(40 eyes)in group A treated with 0.01% Atropine eye drops, 20 cases(40 eyes)in group B treated with vision training with a flip chart, and 20 cases(40 eyes)in group C treated with esculin and digitalis glycosides eye drops. They were followed-up for 12 mo, and the spherical equivalent(SE), axial length(AL), corneal curvature(CC), accommodative facility(AF), and macular retinal thickness of the three groups of children were compared at 6 and 12 mo post-intervention.RESULTS:Significant statistical differences were found in AL, SE and AF of the three groups of children at 6 and 12 mo(all P0.05). The retinal thickness of the temporal, nasal, inferior and macular fovea of the outer ring at 6 and 12 mo after intervention in the three groups was significantly different from that at the initial diagnosis(all P0.05).CONCLUSION:When it comes to preventing and controlling myopia, 0.01% Atropine is more effective than flip chart training and esculin and digitalis glycosides eye drops. Therefore, the administration of 0.01% atropine and the implementation of flip chart training can effectively slow down the advancement of latent myopia.

Abstract Biochar-supported ZVI have received increasing attention for their potential to remove nitrobenzene in groundwater and soil. However, the capacity of this material to enhance the biological reduction of nitrobenzene and alter microbial communities in anaerobic groundwater have not been explored. In this study, the nitrobenzene removal performance and mechanism of modified biochar-supported zerovalent iron (ZVI) composites were explored in anaerobic soil. The results showed that the 700 °C biochar composite enhanced the removal of nitrobenzene and inhibited its release from soil to the aqueous phase. NaOH-700-Fe50 had the highest removal rate of nitrobenzene, reaching 64.4%. However, the 300 °C biochar composite inhibited the removal of nitrobenzene. Microbial degradation rather than ZVI-mediated reduction was the main nitrobenzene removal pathway. The biochar composites changed the richness and diversity of microbial communities. ZVI enhanced the symbiotic relationship between microbial genera and weakened competition between soil microbial genera. In summary, the 700 °C modified biochar composite enhanced the removal of nitrobenzene by increasing microbial community richness and diversity, by upregulating functional genes, and by promoting electron transfer. Overall, the modified biochar-supported ZVI composites could be used for soil remediation, and NaOH-700-Fe50 is a promising composite material for the on-site remediation of nitrobenzene-contaminated groundwater.

A facile sol-gel procedure was employed to create refractive-index gradient SiO2 antireflective (AR) films. A monolayer film, characterized by the porous crosslinking framework, was fabricated with a designed volume ratio mixture both with colloidal silica suspension and soluble organic polysiloxane. The upper layer for the bilayer film was a hexamethylisilazane (HMDS) modified colloidal silica suspension, leading to the film surface transfer to hydrophobic. The strategic design of nanostructures in the bottom and upper layers resulted in a refractive-index gradient SiO2 film with enhanced AR properties. The bilayer film demonstrated a transmittance of 99.5% at 1064 nm, accompanied by a notable reduction in reflectivity. Moreover, the laser-induced damage threshold of the bilayer film was increased by 30%, rising to as high as 24.7 J/cm2. The SiO2 nanostructured film both showed a refractive-index gradient structure with excellent AR properties and exhibited good laser damage resistance.

The combination of thermodynamic calculation and machine learning was used to reverse design nickel-based superalloys for thermodynamic performance requirements. The results show that the thermodynamic calculation dataset of nickel-based superalloys is successfully constructed by high-throughput thermodynamic calculations， which provides the data basis for the reverse design of nickel-based superalloys with thermodynamic performance requirements by using machine learning methods. Several C2P models are established for the thermodynamic target performance， and the accuracy of the models is higher than 99%. MLDS method is used to reverse design the alloy composition， and the eight alloys are recommended to meet the performance requirements （Vγ'，1100 ℃≥60%，Vγ，1100 ℃+Vγ'，1100 ℃≥99% and Tγ′≥1300 ℃）. The experimental verification of the three alloys with the smallest prediction error of thermomechanical properties shows that the Vγ'，1100 ℃ are greater than 80%， Vγ，1100 ℃+Vγ'，1100 ℃≥99% in the microstructure after aging， and Tγ′≥1300 ℃， which meet the design requirements.

We investigate the existence and stability of standing waves with prescribed mass c>0c\gt 0 for Choquard equation with noncritical rotation in Bose-Einstein condensation. Then, we consider the mass collapse behavior of standing waves, the ratio of energy to mass and the Lagrange multiplier, as c→0+c\to {0}^{+}. Our results extend the existing results.

[ Objective ] VQ proteins are plant-specific proteins with the conserved VQ motifs ( Fxxh- VQxhTG ), which play an important role in plant growth and development as well as in response to abiotic stresses. The role of the VQ gene family in litchi ( Litchi chinensis ) had not been systematically studied. We identified the LcVQ gene family members as well as their expression patterns in different tissues of ly- chee and their responses to abiotic stresses. This laid a foundation for studying its stress-resistant mecha- nism. [ Methods ] The sequences of LcVQ genes were obtained from the L . chinensis genome using bioin- formatics methods , and their physicochemical properties , subcellular localizations , gene structures , and conserved motifs were analyzed ; a phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA 6.0 to analyze the phy- logenetic relationships of the VQ proteins in L . chinensis , Arabidopsis , and Oryza sativa ; the responses to various abiotic stresses were verified by the quantitative real-time PCR ( qRT-PCR ) . [ Results ] A total of 18 LcVQ genes were identified from L . chinensis genome , named as LcVQ1 - 18 , which were clustered into 9 subgroups. They were widely distributed on 11 of 15 chromosomes of lychee. The amino acid num- bers of LcVQ proteins were ranged from 111 to 427 , and molecular weights from 12.48 kD to 45.49 kD. Subcellular localizations showed that except for LcVQ15 and LcVQ17 were localized at the cytoplasm , all other LcVQ proteins were localized at the nucleus. The LcVQ promoters contained a large number of growth and development , plant hormone , and stress-responsiveness related response elements. The LcVQ genes expression was varied at different tissues , which was divided into universal expression and specific expression. Under the treatment of low temperature , high temperature , drought , and salt stress , we found that 4 , 3 , 3 , and 4 LcVQ genes were significantly up-regulated at 3 hours of treatment , respective- ly , indicating that these genes could respond to the abiotic stresses. [ Conclusion ] There are 18 VQ mem- bers in the L . chinensis genome with typical VQ binding domains and participate in different stress re- sponses.

We study the following fractional Choquard equation (−Δ)su+u∣x∣θ=(Iα*F(u))f(u),x∈RN,{\left(-\Delta )}^{s}u+\frac{u}{{| x| }^{\theta }}=({I}_{\alpha }* F\left(u))f\left(u),\hspace{1em}x\in {{\mathbb{R}}}^{N}, where N⩾3N\geqslant 3, s∈12,1s\in \left(\phantom{\rule[-0.75em]{}{0ex}},\frac{1}{2},1\right), α∈(0,N)\alpha \in \left(0,N), θ∈(0,2s)\theta \in \left(0,2s), and Iα{I}_{\alpha } is the Riesz potential. The main purpose of this article is twofold. We first study the regularity of weak solutions for the aforementioned equation with critical nonlinearity, which extends the results of θ=0\theta =0 in Moroz-Van Schaftingen [Existence of groundstates for a class of nonlinear Choquardequations, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 367 (2015), no. 9, 6557–6579]. Then, as an application of the regularity results, we establish the existence of ground state solutions for above equation with the nonlinearity involving embedding top and bottom indices, which is related to the Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev inequality and singular term 1∣x∣θ\frac{1}{{| x| }^{\theta }}. It is worth noting that our approach is not involving the concentration-compactness principle.

COVID-19 sequelae are long-term symptoms of COVID-19. Cardiovascular disease is not only a risk factor for the occurrence of COVID-19 sequelae but also a potential result directly or indirectly caused by COVID-19 infection.

As the construction of new power systems, DC microgrids will become an important part of the distribution network. As AC load connecting to DC microgrids, the oscillating power will enter the DC system, which affects the power distribution of energy storage system. To solve this issue, the comprehensive principle of power distribution of distributed energy storage system was given, and a wireless power sharing method was proposed. This method takes the charge state as the “information carrier”, each energy storage unit can realize state of charge (SOC) balancing and oscillating power sharing at same time. In addition, from the perspective of equivalent output impedance, this paper gived a detailed analysis and discussion on the distribution effect of different control algorithms, which showed the proposed control algorithm could meet the requirements of the comprehensive principle. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed distributed energy storage control strategy was validated by experiments.

Abstract [Objective] Tonoplast sugar transporters (TSTs or TMTs) are crucial sugar transport proteins in plant development. The study aims to investigate the role of this gene family in grape growth and development, to provide a foundation for understanding the function of TST genes. [Methods] A total of 13 TST genes were identified from the grape genome using homology analysis. Gene structures and encoded proteins were analyzed using bioinformatics tools. Utilizing the qRT-PCR technique, TST expression levels in different tissues during ‘Yinhong’ grape development were analyzed, and a correlation with soluble sugar contents in the grapes at different time points were studied. [Results] The TST genes was distributed across the six chromosomes and contained three segmental repetitions and three tandem repetition genes. It could be classified into three subfamilies, each with members sharing structural similarity. TST genes included ample cis regulatory elements related to phytohormone, light, and stress response. Protein family was composed of α-helices and irregular coils, and the protein model of each subfamily was similar. VvTST was expressed in various tissues, possessing spatiotemporal expression specificity. Correlation analysis found that the expression levels of four VvTSTs, including VIT _18s0001g12560, VIT _ 18s0122g00850, VIT_04s0023g01860, and VIT_03s0038g03940, exhibited similar trends with the accumulation of soluble sugars in the grape flesh. [Conclusion] VvTST may play a vital role in soluble sugar accumulation in grape flesh.

High-intensity land development has led to numerous ecological problems, severely threatening regional sustainable development. Resilience is key to maintaining regional sustainable development. This study focuses on the Taohe River Basin and constructs an ecological resilience evaluation model based on the framework of ecosystem adaptability, ecosystem resistance, and ecosystem recovery from the perspective of resilient ecosystem functions. Using software such as InVEST and Fragstats, the study assesses the spatiotemporal changes in ecological resilience in the Taohe River Basin. Based on the ecological resilience pattern, ecological sources were identified, resistance surfaces were constructed, and ecological corridors were extracted, thereby establishing an ecological resilience security pattern for the Taohe River Basin. During the study period, the level of ecological resilience in the Taohe River Basin showed a gradual upward trend. A total of 33 ecological source areas were identified, accounting for 27.57 % of the total area of the Taohe River Basin. Seventy ecological corridors were identified, with a total length of 6478.63 km and an average length of 92.55 km. Combining the topography, ecological background conditions, and current urban development status of the Taohe River Basin, an ecological security pattern of “two screens, two corridors, five areas, and multiple points” was constructed, along with corresponding optimization suggestions. The research results are of great significance for optimizing spatial layout, maintaining regional ecological security, and promoting regional integrated development. Additionally, they provide new ideas for assessing regional ecological resilience.

Abstract Background There are emerging clinical evidence for umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (UCBMNCs) intervention to improve preterm complications. The first critical step in cell therapy is to obtain high-quality cells. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the quantity and quality of UCBMNCs from very preterm infants (VPIs) for the purpose of autologous cell therapy in prevention and treatment of preterm complications. Methods Very preterm infants (VPIs) born in Guangdong Women and Children Hospital from January 1, 2017, to December 8, 2022, from whom cord blood was successfully collected and separated for public or private banking, were enrolled. The UCBMNCs characters from route cord blood tests performed in cord blood bank, impact of perinatal factors on UCBMNCs, the relationship between UCBMNCs characteristics and preterm outcomes, and the correlation of UCBMNCs characteristics and peripheral blood cells in VPIs were analyzed. Results Totally, 89 VPIs underwent UCB collection and processing successfully. The median cell number post processing was 2.6 × 108. To infuse a dose of 5 × 107 cells/kg, only 3.4% of infants required a volume of more than 20 mL/kg, which exceeded the maximum safe volume limit for VPIs. However, when infusing 10 × 107 cells/kg, 25.8% of infants required a volume of more than 20 ml/kg volume. Antenatal glucocorticoids use and preeclampsia was associated with lower original UCBMNCs concentration. Both CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) frequency and colony forming unit - granulocyte and macrophage (CFU-GM) number correlated negatively with gestational age (GA). UCBMNCs characters had no significant effect on preterm outcomes, whereas a significant positive correlation was observed between UCBMNCs concentration and total white blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte and PLT counts in peripheral blood. Conclusion UCBMNCs collected from VPIs was feasible for autologous cell therapy in improving preterm complications. Setting the infusion dose of 5 × 107 cells/kg guaranteed a safe infusion volume in more than 95% of the targeted infants. UCBMNCs characters did not affect preterm complications; however, the effect of UCBMNCs concentration on peripheral blood classification count should be considered when evaluating the immunomodulation of UCBMNCs transfusion.

This study investigated the influence of microbead dosages (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%) on the frost resistance of expanded polystyrene (EPS) concrete. Five groups of EPS concrete specimens were prepared and subjected to rapid freeze–thaw tests. The freeze–thaw deterioration of EPS concrete was assessed using macroscopic indicators, including mass loss, strength loss, and dynamic elastic modulus loss. The underlying deterioration mechanism was revealed through the analysis of the EPS particle–matrix interface. A concrete damage plasticity model of EPS concrete based on damage mechanics theory was established. The results indicate that the addition of microbeads increased the strength of EPS concrete by 38–53%, reduced the strength attenuation after freeze–thaw damage by 8.1%, and improved the frost resistance level by 10–60 grades. The optimal dosage of microbeads is 15% of the cementitious material. The interfacial transition zone gaps in EPS concrete with added microbeads after freeze–thaw cycles are smaller, contributing to a more complete hydration reaction. The freeze–thaw damage model established in this study accurately reflects the freeze–thaw damage law of EPS concrete and provides a reference for studying the mechanical properties of EPS concrete under freeze–thaw cycles. The research findings of this study can enhance the strength and service life of EPS concrete, expanding its application scope as a structural material. The study provides valuable insights for future research and engineering applications related to the frost resistance of EPS concrete.

BackgroundThe very small-angle neutron scattering (VSANS) spectrometer is currently being constructed at the China spallation neutron source (CSNS). The neutron detector plays a key role in meeting the detection requirements of the spectrometer.PurposeThis study aims to achieve accurate measurement of neutron diffraction in the small angle scattering mode which requires the position resolution of the neutron detector to be ≤2 mm, and the detection efficiency to be ≥60%@0.4 nm.MethodsA large-area position-sensitive neutron scintillator detector mainly composed of 6LiF/ZnS(Ag) scintillation screen, wavelength shift fiber (WLSF), and a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) was designed and developed to achieve high efficiency and high-resolution real-time detection of thermal neutrons. The optical transmission performance of the 0.5-mm-diameter wavelength shift fiber was investigated in detail. The gain and the thermal noise characteristics of various SiPMs were examined. Finally, a 300 mm×300 mm engineering prototype of the detector was developed and tested by experiments. The detection efficiency was calculated with comparison of the incident neutron counts of the stander 3He tube whilst the detector's position resolution was tested using a boron-doped aluminum plate with a narrow slit bearing the label 'CSNS'.ResultsThe neutron beam test results show that the position resolution of the detector is 1.2 mm×1.2 mm and that the neutron detection efficiency is (61.8±0.2)%@0.4 nm.ConclusionsThe high-resolution neutron scintillator detector developed in this study satisfies the engineering design target, and meets the neutron scintillator detector meets the neutron diffraction measurement needs for the VSANS spectrometer of the CSNS.

As the key structure of industrial reducers, the planetary gear system will be subject to cyclic load and impact load during the operation, which will cause metal fatigue peeling off the surface of gears and form pitting fault. When the system is subject to the impact load, the severe fluctuation of vibration signal will disturb the fault identification of the system. To solve this problem, a diagnostic index is developed based on the dynamic characteristics analysis of the planetary gear system with pitting fault under impact conditions. Firstly, the contact stiffness model of gear pairs is established based on the analytic geometry method and the Hertz contact theory. Secondly, the impact load is introduced, and the contact force between sun gears and planet gears is solved by the impact function method. Finally, based on the spectrum distribution of the system dynamic response signal, the energy index of the sideband centroid is proposed, which realizes the accurate identification of the fault impact and the load impact.

The effect of point cloud denoising is very important to the subsequent surface fitting and modeling design in 3D scanning process. How to extract feature points quickly and accurately has become a research hotspot.However,the key point of point cloud denoising lies in the detection of singular values and outliers. Therefore,a denoising model with coupled multi-feature point parameters is proposed,and the influence of each feature point parameters on the denoising model are discussed respectively. The swarm intelligence algorithm is used to solve a set of optimal parameter weights to determine the point cloud denoising model,so as to achieve the optimal denoising effect of three-dimensional scattered point clouds. The denoising simulation of Bunny model and the denoising experiment of a certain type of skin are used to verify the denoising model. The results show that the point cloud denoising model proposed in this paper has faster iteration,less time-consuming and better denoising effect than that of radius filter,statistical filter and improved voxel filter combined with Gaussian filtering algorithm.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious disabling injury, and the main factors causing SCI in patients include car accidents, falls from heights, as well as heavy blows and falls. These factors can all cause spinal cord compression or even complete rupture. After SCI, problems with the movement, balance, and walking ability of the lower limbs are most common, and SCI can cause abnormalities in patient’s movement, sensation, and other aspects. Therefore, in the treatment of SCI, it is necessary to strengthen the rehabilitation training (RT) of patients based on data science to improve their motor ability and play a positive role in the recovery of their walking ability. This article used lower limb rehabilitation robot (LLRR) to improve the walking ability of SCI patients and applied them to SCI rehabilitation. The purpose is to improve the limb movement function of patients by imitating and assisting their limb movements, thereby achieving pain relief and muscle strength enhancement and promoting rehabilitation. The experimental results showed that the functional ambulation category (FAC) scale scores of Group A and Group B were 0.79 and 0.81, respectively, in the first 10 weeks of the experiment. After 10 weeks of the experiment, the FAC scores of Group A and Group B were 2.42 and 4.36, respectively. After the experiment, the FAC score of Group B was much higher than that of Group A, indicating that Group B was more effective in improving patients’ walking ability compared to Group A. This also indicated that LLRR rehabilitation training can enhance the walking ability of SCI patients.

Sepsis is a complex and heterogeneous syndrome that remains a serious challenge to healthcare worldwide. Patients afflicted by severe sepsis or septic shock are customarily placed under intensive care unit (ICU) supervision, where a multitude of apparatus is poised to produce high-granularity data. This reservoir of high-quality data forms the cornerstone for the integration of AI into clinical practice. However, existing reviews currently lack the inclusion of the latest advancements. This review examines the evolving integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in sepsis management. Applications of artificial intelligence include early detection, subtyping analysis, precise treatment and prognosis assessment. AI-driven early warning systems provide enhanced recognition and intervention capabilities, while profiling analyzes elucidate distinct sepsis manifestations for targeted therapy. Precision medicine harnesses the potential of artificial intelligence for pathogen identification, antibiotic selection, and fluid optimization. In conclusion, the seamless amalgamation of artificial intelligence into the domain of sepsis management heralds a transformative shift, ushering in novel prospects to elevate diagnostic precision, therapeutic efficacy, and prognostic acumen. As AI technologies develop, their impact on shaping the future of sepsis care warrants ongoing research and thoughtful implementation.

In this paper, TWL12 + TWL20 inorganic salt aluminum coating was sprayed on the surface of Ni-based P/M superalloy. The microstructure changes of inorganic salt aluminum coating and P/M superalloy after high temperature oxidation at 700, 750 ℃ and 800 ℃ were studied by XRD, SEM, EPMA and TEM. The results show that after high temperature oxidation, the surface structure of the coating peels off, and the aluminum in the coating diffuses with the substrate to form a transition layer composed of oxidation zone, diffusion layer and interdiffusion zone. The oxidation zone is the outermost layer, where is mainly enriched with O and Al elements to form Al2O3 layer. The diffusion layer mainly contains Ni and Al elements, forming NiAl phase and α-Cr phase dispersed in it. Finally, the interdiffusion zone rich in Ti, Cr, Co, Ta and other elements exists between the diffusion zone and the matrix, which is mainly composed of Ni2AlTi phase matrix and σ phase dispersed in it. The analysis shows that the thickness of transition layer changes with the increase of oxidation temperature, it is mainly manifested by the increase of the width of the interdiffusion zone, the increase of the size of α-Cr phase in the diffusion layer and σ phase in the interdiffusion zone, and the growth trend of σ phase along the vertical transition zone is intensified. The oxidation weight gain curve shows that the transition layer exhibits good oxidation resistance during high temperature oxidation at 750 ℃ and 800 ℃ after the surface structure of the coating falls off, it indicates that the TWL12 + TWL20 inorganic salt aluminum coating has the potential to provide high temperature oxidation coating protection for advanced P/M superalloy used in aeroengines.

Objective: Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) causes morbidity and mortality in preterm infants and prenatal exposure to inflammation contributes to brain injury. Moreover, prenatal exposure to severe inflammation increases the risk of IVH in preterm neonates. The current study investigated whether intrauterine exposure to inflammation affects cerebral angiogenesis and its underlying mechanisms. Methods: Wnt5a, flt1, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A levels in cord blood serum (stored in a bio-bank) of the enrolled patients were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A preterm prenatal inflammation exposure model was established in rats by intraperitoneal injection intraperitoneally during pregnancy. Angiogenesis of cerebral tissue was analyzed using immunohistochemistry. Wnt5a, flt1, and VEGF-A expression levels were measured via immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, or western blotting. The correlation between Wnt5a and flt1 expression and the cerebral vessel area was also analyzed. Results: The Wnt5a and flt1 levels in the cord blood serum were significantly higher in the amnionitis group than in the non-amnionitis group. The VEGF-A level in the cord blood serum was significantly lower in the amnionitis group. In the rat model, preterm rats in the prenatal inflammation group exhibited increased microglial cell infiltration and decreased vessel area and diameter in the cerebral tissue compared to the control group. Wnt5a was located in microglial cells, and Wnt5a and flt1 expression in brain tissue significantly increased after prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure. VEGF-A expression declined after prenatal LPS exposure. The cerebral vessel area was negatively correlated with Wnt5a and flt1 expression. Conclusion: Disordered cerebral angiogenesis is associated with increased Wnt5a-Flt1 activation in microglial cells after exposure to intrauterine inflammation.

Bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) is one of the most common cancer-related deaths in the world, along with high mortality. Due to the difficult detection of early symptoms, the treatment for this disease is still dissatisfactory. Thus, the current research hotspot is beginning to focus on the immune microenvironment in this disease, aiming to provide guidance for diagnosis and treatment. In this study, the single-cell RNA sequencing data downloaded from the gene expression omnibus database was used to classify the immune cells of BLCA. And the final seven T-cell-related cell clustering genes associated with BLCA prognosis (HSPA2, A2M, JUN, PDGFRB, GBP2, LGALS1, and GAS6) were screened out, and then used for constructing the prognostic model against BLCA based on the Cox and LASSO regression analysis. Satisfactorily, the model could efficiently evaluate the overall survival of BLCA and had the potential to be applied for the clinic treatment. Moreover, we also revealed that the difference in immune infiltration levels and gene mutation might account for the diverse prognosis in BLCA patients. In a word, our findings provided a novel insight for designing efficient immunotherapies for BLCA.

With the improvement of coal mining mechanization level, dust has become a serious problem that restricts coal mine safety production and endangers occupational health. Wet dust collectors are widely used because of their low investment and simple structure. In order to further improve the performance of wet dust collector, the overall structure and principle are analyzed in detail, the components, working principle, influencing factors, advantages and disadvantages of the structure of power, dust removal and dehydration are analyzed systematically. On this basis, in view of the existing shortcomings of the existing wet dust collectors, it is proposed that the future should be considered from the perspective of integrity, locality, economy, environmental protection to develop a new type of wet dust collector with integrated structure, suitable for the narrow underground space, diversified functions, low maintenance cost, high dust removal efficiency, sewage and sludge recycling and intelligent management to provide technical support for the realization of safe production and the guarantee of occupational health of operators.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most frequently occurring interior modification in eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA), and abnormal mRNA modifications can affect many biological processes. However, m6A’s effect on the metabolism of antiplatelet drugs for the prevention of ischemic stroke (IS) remains largely unclear.

In this paper, firstly, the in situ leaching process of ionic rare earths and the mechanism of transforming effect of in situ leaching on the material composition and structure of the soil body of the slope were studied. Then, using ammonium sulfate as a leaching agent, the distribution law of rare piles of earth in minerals, water-leaching filtrate and acid-leaching filtrate in different leaching columns was analyzed, and the equilibrium relationship of each main substance in the process of elemental migration was calculated. At the same time, based on Darcy’s law to study the change rule of the permeability and strength parameters of rare earth ore bodies in the process of leaching liquid leaching. Finally, based on the results of the study, a program for managing slopes for ionic rare earth ore is proposed. It is analyzed that the total amount of ionic rare earths in the minerals and the total amount of rare earths in the water-leaching filtrate and acid-leaching filtrate after five stages of leaching are 5.5 g, 3.25 g and 5.39 g. When the leaching solution is water, 2% ammonium sulfate and 5% ammonium sulfate, the permeability coefficients of the ore body are increased to 4.12×10−3, 5.02×10−3 and 6.56×10−3, respectively.

Abstract Chinese strong-flavour liquor is produced via a traditional solid-state fermentation strategy facilitated by live microorganisms in pit mud-based cellars. For the present analysis, pit mud samples from different spatial locations within fermentation cellars were collected, and the yeast communities therein were assessed via culture-based and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) approaches. These analyses revealed significant differences in the composition of yeast communities present in different layers of pit mud. In total, 29 different yeast species were detected, and principal component analyses revealed clear differences in microbial diversity in pit mud samples taken from different cellar locations. Culture-dependent strategies similarly detected 20 different yeast species in these samples. However, while Geotrichum silvicola, Torulaspora delbrueckii, Hanseniaspora uvarum, Saturnispora silvae, Issatchenkia orientalis, Candida mucifera, Kazachstania barnettii, Cyberlindnera jadinii, Hanseniaspora spp., Alternaria tenuissima, Cryptococcus laurentii, Metschnikowia spp., and Rhodotorula dairenensis were detected via a PCR-DGGE approach, they were not detectable in culture-dependent analyses. In contrast, culture-based approaches led to the identification of Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Debaryomyces hansenii in these pit mud samples, whereas they were not detected using DGGE fingerprints profiles. An additional HS-SPME-GC-MS-based analysis of the volatile compounds present in fermented grains samples led to the identification of 66 such compounds, with the highest levels of volatile acids, esters, and alcohols being detected in fermented grains from lower layer samples. A canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) suggested they were significant correlations between pit mud yeast communities and associated volatile compounds in fermented grains.

Effect of local interference (holding devices) on the surface microstructure of FGH96 alloys in quenching process was studied by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), microhardness, and numerical simulation. The results show that, the holding devices used in quenching produce the chilling effect at the surface of FGH96 alloys, which changes the cooling mode of the connect points and then affects the precipitation and growth behavior of γ′ phases. After the low corrosion, the γ′ phases with the different size and morphology exhibit the visual color difference, leading to the corrosion circles. The maximum diameter of corrosion circles is ~10 mm, and the section depth is ~3 mm. The secondary γ′ phases inside the corrosion circles are fine and spherical, and the average size is ~100 nm. The secondary γ′ phases on the corrosion circles are polygonal distributed, and the average size is ~350 nm. The secondary γ′ phases outside the circles are spherical in distribution, and the average size is ~150 nm. The different size and morphology of the secondary γ′ phases result in the fluctuation of microhardness inside and outside the corrosion circles. The average microhardness is ~HV 450 outside the circles, and that of ~HV 485 inside the circles. The grain structure difference and the element segregation near the corrosion circles are not found.

One of the crucial areas of research in land space planning in China is finding ways to coordinate urban development and ecological preservation since the rapid growth of cities has led to numerous environmental issues. It is highly important to enhance the regional ecological environment and economy, thereby improving human well-being, by optimizing the spatial arrangement of ecosystems and identifying areas that need ecological restoration within the national land space. This study was conducted in Maiji District, where a combination of MSPA (Multiple Scale Pattern Analysis) and service function methods were employed to evaluate the ecological resources, identify critical ecological corridors, optimize the ecological security pattern, determine priority areas for ecological restoration in the land space, and formulate strategies for ecological restoration. The results indicated that in Maiji District, the ecological source area covers 93277 ha, which represents 26.78 % of the total administrative region. Within the southeastern part of Maiji District, there are 28 significant ecological corridors, with a combined length of 333.80 km. Based on the existing ecological resistance surfaces, ecological sources, and ecological corridors, a plan for ecological restoration has been developed for Maiji District, known as the “one belt, one screen, two areas, five corridors, and multiple points” ecological restoration pattern. This plan serves as a guideline for identifying suitable areas for ecological restoration, security pattern, and creating restoration plans for the Maiji District land.

The β detector of 4πβ-γ coincidence measurement is usually a proportional counter with a single wire of which the electric field distribution is divergent and the detection area is limited, so it can only measure the activity of the point source. A 4π multi-wire proportional chamber used as the β detector of 4πβ-γ coincidence measurement has been designed and fabricated because of the uniform electric field distribution and large detection area. The β plateau curves and the background have been tested. The results show that the plateau length of the β plateau curve is about 270 V, and the plateau slope of the upper and lower anode wires are 8.3‰ and 9.6‰ (60Co), 8.3‰ and 8.9‰ (90Sr-90Y), respectively. The background counting rate is within 10 s-1. The 4π multiwire proportional chamber can be used as the β detector of 4πβ-γ coincidence measurement for further research.

For evaluating the economy and feasibility about blast fragmentation warhead striking aircraft in aircraft shelter, taking a typical aircraft and single/double aircraft shelter as study objects, based on the thought of simple/quadratic surface fitting, the 3D surface models of aircraft and shelter are built. According to the velocity and position model of fragment, combined with the transformation relationship of coordinate system, the missile-target encounter algorithm is given. The ruin tree model of aircraft is constructed to calculate the ruin probability algorithm of aircraft. For reducing the computation of missile-target encounter, a mean ruin probability algorithm of aircraft based on integration method is proposed, which slices target area to grids and takes grids as alternative aim point. Taking maximum to entire ruin effect of all aircrafts as target, the optimizing algorithm to strike scheme about minimum missile consumption and find best aim point based on advanced PSO algorithm are proposed. The striking scheme optimizing about fragmentation warhead striking aircraft in single/double aircraft shelter is simulated. The result shows that, low blast height, small CEP, combination strike strategy with multiply aim points can reduce the minimum missile consumption effectively.

The vertical well inclinometer is widely used in downhole data measurement, wherein the mud pulse generator used for data transmission has substantial significance to the accuracy and stability of data. For this instrument, the performance of its mud pulse generator valve head is the key to ensure the efficient, accurate and complete transmission of downhole data. Firstly, the structure of pulse generator in the vertical well inclinometer is described, followed by the presentation of the physical and theoretical model of pulse generator valve head. Based on the erosion theories and thin-wall hole throttling model, the main parameters that affect the performance of pulse generator valve head are determined, including the throttling hole slot angle α and the valve head angle β. Secondly, with using the discrete phase model（DPM）, the influences of throttle slot angle α and valve head angle β on the flow field characteristics near the valve head and the pressure distribution of the valve head are investigated. In terms of the simulation, an optimized parameter set of the valve head is α=25°and β=45°. Finally, valve heads with optimized parameters are tested in a certain well of Dixi, showing a good accuracy with the numerical simulation with comparing the results before optimization.

Aiming at the problems of high vibration and low efficiency of TRT rotor, the dynamic characteristics of TRT rotor are studied. The geometric modeling of the rotor is carried out by using 3D software UG, and imported into Ansys Workbench to establish a finite element analysis model; the rotor dynamic characteristics-modal, critical speed and steady-state unbalanced response are calculated and analyzed. On this basis, the finite element model is used to analyze the influence of different supporting stiffness and supporting positions on the dynamic characteristics of the rotor, and tested on the high-speed rotor test room. Research shows, the difference between calculation and test results is within 3%; the finite element analysis results can truly reflect the dynamic characteristics of the rotor. Both support stiffness and support position have a significant impact on the first and second order critical speed of the rotor. In the unbalance response, the most sensitive position of the first order is the second stage blade position, and second order is the position of the head（coupling）. A reference for the calculation and analysis of the dynamic characteristics of other rotors of the same type is provided.

Objective To investigate the antibacterial effect of a new photosensitizer, indocyanine green (ICG)-mediated photodynamic therapy, on a biofilm of Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) in vitro. Methods The biocompatibility of the photosensitizer ICG was detected by CCK8. F. nucleatum (108 CFU/mL) was cultured in anaerobic conditions (80% N2, 10% H2 and 10% CO2) mixed with the photosensitizer ICG at concentrations of 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 μg/mL and then treated with antibacterial photodynamic therapy (808 nm near infrared light with an intensity of 0.1 W/cm2 for 3 min), and a mature biofilm was formed after 2 days. The bacteriostatic effects of different concentrations of ICG on F. nucleatum biofilms were compared by colony formation unit count (CFU). The effect of ICG on the formation of F. nucleatum biofilms and biofilm metabolic activity was determined by crystal violet quantification and MTT assays. The effect of ICG on the formation of extracellular polysaccharides in F. nucleatum biofilms was determined by the phenol-sulfuric acid method. The change in the number of bacteria was observed by confocal microscopy. Results CFU and biomass of the biofilm gradually decreased with increasing ICG concentration, and there were significant differences compared with the control group. Meanwhile, the metabolic activity of the biofilm and the production of extracellular polysaccharides also showed a significant difference between the ICG groups and the control group (P

In order to obtain the novel poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) cross-linked networks with good shape memory properties, the cross-linked networks of PCL with different molecular weights were prepared by thiol-ene click chemistry method, and its microstructure, thermal properties, mechanical properties and shape memory properties were characterized. The results show that the hydroxyl end of PCL was successfully converted to acrylate-terminated PCL, and almost all the samples show perfect cross-linked network, and the cross-linked polymer has a thermally induced shape memory effect; with the increase of the molecular weight of PCL diol, the melting temperature and crystallinity of the cross-linked network also show an upward trend; the molecular weight of PCL diol has a certain influence on its fixation ability, but regardless of the length of PCL diol, the shape recovery rate of all samples can reach more than 90%. The efficient thiol-ene click chemistry reaction ensures the uniform distribution of PCL chains between cross-linked nodes, the cross-linked network has good network structure, good mechanical and shape memory properties. The exploration of new PCL cross-linked network provides a feasible way for the end functionalization of polymers.

Plant color was an important landscape of the urban green space, and quantitative analysis of its characteristics could provide a basis for plant color configuration. The leaf color attributes of 80 colored-leaf plants were studied and the Scenic Beauty Estimates (SBE) was used to evaluate their beauty. The data of leaves color were obtained by MATLAB software and scanner under the hue–saturation–brightness (HSB) system and then were further analyzed to determine the relationship between the SBE and color attributes (HSB). Results showed that the leaf colors of 80 plants contained 13 hues in total, which belonged to six color systems. The species contained in different color systems, from most to least, were yellow–green series (27 species) > orange series (19 species) > red series (18 species) > yellow series (10 species) > blue-green (four species) > purple (two species). There were fewer blue and purple series species. The brightness and saturation of color were mainly distributed in the middle (26–50%), middle and high (51–75%) stages, and those of the yellow–green system belonged to the medium and high stages and were significantly higher than other color systems. There is a significant positive correlation between the brightness and saturation of color and the value of SBE, and an SBE evaluation model was established based on the color attributes. The results are helpful to select plants with higher beauty and create a rich plant color landscape.

Laser cladding has the characteristics of high energy density, small heat - affected zone, metallurgical bonding between the cladding layer and the substrate, compact cladding layer structure, fine grains and excellent performance. It is widely used in the surface strengthening of copper alloys. In this paper, the properties of copper alloys and the advantages of laser cladding technology in surface modification of copper alloys were briefly introduced. The effects of the preparation process as well as the powder system on the morphology, structure and performance of the cladding layer on the surface of copper alloy were emphatically reviewed. Besides, the application of laser cladding of copper alloy was summarized. Finally, the future research direction was prospected.

Ischemic stroke (IS), usually caused due to an abrupt blockage of an artery, is the leading cause of disability and the second leading cause of death worldwide. The association of the C-reactive protein (CRP) gene (s3093059 T/C and rs1205 C/T) polymorphisms and IS susceptibility has been widely studied, but the results remain inconsistent. Our study aimed to assess the association between CRP gene (s3093059 T/C and rs1205 C/T) polymorphisms and IS risk. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and WanFang databases were searched up to April 2022 to identify eligible studies. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) score was calculated to assess study quality. The odd ratios (ORs) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to assess the association between CRP gene (rs3093059 T/C and rs1205 C/T) polymorphisms and IS risk. Eighteen case–control studies with 6339 cases and 29580 controls were identified. We found that CRP (s3093059 T/C and rs1205 C/T) polymorphism was not significantly associated with the risk of IS in any genetic model (recessive model: OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.79–1.26; OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.90–1.25). When stratified analysis by country, genotype method, source of controls, and NOS score, still no statistically significant association was found. Our study indicated that the CRP (rs3093059 T/C and rs1205 C/T) polymorphisms were not associated with the susceptibility to IS.

Sinter hardening is an established cost-effective process to produce high strength powder metallurgy parts by controlling the cooling speed to affect the sintered microstructure (martensite content) to improve the final performance. A newly developed pre-alloy sinter hardening steels with low Cr content (AstaloyTM CrA) was introduced in this paper, the mechanical properties and microstructure under the different sintering temperature and cooling rate were investigated, and the common powder metallurgy sinter hardening material (Distaloy® DH) was referenced for the comparison. In the results, under the pressing density of 7.0 g·cm−3 at the same carbon level, the AstaloyTM CrA added with 2% nickel (mass fraction) has the highest hardenability which can obtain the highest martensite content and the macro hardness compared to the other materials. AstaloyTM CrA sintered at 1250 ℃ and followed with the cooling rate of 3 ℃·s−1 can achieve the hardness of HRC 38, which can obtain the optimum strength and toughness by sintered at the same temperature and followed with the lower cooling rate of 1 ℃·s−1.

Environmental damage attributed to nitrous oxide (N _2 O) emissions have received widespread attention. Agricultural sources release substantial amounts of N _2 O into the atmosphere. However, comparative studies on the effects of different irrigation and fertilization methods, namely, drip fertigation (a combination of fertilizing and irrigation), sprinkler fertigation, and traditional furrow irrigation with chemical fertilizer spraying, on N _2 O emissions in alkaline soil have been limited. Therefore, three-year in situ field observations were conducted to investigate the effect of these three irrigation and fertilization modes on N _2 O emissions using the static chamber method over the period 2015–2017. There are significant seasonal variations in soil N _2 O emission fluxes among alkaline soils under different fertilization and irrigation modes, with emissions peaking in July and August, but no significant difference in yearly variations. The N _2 O emission intensity of drip fertigation soil was 0.20 kg N t ^−1 year ^−1 , of sprinkler fertigation soil was 0.38 kg N t ^−1 year ^−1 , respectively, while of furrow irrigation was 0.91 kg N t ^−1 year ^−1 , respectively. Moisture and temperature of soil were key factors driving the observed nitrous oxide variations. Compared with traditional furrow irrigation, drip and sprinkler fertigation significantly increased potato yield and decreased N _2 O emissions in alkaline soil, thus satisfying both yield and environmental protection.

BACKGROUND The food security problem caused by heavy metal pollution in farmland soil has attracted widespread attention. Objective pollution investigation and evaluation work is of great significance for the later pollution prevention and safe utilization of soil. OBJECTIVES To fully understand the heavy metal contamination condition, ecological risk and human health risk of soil and rice in the farmland around the copper-lead-zinc tailing pond in Western Hubei Province. METHODS 50 sites of topsoil and rice were investigated systematically. ICP-MS, ICP-OES and AFS were used to determine the contents of eight heavy metals (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Hg, Ni, Cr), as well as the pH value of the soil. The potential ecological risk index method and human health risk assessment model were used to evaluate the potential ecological risk and health risk of soil and rice. RESULTS The results indicate that: (1) The contents of As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in the soil exceed the standard, with the maximum exceedance rate of Cd being 20%. Only Cd in rice exceeds the standard with the exceedance rate of 14%. (2) Correlation analysis shows that soil heavy metals have the same pollution source, and leachate leakage is a possible source of pollution. There is a positive correlation between the heavy metals in rice and the surface soil, with the strongest correlation for Cd, which may be related to the strong absorption capacity of rice for soil Cd. (3) The evaluation results of potential ecological risk index show that Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu are significantly enriched in the soil, with the Cd enrichment coefficient of 4.41. The overall ecological risk is moderate, with 6% of the sites having very strong potential ecological risk. (4) The results of the health risk assessment indicate that the total and non-total carcinogenic risks are greater than the acceptable level at almost all sites. There is an overall risk of heavy metal carcinogenicity in the soil, with As and Cd being the major contributors. The total non-carcinogenic risk for rice at almost all sites in the study area is greater than the acceptable level, with Cd being the largest contributor. The total non-carcinogenic risk for rice at all sites is within the acceptable level. CONCLUSIONS The soil and rice in the vicinity of the tailings pond have been contaminated by heavy metals, posing a certain ecological risk, and the risks to the health of the local population should be taken into account.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of auditory integration training on language, social communication and behavior of Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and auditory attention disorder.MethodsA total of 83 ASD children with auditory attention disorder treated in the children rehabilitation department of Changsha Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2020 to May 2021 were randomly divided into control group and observation group, with 41 cases and 42 cases respectively. The control group received comprehensive rehabilitation training including the language training, behavior therapy, sentiment training and brain bionic electrical stimulation, once a day, five times a week, 20 times for a course of treatment in one month, with a rest interval of 3-5 days, lasting for nine months. In addition to the treatment of the control group, the observation group received auditory integration training for 30 minutes a time, once a day, 20 times for a course of treatment in one month, with a rest interval of two months, lasting for nine months. Before and after treatment, the missing number method was used to evaluate the auditory attention Gesell child development scale was used to evaluate the language and social communication skills; Psycho educational profile-3 (PEP-3) was used to evaluate the communication and behavior skills; Childhood autism rating scale (CARS) and autism behavior checklist (ABC) were used to evaluate the typical symptoms of autism.Results1) Auditory attention: compared with that before treatment, the scores of the auditory attention of both groups significantly increased after treatment (PPPPPPPP

When groundwater leaks into the tunnel from damaged joints or cracks of the linings, fine particles could be pulled off from the soil matrix by seepage force and transported into the tunnel. Currently, very limited attention has been paid to the effect of the loss of fine particles induced by the water leakage, i.e. the internal erosion. In this study, the evolution of soil porosity, gradation, seepage flow, the induced ground movement and lining stress change due to tunnel leakage has been numerically investigated using a novel coupled hydromechanical approach formulated within the continuous porous medium framework. A critical state based constitutive model considering the influence of the fines content has been implemented for modelling the mechanical consequences of internal erosion. The numerical results show the spatial and temporal evolution of the eroded zone and the hydromechanical response of the tunnel and its surroundings. The results indicate that the commonly used pore pressure reduction-based method without considering internal erosion will underestimate the leakage induced lining stress change and ground movement. Moreover, the influences of three-dimensional condition are highlighted.

China was the first country suffering from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and one of the countries with stringent mother-neonate isolation measure implemented. Now increasing evidence suggests that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) should not be taken as an indication for formula feeding or isolation of the infant from the mother.

To date, the encapsulation of therapeutic enzymes in a protective matrix is an optimized strategy for the maintenance of their stability, facilitating their clinical application. However, the stability and activity of therapeutic enzymes are often in tension with each other. A rigid protective matrix may effectively maintain the stability of therapeutic enzymes, but it can reduce the diffusion of substrates toward the therapeutic enzyme active site, dramatically affecting their catalytic efficiency. Here, we exploited a kind of nanogels by in situ polymerization on the arginine deiminase (ADI) surface with 3-acrylamido-phenylboronic acid (APBA) monomer. These nanogels efficiently improved the thermal stability (25–75℃), the pH stability (pH 1–13), and protease (trypsin) stability of ADI due to the strong rigidity of the surface poly(APBA) shell. And even after 60 days of storage, ∼60% of the activity of ADI encapsulated by nanogels remained. Furthermore, ADI encapsulated by nanogels could efficiently degrade arginine to increase the ratio of citrulline to arginine in mice plasma. That is because autologous glucose binds with APBA leading to the hydrophilicity increase of nanogels, and then, the arginine molecules can readily diffuse toward the encapsulated ADI. This nanogel platform eases the tension between the stability and activity of therapeutic enzymes. The resulting nanogels can efficiently maintain the in vitro stability and the in vivo activity of therapeutic enzymes, facilitating the exploitation of new therapeutic enzyme formulations, which can be transported and stored in vitro for a long time and be applied effectively in vivo.

ObjectiveTo understand the contamination status and antibiotics resistance of Arcobacter isolated from commercial fresh whole chicken in Shunyi District.MethodsSixty fresh whole chicken from retail markets and supermarkets in Shunyi District were randomly purchased. The Bacterial isolation was carried out using the membrane filtration methods. The strains were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometery and real-time fluorescent PCR. The mass spectra of the strains were clustered. The isolated Arcobacter strains were subjected to a susceptibility test for 11 antibiotics using agar dilution method.ResultsThe detection rate of Arcobacter in 60 samples of commercially available fresh whole chicken was 26.67% （16/60） and all of them were Arcobacter butzleri. The detection rate of Arcobacter in June and July was significantly higher than that in May. Sixteen strains of Arcobacter were clustered by time-of-flight mass spectrometry and were divided into two clusters with a relative distance of 1 000. The relative distance was negatively correlated with the similarity of the strains， and the clustering map had a certain suggestive effect on the regional origin of the samples. The Arcobacter isolates were highly resistant to quinolone antibiotics and the resistance rates to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin were 81.25% and 43.75%， respectively. The resistance rate to gentamicin （12.50%） and erythromycin （12.50%）， azithromycin （12.50%）， telithromycin （12.50%） and streptomycin （6.25%） was relatively low.ConclusionThe detection rate of Arcobacter in raw chickens in Shunyi District is high. It should be alert to the risk of food-borne diseases caused by undercooked cooking and cross-contamination.

Objective To investigate the effects of Apocynum venetum L. (AV) on obesity, metabolic dysbiosis and intestinal flora disorder induced by high-fat diet in mice. Methods A total of 18 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=6 in each): control group, obesity model group (HFD) and AV treatment group (AV). The mice of the control group were fed with normal diet, those from the other 2 groups with high-fat diet, and those of the last group were concurrently given drinking water containing AV extract. All mice were weighed every Sunday. After 12 weeks of intervention, the subcutaneous and visceral fat of mice were measured; the liver lipid degeneration was observed by HE staining; the serum levels of glucose, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were tested using biochemical kits. In addition, the expression levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and resistin in the intestinal tract were detected by RT-PCR, and the changes of intestinal microbiota were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. Results As compared with the HFD group, the AV group showed significantly lighter body weight (P < 0.05), less visceral and subcutaneous fat contents (P < 0.05), and lower serum levels of glucose, TC, TG and LDL-C (P < 0.05). Similarly, the steatosis of liver tissue was alleviated in the AV-treated mice, with remarkably decreased levels of pro-inflammatory factors in the intestine (P < 0.05). High-throughput sequencing results suggested that HFD notably induced intestinal flora disorder, including alterations of overall distribution and function of the intestinal microbiota, while these changes were reversed by AV extract treatment. Conclusion AV extract can ameliorate HFD-induced obesity and metabolic dysbiosis, as well as alleviate intestinal flora disorder in mice.