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Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has been widely used in industry due to the advantages of high efficiency, high power density and high reliability. In this paper, a finite-control-set model-free predictive current control (FCS-MFPCC) based on extended control set is proposed for permanent magnet synchronous motor drives. At first, the mathematical model of PMSM is analyzed and the principle of finite-control-set model predictive current control (FCS-MPCC) is elaborated. Then, the traditional FCS-MFPCC based on linear extended state observer (LESO) is introduced. In order to tackle the issue of dissatisfactory steady-state performance of the traditional FCS-MFPCC, a control-set extension method based on the discrete space vector modulation (DSVM) is utilized, by which, the number of voltage vectors can be increased to 25. Following this, a fast optimization strategy is proposed to solve the problem of high computation burden caused by the extended control set. The principle and procedure of implementation of the strategy is explained in detail. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control strategy are verified by comparing the traditional and the proposed FCS-MFPCC methods based on a 500 W PMSM experimental test rig. The results show that the proposed control strategy can significantly enhance the steady-state performance of the system. The total harmonic distortion of stator current can be reduced from 10.07% to 6.48%.

This paper summarized the nursing interventions based on the knowledge-attitude-practice model on anxiety and treatment compliance in an elderly patient with Ramsay-Hunt Syndrome and vestibular neuritis. This elderly female patient was diagnosed as vertigo of wind-Yang disturbance syndrome by Traditional Chinese Medicine syndrome differentiation, and she was suffered from anxiety and low treatment compliance. Based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine syndrome differentiation, nursing interventions based on the knowledge-attitude-practice model were carried out to relieve the anxiety and improve the treatment compliance. The Self-rating Anxiety Scale score dropped form 60 to 25 before discharge form hospital. The Morisky medication adherence scale score increased from 2. 5 to 8, indicating a improved level of medication adherence of the patient after intervention. (本文总结基于知信行理论(KAP)模式干预1例耳带状疱疹合并前庭神经炎老年患者焦虑情绪和治疗依从性的护理体会。本例高龄女性患者中医诊断为眩晕(风阳上扰证), 且存在焦虑情绪和治疗依从性差的问题。基于中医辨证分型, 运用KAP模式进行护理干预。患者焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分从60分(轻度焦虑)降低至25分(无焦虑), 焦虑情绪得到改善; Morisky服药依从性量表评分从2. 5分上升至8分, 治疗依从性得到提高。)

In planetary surfaces, oblique impact events are commonplace, and their study holds significant importance for understanding planetary impact processes and aiding in the design of landers and impactors. Current research predominantly focuses on simplified models to study the force and motion under vertical impact craters in terms of scale and impact loading. For oblique impacts, investigations have primarily concentrated on the final crater shape. However, the specific influence of impact load motion on particle bed movement and the precise impact angle’s effect on the ultimate crater shape during the impact process remain unclear. In this study, we used a custom-built oblique impact experimental setup to analyze changes in the velocity field of the particle bed and the horizontal movement of the impact load. Using quasi-static region to assess ellipticity, we aimed to reveal the state of particle movement during oblique impacts and explore the impact of impact angles and energies on crater formation. The results indicate that under large impact angles, the obliquely acquired kinetic energy is minimal, leading to a predominant static point source movement of the particle bed. At higher energy levels, the impact load primarily excavates downward, resulting in the formation of circular impact craters. These findings underscore the sensitivity of particle bed motion to impact angles, making it a crucial metric for assessing the impact of oblique angles on final crater morphology.

Context: There is a significant challenge associated with the co-morbidity of mental and physical illnesses throughout the world. A classic example of mental/physical co-morbidity is diabetes-related depression (DD). Objective: DD is treated with Zuogui Jiangtang Jieyu prescription (ZJJ). Diabetes and psychiatric disorders are associated with dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. In this study, the aim is to examine the effects of ZJJ on gut microbiota and neuroinflammation in DD. Methods: A model of DD was established and treated with medium and high doses of ZJJ as well as Metformin & Fluoxetine. A detection of depressive-like behavior was then conducted on the rats. Proinflammatory cytokines were measured in cerebrospinal fluid, and HPA axis-related proteins, glucose metabolism, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were measured in serum. Fecal samples from each group were collected and analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing; TLR4 and MyD88 levels were detected by Western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the hippocampus. Results: High doses of ZJJ (ZJJ-H) were found to alleviate HPA axis hyperactivity and improve gut microbiota in rats with DD. Additionally, ZJJ treatment attenuated the inflammatory response in cerebrospinal fluid, e.g. a significant reduction in proinflammatory factors, a decrease in serum LPS levels, and an inhibition of TLR4/MyD88-related pathways in the hippocampus. Discussion and conclusion: ZJJ improved DD glucose metabolism and alleviated depression-like behaviors by improving gut microbiota and inhibiting hippocampal TLR4/Myd88 signaling pathways.

Medical infusion stand is an indispensable and frequently used medical device for clinical intravenous infusion. The rational use of its functions is an important link to ensure the smooth progress of treatment. This paper introduces a multi-functional support for infusion effectively, which avoids the problem of aisle congestion caused by the occupation of space by the blank storage frame or the problem of affecting the pedestrian movement, improves the safety of use, improves the work efficiency of nursing staff, and ensures the safety of medication to a certain extent. (医用输液架是临床静脉输液必不可少且使用最频繁的医疗器械, 其功能的合理使用是确保治疗顺利进行的重要环节。本研究介绍一种新型输液用多功能支架, 在一定程度上优化了置物框对空间的利用率, 有效提高了用药安全性和护理人员工作效率。)

With the development of the social informatization, the demand for optical fiber communication system capacity continues to grow. Channel impairment has always been the key factor limiting the capacity in optical fiber communication system. As the basic function and key technology in optical fiber communication system, channel impairment compensation is constantly improved. Applying deep learning technology in channel impairment compensation of optical fiber communication has attracted the attention of many researchers. This paper introduces the common deep learning models used and the development of deep learning technology for impairments compensation of optical fiber communication systems in recent years.

As one locus of extraordinary collocations, poeticized language features expressions that depart from the physical reality, involving the subjective transformation of objects in the mental space. Increasing subjectivity renders extraordinary collocations resistant to rational readings, resulting in two types of constructions: “innovative” collocations and “self-created” collocations. The meaning construction in the former is easier to achieve than in the latter; the former entails the “rational evaluation” and the latter the “speculative evaluation” processes in metalanguage. With its rule-breaking defiance caused by meaning obscurity compensated for by rich implied meaning and positive aesthetic feedback, the “self-created” collocations are regarded as poetic and re-accepted by the system. Therefore, the so-termed “poeticness” is derived from the positive feedback during the speculative evaluation process and constitutes the main substance of aesthetic interpretation.

The POI data and Place2vec model within the third ring of Fuzhou City were used to identify the functional zones in the city, on the basis of which we were able to analyze the characteristics of the spatial differentiation of the thermal field levels in each functional zone. We subsequently constructed the functional zone warming sensitivity index using a boosting regression tree algorithm to quantitatively measure the sensitivity difference of different functional zones in the process of surface warming and then explored the spatial differentiation mechanism of the urban thermal environment on a regional scale. The results showed the following. First, the identification framework of urban functional zones was constructed based on POI data and the Place2vec model; and the identification of the five types of functional zones—the living service and residential zone, public management and service zone, commercial zone, industrial zone, green space and square zone—was highly accuratecy. Second, the internal thermal field grades of the green space and square zone are mainly low-temperature and sub-low-temperature, while the rest of the four types of internal surface heat field grades of functional zones are dominated by medium-temperature, sub-high-temperature, high-temperature, and very-high-temperature zones. Additionally, the distribution of sub-low-temperature, low-temperature, and very-low-temperature zones is not significant. Except for the green space and square zone, all four types of functional zones exhibit high-temperature phenomena, of which the extremely high-temperature zone accounts for the most in the industrial zone (as high as 20.68%) and the least in the green space and square zone(1.90%). Third, the overall sensitivity to temperature increase of each type of functional zone, in descending order, is as follows: industrial zone, living service and residential zone, commercial zone, public management and service zone, green space and square zone. The sensitivity to temperature increase of each functional zone in different warming stages differs significantly under the high-temperature gradient. The sensitivity to temperature increase of the ground cover of different functional zones has the distinctive characteristics of the functional zones. Specifically, the higher the degree of development of the zone, the higher the sensitivity to temperature increase of the built land. The higher the degree of regional construction development, the greater the difference between the sensitivity of construction land and the sensitivity of vegetation and water, and the sensitivity of construction land is always higher than the sensitivity of vegetation and water in each functional zone. The results of this study will help overcome the limitations of existing urban thermal environmental research and provide a scientific decision-making basis for promoting the rational layout of urban functional areas, alleviating the urban heat island effect, preventing the risk of high temperatures under extreme weather conditions, and realizing sustainable urbanization.

Background General practice research should be in the hands of general practitioners (GPs) . GPs' participation in research is an important condition of development of the discipline. Compared with other clinical medicines, the research activities of GPs need to be enhanced. Objective Based on the perspectives and actions of GPs worldwide towards research, this study aims to investigate the driving forces and obstacles underlying the development of family medicine. Methods Rapid literature review, using PubMed data to understand opinions of international general practice colleagues. Results Over 90% GPs thought research was very important, 60% of GPs were interested in research, 30% expressed willingness to participate, 10% were actually involving research, and less than 1% of GPs published research results. In terms of attitude and ability, GPs believe that the lack of relevance between research and actual clinical practice weakens the usefulness of research; some GPs believe that research work is not part of their own duties and out of their abilities; less than half of doctors believe research training should provide to registrars. The barriers for research included heavy clinical workloads, too much paperwork, increasing clinical management requirements, doctors' goals of making more money, and lack of research practice, support and research funds. Facilitating factors for research included access to good research mentors, having the opportunity to join well-known and well-designed general practice research projects, or having access to more information resources through research activities. GPs' factors include experience, diligence and hard work, frequent participation in research training, frequent reading of academic literatures, and running or managing their own general practice. Conclusion Research activity in general practice is low and high-quality research results are few. Research methodology training is one of the strategies to promote general medical research. Same important, we should also pay more attention to the intrinsic motivation and intensity of doctors' participation in research, provide doctors with research time and funding resources, and encourage the establishment and maintenance of a core team and network for general practice research, as well to develop the research ideas and culture of critical thinking in general practice area.

Abstract Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains one of the most aggressive tumors and the efficacy of conventional treatment has been bleak. Nowadays, gene-targeted therapy has become a new favorite in tumor therapy. Herein, we investigated the effect of platelet derived growth factor BB (PDGFBB) on LUAD. Firstly, PDGFBB was upregulated in LUAD patients and closely linked with poor survival. Furthermore, the expression of PDGFBB and PDGFRα/β in LUAD cells was higher than that in normal lung cells. By loss-of-function with herpes simplex virus (HSV)-PDGFi-shRNA, we found that PDGFBB knockdown caused a significant decrease in proliferation and migration, but evoked apoptosis of LUAD cells in vitro. Conversely, exogenous PDGFBB held adverse effect. Additionally, A549 cells with PDGFBB knockdown had a low probability of tumorigenesis in vivo. Moreover, PDGFBB knockdown restrained the growth of xenografts derived from normal A549 cells. Mechanistically, PDGFBB knockdown suppressed PI3K/AKT and Ras/MAPK signaling, while PDGFBB was the opposite. Therefore, we concluded that PDGFBB might facilitate the tumorigenesis and malignancy of LUAD through its functional downstream nodes—PI3K/AKT and Ras/MAPK signaling, which supported that PDGFBB could serve as a rational therapeutic target for LUAD.

Comparing to traditional onboard chargers, integrated onboard charger system (IOCS) takes obvious merits in terms of cost and power density. In this paper, an IOCS based on a six-phase permanent magnet motor drive is designed, and model predictive current control (MPCC) methods are studied for the IOCS under the grid-connection modes. At first, the topology of the IOCS is analyzed and the mathematical model is established. Following this, the implementation of traditional MPCC is also introduced. Then, a MPCC based on duty cycle optimization (DCO-MPCC) is proposed to overcome the disadvantages of the traditional MPCC including high computation burden and bad steady-state performance. On the one hand, the computation burden is alleviated by reducing the number of the alternative voltage vectors. On the other hand, a duty cycle optimization technique is proposed to enhance the steady-state performance. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control strategy are verified using experiments. The experimental results indicate that the proposed control strategy can significantly enhance the steady-state performance of the system and reduce the computation burden. The total harmonic distortion (THD) of grid current is reduced by 6.18% and 5.92% under charging and vehicle to grid (V2G) operations, respectively. Meanwhile, the execution time of the proposed strategy is decreased by 17.54 μs.

Background Community health services play an effective role in delaying the progression of diabetes and managing diabetes complications. Previous studies have suggested that the subjective experiences of visits to community health centers by patients with diabetes contributes to their improved health outcomes. However, few studies have evaluated the correlation of glycemic control outcomes with specific service processes and objective experiences of programs received by diabetic patients in the community health service centers. Objective To explore the correlation between the community health service experiences and glycemic control outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods A cross-sectional survey design and multi-stage, cluster random sampling method was used to select six community health service centers in the central urban area of Guangzhou, with one family doctor team randomly selected from each center. A total of 336 patients with diabetes who visited the corresponding family doctor teams from September to November 2019 were recruited as the study subjects. A questionnaire was conducted to collect baseline information, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level, and Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCAT) scores. The glycemic control outcomes of patients were assessed based on the FPG level, and their experiences of community health services were assessed based on the PCAT scores. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the effect of community health service experiences on glycemic control outcomes in diabetic patients. Results The glycemic control rate of the included diabetic patients was 73.2% (246/336). The total PCAT score and the scores for each dimension of PCAT with good glycemic control outcomes were higher than those of patients with poor glycemic control outcomes, and the difference was statistically significant (P

Dicyclohexyl phthalate （DCHP） is a phthalic acid esters. It has been widely used in plastic processing and as a component in printing ink， paints， coatings， adhesives， and so on. DCHP can be detected in food， water， soil， air and dust. The application and management of DCHP was introduced， and its pollution characteristics based on existing research at home and abroad was described in this paper. And the research progress of DCHP’s metabolic processes in vivo and the hazard of liver， reproductive system， endocrine system and related mechanisms were further elaborated. And the existing problems and further research directions will be discussed.

The nano-silver-coated tin (Sn@Ag) paste was modeled using the method of the Anand unified viscoplastic constitutive model and elastic model. After thermal cyclic loading, the plastic strain of the solder joints increased cumulatively, while the maximum equivalent stress remained basically stable. The simulation results show that the maximum displacement occurs at the solder joint at the farthest end from the center of the chip, which is a dangerous solder joint. Using the finite element method and EPRI (the American Electric Power Research Institute) estimation method, the fatigue life of the nano-silver-coated tin solder joint is predicted to be 616 weeks, which is significantly higher than that of the nano-silver solder joint. It is indicated that adding a certain amount of nano-tin to the nano-silver paste to form a core–shell structure can improve the shear strength of the solder joint and reduce the plastic strain, thereby significantly improving the reliability of the solder joint. It is proved by experiments that the nano-silver paste is feasible for flip–chip interconnection. The research on this topic provides experimental reference and theoretical basis for the application of a new generation of interconnection materials in power devices and promotes the development and application of microelectronic packaging technology.

Trilobolide-6-O-isobutyrate exhibits significant antitumor effects on cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cells by effectively inhibiting the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway. This study aims to investigate the mechanisms underlying the antitumor properties of trilobolide-6-O-isobutyrate, and to explore its potential as a therapeutic agent for CCA. This study illustrates that trilobolide-6-O-isobutyrate efficiently suppresses CCA cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, trilobolide-6-O-isobutyrate stimulates the production of reactive oxygen species, leading to oxidative stress and initiation of apoptosis via the activation of the mitochondrial pathway. Data from xenograft tumor assays in nude mice confirms that TBB inhibits tumor growth, and that there are no obvious toxic effects or side effects in vivo. Mechanistically, trilobolide-6-O-isobutyrate exerts antitumor effects by inhibiting STAT3 transcriptional activation, reducing PCNA and Bcl-2 expression, and increasing P21 expression. These findings emphasizes the potential of trilobolide-6-O-isobutyrate as a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of CCA.

miRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules which serve as promising biomarkers due to their important roles in the development and progression of various cancer types. The detection of miRNAs is of vital importance to the early-stage diagnostics and prognostics of multiple diseases. However, traditional detection strategies have faced some challenges owing to the intrinsic characteristics of miRNAs including small size, short sequence length, low concentration level and high sequence homology in complex real samples. To overcome these challenges, we proposed a MXene-enhanced plasmonic biosensor for real-time and label-free detection of miRNA. By utilizing MXene nanomaterial which possesses unique characteristics including large surface area and strong carrier confinement abilities, we tuned the absorption of our plasmonic sensing substrate to reach a “zero-reflection” state and induced an extremely sharp phase change at the resonance angle. Combined with the sensing mechanism based on phase-induced lateral displacement measurement, this MXene-enhanced plasmonic biosensor can achieve a much superior sensing performance compared to traditional SPR devices. Based on this biosensing scheme, the ultrasensitive detection of target miRNA with a detection limit down to 10 fM has been successfully demonstrated. More importantly, single-base mismatched miRNA can be easily distinguished from the target miRNA according to the sensing signal. Furthermore, our plasmonic biosensor is capable of detecting miRNA in complex media such as 100 % human serum samples without compromising the detection sensitivity. This MXene-enhanced plasmonic sensing scheme has the ability of detecting miRNAs with extremely low concentration levels in complex surrounding media without the need of introducing extra labels or amplification tags, which holds great potential in various biological applications and clinical diagnostics.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of abnormal prothrombin (des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin, DCP), Golgi protein 73 (GP73) and α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (α-HBDH) in the patients with alpha-fetoprotein（AFP）-negative primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHCC). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection treated in Second Hospital of Nanjing from January 2021 to December 2022, including 88 PHCC patients with negative AFP (PHCC group), 84 patients with hepatitis cirrhosis (cirrhosis group) and 75 patients with chronic hepatitis B (hepatitis group). At the same time, 67 healthy persons were served as control group. The serum DCP, GP73 and α-HBDH levels were detected and compared among these groups to assess the diagnostic efficacy of the three indicators (alone or in combination) for AFP-negative PHCC by drawing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results The levels of DCP, GP73 and α-HBDH in PHCC group were significantly higher than those in cirrhosis group, hepatitis group and control group (P＜0.05), respectively. In the diagnosis of AFP-negative PHCC, the area under ROC (AUC) of combined detection of DCP, GP73 and α-HBDHwas 0.889, which was higher than that of DCP (0.804), GP73 (0.748) and α-HBDH (0.800) individually, and there were significant differences (Z =3.087, 3.350, 3.042, P＜0.01). The sensitivity (92.04%), specificity (96.03%) and accuracy (91.09%) of combined detection were the highest, followed by those of alone DCP (56.82%, 91.82%, 79.35%, respectively). Conclusion DCP, GP73 and α-HBDH have certain value in diagnosing AFP-negative PHCC, and the combined detection is helpful to improve the diagnostic efficiency.

BackgroundDuring the reconstruction of radionuclide activity of waste by conventional tomography gamma scanning (TGS), the measurement time is long due to the division of a large number of invalid voxels, and the reconstruction accuracy is low due to the iterative solution of the pathology equation. The traditional division method of encrypting only circumferential voxels does not significantly improve the reconstruction accuracy.PurposeThis study aims to solve the problem of long measurement time and low accuracy of TGS by elaborating the influence law of voxel division method on reconstruction accuracy.MethodsFor a 400 L cement waste drum with a radius of 35 cm, a coaxial HPGe detector with a detection efficiency of 40% (crystal diameter 6.09 cm, length 5.18 cm) was used at a distance of 74 cm from the center of the drum to measure two types of nuclides, 60Co and 137Cs. The error situation of the optimized method of voxel partitioning and the traditional voxel partitioning method were compared by random point source activity reconstruction experiments. By calculating the condition number and count rate deviation of different voxel partitioning methods, the influence law of voxel partitioning methods on the reconstruction accuracy was investigated.ResultsComparison results show that the radial encryption method leads to an increase in the number of very small value points and a decrease in the value of very large value points in the count rate deviation curve, which improves the reconstruction accuracy. Compared with the conventional division method, the voxel division optimization method reduces the number of voxels and thus the measurement time by about 9/10; at the same time, it reduces the number of conditions and the count rate deviation, which reduces the maximum reconstruction error by about 2/3.ConclusionAn optimized voxel division method proposed in this study makes use of the influence law of different voxel divisions on the reconstruction error through theory and experiment, hence improves the measurement accuracy and reduce the measurement time.

The persistent elevation of the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases and sudden pandemic of COVID-19 infections have once again attracted the attention of the whole society to prevention activities closely associated with epidemic prevention. Although the correlation between prevention and treatment of health is a long-term topic, innovation and mechanism of treatment-prevention integration proposed by Chinese health administration after the peak of COVID-19 epidemic has attracted attention and reflections of the medical and academic fields. Medical treatment and prevention are inseparable. The questions such as how to achieve the coordination and balance between treatment and prevention, what is the solution of treatment-prevention integration, are worth further study and exploration. Beginning with clarifying the concept of treatment and prevention, this paper analyzes the reasons for the separation of treatment and prevention, explores the approaches for effective connection and cooperative interaction between the two, thus providing further research directions for general practice researchers, calling on colleagues in general practice to contribute their wisdom and promote the contribution of treatment-prevention integration to healthy China.

Abstract Gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs) play critical roles in gastric cancer (GC) initiation and development. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) participate in diverse cancer biological processes and function as tumor suppressors or oncogenes. This study aims to discover the expression profile and functional roles of circRNAs in GCSCs. A spheroid formation assay was conducted to enrich GCSCs. Genome-wide sequencing of circRNAs showed that a novel circRNA, circSLC4A7, was one of the most upregulated circRNAs in GCSCs. CircSLC4A7 was localized to the nucleus, and its level was elevated in GC cells and tissues. Furthermore, circSLC4A7 increased CSC-like properties and drove cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, which were determined by gain- and loss-of-function experiments. Specific circRNA pull-down assays followed by mass spectrometry analysis, RNA immunoprecipitation, and dual RNA-fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence assay were conducted and HSP90 was detected to interact with circSLC4A7 and mediate the oncogenic function of circSLC4A7 by activating the Notch1 signaling pathway in GC. This study highlights a novel oncogenic function of circSLC4A7 mediated by its binding with HSP90 and thus activating the Notch1 signaling pathway.

Addressing the challenges of integrating industry and education, this research unveils a knowledge monitoring model aimed at refining the talent cultivation process, particularly in higher trade colleges and universities in China. The “2+1” model is developed in response to issues such as ineffective teaching practices, an abundance of practical courses without depth, and weak university-industry collaboration. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the talent cultivation demand and integration policies, this model employs a multi-scale integration network to foster a meaningful fusion of industry and education. Through case study evaluation, a strong positive correlation (0.727, significant at the 0.01 level) between overall satisfaction and the accomplishment of skills cultivation highlights the model’s effectiveness. This contribution not only advances our understanding of talent development in vocational education but also has significant implications for the broader application of industry-education collaborative models.

This research investigates the application of deep learning to college physical education, proposing an innovative teaching methodology that significantly improves outcomes by fostering students’ practical skills and innovation. We introduce a structured deep learning model encompassing four stages and twelve instructional steps, employing an “independent-cooperative-inquiry” modality in real-world teaching scenarios. Through empirical assessment in various T colleges, notable enhancements were observed in student attitudes toward physical education, collaborative spirit, and physical health, culminating in a 92% satisfaction rate with the teaching approach and an 85% boost in learning effectiveness. Adopting a deep learning-based pedagogy in physical education elevates teaching quality and enriches students’ comprehensive abilities, charting a new course for the pedagogical advancement in this field.

This research establishes an emergency evacuation time model specifically designed for subway stations with complex structures. The model takes into account multiple factors, including passenger flow rate, subway facility parameters, and crowd density, to accurately assess evacuation times. It considers the impact of horizontal walking distance, flow rate, subway train size, and stair parameters on the overall evacuation process. By identifying bottleneck points such as gates, car doors, and stairs, the model facilitates the evaluation of evacuation capacity and the formulation of effective evacuation plans, particularly in multiline subway transfer stations. The good consistency is achieved between the calculated evacuation time and simulated results using the Pathfinder software (with the relative error of 5.4%). To address urban traffic congestion and enhance subway station safety, the study recommends implemented measures for emergency diversion and passenger flow control. Additionally, the research presents characteristic mathematical models for various evacuation routes by considering the structural and temporal characteristics of metro systems. These models provide valuable guidance for conducting large-scale passenger evacuation simulations in complex environments. Future research can further enhance the model by incorporating psychological factors, evacuation signage, and strategies for vulnerable populations. Overall, this study contributes to a better understanding of evacuation dynamics and provides practical insights to improve safety and efficiency in subway systems.

With the continuous deep integration of the Internet and education, soccer culture has been popularized in the field of physical education, and its influence on physical education in Chinese colleges and universities has been deepened. This paper firstly constructs the evaluation index system of soccer culture on the teaching ability of physical education in Chinese colleges and universities based on the linear regression model and logistic regression model in the context of the Internet, determines the final evaluation index system, calculates the weight coefficients of the indexes, and derives the relative importance of each index through comparison. Secondly, the relative scores of indicators are determined according to the weights of the evaluation index system of teaching ability of physical education, and the influence of football culture on physical education in Chinese colleges and universities is analyzed. The numerical values show that the mean scores of experts’ scores of teaching ability as well as the coefficient of variation, have changed, which obviously can show that the modified indicators of teaching innovation ability have a higher degree of expert recognition. The means of the four indicators were 4.86, 4.7, 4.7, and 4.65, with standard deviations of 0.34713, 0.5, 0.5, and 0.56721, and coefficients of variation of 7.34%, 6.25%, 6.25%, and 12.45%. Thus, it is feasible to analyze the influence of soccer culture on physical education in Chinese colleges and universities using linear regression models and logistic regression models based on Internet technology.

This paper constructs a structural equation model of the implementation mechanism of the Civics and Politics teaching in compulsory physical education courses, taking teaching methods and teaching organization as mediating indicators to test the mediating effect. Combined with the existing results of the construction of the physical education curriculum Civics, it designs and constructs the integrated construction model of physical education curriculum Civics for the whole academic period and optimizes the structure of digital effectiveness of the construction of the physical education curriculum Civics, by designing and conducting comparative experiments to explore the teaching effect of the implementation of the flipped classroom teaching mode in the Civics and Politics of Physical Education in colleges and universities. Analyze the methods and means of teaching Civics and evaluate them for the construction of college sports courses in the context of deep learning. Conduct empirical research on the integration of Civic politics elements in sports courses, analyzing the degree of students’ cognition and mastery of Civic politics elements and the application and change of students’ Civic politics elements. The analysis shows that the confidence interval of teaching content→teaching methods→teaching organization→Civics and politics goal achievement is 0.005-0.048, the effect value is 0.018, and the p-value is 0.008. It proves that the teaching methods and teaching organization play a chain mediating effect in the influence of teaching content on the achievement of Civics and politics goals.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the microbial succession and the changes of volatile flavor substances in traditional fermented fish. Methods: Traditional microbial counting methods, high-throughput sequencing, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS） were applied to explore the effects of different fermentation times of traditional fermented fish （0~180 d） on microflora changes and the volatile flavor compounds during the processing of the solid fermentation process of traditional fermented fish as well as on the correlation between them. Results: The results showed that the main dominant bacterial genera included Staphylococcus, Lactobacillus, etc. That there were 69 volatile flavor components in fermentation process, mainly including acids, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, N compound；benzene compound, alkyl aromatic compound, esters. and their types and contents changed with the fermentation time. The correlation analysis results showed that Staphylococcus was positively correlated with N-containing compounds and negatively correlated with alcohols. Lactobacillus was significant positively correlated with nonanoic acid,1-octen-3-ol, nonanal, tetradecanal, 2, 4-dimethyl styrene, decyl ene, ethyl caproate （0.01＜P＜0.05）. And negatively correlated with heptenic acid, 3-methylbutyric acid, 2, 3-butanediol, 2, 6-di-tert-butyl p-cresol, Copaene and myristic ethyl ester. Although the relative abundance of microorganisms such as Citrobacter, Turbulella, Psychrobacter, Acinetobacter, Oceanospirillales and Flavobacteria was relatively low in the whole fermentation process, there was also an obvious correlation with the formation of flavor substances. Conclusion: The microbial community and volatile flavor compounds have a series of changes with fermentation time, and there is a significant correlation between them.

Sterigmatocystins and aflatoxins are a group of mycotoxins mainly isolated from fungi of the genera Aspergillus. Since the discovery of sterigmatocystins in 1954 and aflatoxins in 1961, many scholars have conducted a series of studies on their structural identification, synthesis and biological activities. Studies have shown that sterigmatocystins and aflatoxins have a wide range of biological activities such as antitumour, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiplasmodial, etc. The sterigmatocystins and aflatoxins had been shown to be hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic in animals. This review attempts to give a comprehensive summary of progress on the chemical structural features, synthesis, and bioactivity of sterigmatocystins and aflatoxins reported from 1954 to April 2024. A total of 72 sterigmatocystins and 20 aflatoxins are presented in this review. This paper reviews the chemical diversity and potential activity and toxicity of sterigmatocystins and aflatoxins, enhances the understanding of sterigmatocystins and aflatoxins that adversely affect humans and animals, and provides ideas for their prevention, research and development.

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) are approved for cancer therapy according to their synthetic lethal interactions, and clinical trials have been applied in non–small cell lung cancer. However, the therapeutic efficacy of PARPis in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is still unknown. We explored the effect of a mutated retinoblastoma gene (RB1) on PARPi sensitivity in LUAD. Bioinformatic screening was performed to identify PARPi-sensitive biomarkers. Here, we showed that viability of LUAD cell lines with mutated RB1 was significantly decreased by PARPis (niraparib, rucaparib, and olaparib). RB1 deficiency induced genomic instability, prompted cytosolic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) formation, activated the cGAS/STING pathway, and upregulated downstream chemokines CCL5 and CXCL10, triggering immune cell infiltration. Xenograft experiments indicated that PARPi treatment reduced tumorigenesis in RB1-KO mice. Additionally, single-cell RNA sequencing analysis showed that malignant cells with downregulated expression of RB1 had more communications with other cell types, exhibiting activation of specific signaling such as GAS, IFN response, and antigen-presenting and cytokine activities. Our findings suggest that RB1 mutation mediates the sensitivity to PARPis through a synthetic lethal effect by triggering the cGAS/STING pathway and upregulation of immune infiltration in LUAD, which may be a potential therapeutic strategy.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the quality differences among different hybrid enoki mushrooms （Flammulina filiformis） strains and breed new strains with high quality. Methods: Two different protoplast monocytes of yellow enoki mushrooms Fv1923 were used as one of the parents to cross with 6 enoki mushrooms protoplasts （2 yellow and 4 white strains）, and a total of 12 yellow hybrid strains were obtained. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to evaluate the free amino acids of 12 hybrid strains, and the flavor diversity of different protoplast hybrid strains was also evaluated. Results: The average contents of essential amino acids, non-essential amino acids and total amino acids were 7.71, 22.83 and 30.54 mg/g, respectively. Methionine was the first limiting amino acid of strains F1, F11, F15, F16, F21, F29, F39, F41 and F42. The amino acid components in 12 hybrid strains had a strong correlation, and the cumulative variance contribution rate of the four principal components was 87.15%, which better reflected the comprehensive information of amino acids in hybrid strains. The top two strains in comprehensive scores were hybrid strains of Shangyan 1820 and Fv1923. Cluster analysis showed that 12 strains were divided into 6 groups, which was consistent with the results of principal component analysis and reflected the variety differences of free amino acids in different strains. Conclusion: There were significant differences in the composition and content of free amino acids inhybrid strains with different protoplast monocytes as parents.

The effect of three fixation methods (steaming, microwave and blanching) on the sensory evaluation, chemical indicators, antioxidant activity and volatile components of citrus flower tea made from satsuma mandarin flowers was studied. The results showed that citrus flower tea prepared by microwave fixation for 60 s had better quality, which was uniform in shape and had a persistent strong floral aroma, and the tea infusion had a bright color and an intense citrus-like flavor, contained the highest contents of polyphenols, flavonoids and soluble sugar, and possessed the strongest ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity. The major aroma substances of citrus flower tea were alcohols, aldehydes, terpenes and esters, among which β-elemene, γ-terpinene and linalool were the major volatile components. The three fixation methods had obvious effects on the aroma components of citrus flower tea. Indole, bergamot alcohol and nonanal were the characteristic aroma substances of citrus flower tea made by microwave fixation compared to the other fixation methods. The results of this study can provide useful information for the comprehensive development of citrus flowers and tea.

Background Evidence-based clinical guidelines are important resources for promoting the provision of high-quality and effective general practice services. Research on the development, application and effectiveness evaluation of guidelines in general practice is insufficient. Objective To understand the development and application of international guidelines in general practice, informing the development and utilization of relevant guidelines in China. Methods The PubMed database was systematically searched from August to September 2022 for studies in English related to the development, application and effectiveness of guidelines in general practice published during January 1, 2012 to September 7, 2022. The author information and focused issues as well as publication journals of the studies were extracted. And associated factors of the development, distribution and use, and effectiveness of guidelines were reviewed. Results (1) A number of countries, including China, conducted the research using quantitative, qualitative, literature review and theoretical methods. (2) Organisations of general practitioners (GPs) and researchers in general practice leading or participating in guideline development, can improve the guideline acceptability and applicability, and the integration of physician experiences and patient preferences in shaping the guideline. General practice consensus is an appropriate type of the guideline. Referral recommendation is one key component of the guidelines. Guideline analysis and adaptation can be used as a strategy for GPs training. (3) Compared with specialty guidelines, the application of guidelines in general practice has been affected by more factors. Problem-oriented and self-guided guideline trainings are beneficial to the improvement of guideline compliance. Clinical audits and evidence-based medicine journal clubs are common and effective approaches for promoting guideline implementation. GPs' feedback on the guideline contributes to continuous improvement of the guidelines. (4) The impact of these guidelines on GPs' practice behaviour can be assessed observationally, while that on patient outcomes requires to be assessed using more rigorous and complex study designs. Conclusion GPs' participation in the development, implementation and evaluation of the guidelines is an enviable trend of the development in evidence-based general practice. GPs' experience and humanism, patients' preferences and expectations, and various internal and external factors associated with general practice, all need to be incorporated into the development, implementation, and evaluation of the guidelines, under collaboration with methodological experts.

Karst landforms are mainly special landscapes formed by carbonate dissolution.They are characterized by calcium abundance, lack of soil resources, and insufficient water resources. The growth and development of vegetation in the karst area is restricted by the bedrock. It is very important to understand the synergistic interaction between vegetation metabolism and geochemistry of carbonate rocks in karst areas to maintain the stability of structure and function of the karst ecosystem.The mechanism and law of interaction between vegetation and rock geochemical background in karst areas from two aspects is expounded in this paper: vegetation community promotes weathering of carbonate rocks and geochemical background restricts vegetation.Through summarizing: (1) Plants promote the weathering and dissolution of carbonate rocks through physicochemical and biological actions, such as secreting carbonic anhydrase organic matter, improving the water retention performance of rock surface through boring by organisms and accelerating the disintegration of broken rocks through root splitting, thus forming a unique karst geochemical background of drought, high calcium, shallow soil layer and lack of nutrients in the soil layer.(2) With the long-term interaction between plants and the karst environment, plants adapt to environmental stress by adjusting their own structures and physiological functions, and even their unique plant succession rules. The plants that survived eventually evolved into unique karst plants that were drought-resistant, adaptable to high-calcium environments, and able to cope with nutrient deficiencies.Due to the solubility of carbonate rocks, the hydrologic system forms a two-layer spatial structure of surface and underground, which makes it difficult to utilize groundwater resources. As a result, the available water resources of local plants are limited, and are prone to drought stress. The drought resistance of plants adapts to the drought or water shortage environment mainly through physiological and biochemical processes, morphological structure and water use. In the morphological structure of the plant, through the stomatal regulation and the xeric structural characteristics of the leaves, the transpiration water loss of the plant is minimized. Some karst plants can cope with drought stress through physiological and biochemical processes, which can reduce the damage caused by drought stress by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and accumulating osmoregulatory substances through phytochemicals. Karst plants improve water use efficiency and reduce transpiration through different water use methods in the dry season. For example, some plants absorb deep soil, deep bedrock water or groundwater water through developed deep roots, and some plants even use fog water.The adaptability of plants to high calcium is realized through physiological structure and process. In a high calcium environment, karst plants can limit the excess calcium transfer upward by forming calcified roots and keeping the calcium content in plants in a relatively stable state through the regulation of calcium oxalate crystal cells and leaves. Plants can also control the intracellular calcium ion concentration by regulating the calcium pool in vivo and controlling the absorption and transport of calcium.Organic acids and mycorrhiza secreted by roots can help vegetation obtain nutrients in the soil to cope with nutrient deficiency in the soil. The organic acid content secreted by the roots of karst plants is usually higher than that of non-karst plants, and the increase of organic acid content can help plants to absorb trace elements. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM) and ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM) help plants adapt to nutrient deficiency by absorbing mineral nutrients from the soil.(3) The vegetation succession in the karst area is similar to the general stage of vegetation succession in normal landforms, but the vegetation succession in the karst area has the particularity of self-generation. The vegetation succession from the middle to the top of the mountain takes a longer time. Vegetation succession changed physical and chemical properties and soil quality. In the process of succession, soil bulk density gradually decreases, and porosity gradually increases over time. At the same time, soil nutrients accumulate with the positive succession of vegetation. During the positive succession process of karst vegetation, the soil water and fertilizer retention capacity is enhanced, the stability is increased, and the survival probability of species and the species diversity are also increased. The special rock geochemical background in the karst area leads to the obvious changes in the spatial distribution of soil resources. High soil heterogeneity promotes the formation of plant community species diversity. For example, the tropical karst area in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province covers an area of 3600km2, accounting for 19% of the land area. The forest survey results in the karst area show that there are 153 families, 640 genera and 1394 species of vascular plants, accounting for 77.7% of the total floristic families, 56.1% of the genera and 37.9% of the species, respectively.The karst plant community is the result of the long interaction between the plant and the environment, the continuous adaptation to the environment and the growth and reproduction. The karstification of plants, the adaptation mechanism of plants under the typical karst soil environment such as drought, high calcium stress and lack of nutrient elements, as well as the succession characteristics of karst vegetation shown in the adaptation process and the biodiversity of vegetation are a whole interaction. The site growth of vegetation promotes the weathering of carbonate rocks and the formation of soil, creating conditions for their own growth. Meanwhile, soil area and soil thickness are positively correlated with plant diversity. The succession of vegetation changes the physical and chemical properties of soil and improves the quality of soil, and the karstification of carbonate rocks promotes the growth of vegetation. The adaptive mechanism of vegetation affects the distribution and growth of plants and promotes the succession process of plant communities and the formation of plant diversity. Due to the spatial heterogeneity of the karst environment and the diversity of plant habitats, plant diversity in karst areas is manifested as few genera, few species and endemic species. However, the internal relationship between plant diversity and the stability of the community ecosystem, as well as the comparative characteristics with non-karst areas still need to be further studied and explored.

In this paper, we proposed a multi-beam dual-circularly polarized (dual-CP) reflect-array (RA) antenna for Ka-band application. Two reflection beams fed by the right-handed (RH) CP horn point to $\theta _{\mathrm {R}}=3.5^{\circ }$ and $\theta _{\mathrm {R}}= -3.5^{\circ }$ at R-plane, and two left-handed (LH) CP beams fed by LHCP horn point to $\theta _{\mathrm {L}}=3.5^{\circ }$ and $\theta _{\mathrm {L}}= -3.5^{\circ }$ at L-plane at 30 GHz. There is a null between the two co-polarization beams to distinguish them. The reflection plane is composed of a circuit board with a size of 160 mm $\times $ 160 mm $\times $ 0.762 mm with 1304 RA cells printed on it and a metal reflection plate. The RA cells have different reflection phases with the size of 4 mm $\times $ 4 mm, based on multi-resonant structure, designed by diamonds and arrows. Measured results show that the beam directions obtained by feeding the LHCP horn and RHCP horn are the same as the design directions. The peak gain between the two co-polarized beams is very close, and the 3-dB gain bandwidth (BW) is about 25%, 2-dB axial ratio (AR) BW is up to 40%, which has broad application prospects in the long-distance and high-precision communication.

GaN-based microring lasers grown on Si are promising candidates for compact and efficient light sources in Si-based optoelectronic integration and optical interconnect due to their small footprints, low mode volume, low power consumption, and high modulation rate. However, the high symmetry of circular microcavity leads to isotropic emission, which not only reduces the light collection efficiency, but also affects other adjacent devices during data transmission. In this study, the unidirectional lasing emission of room-temperature current-injected GaN-based microring laser was realized by coating metal Ag on the microring sidewall and integrating a direct coupled waveguide. The light was efficaciously confined in the cavity and only emitted from the waveguide, which avoided optical signal crosstalk with other adjacent devices. Furthermore, we integrated a microdisk at the other end of the waveguide as a photodetector, which could effectively detect the output power of the microring laser from the direct coupled waveguide. Therefore, a preliminary on-chip integration of GaN-based microring laser, waveguide and photodetector on Si substrate was successfully demonstrated for the first time, opening up a new way for on-chip integration and optical interconnect on a GaN-on-Si platform.

ObjectiveTo investigate the genetic information of 57 autosomal InDel loci （A-InDels） included in AGCU InDel 60 fluorescence detection kit in the Beichuan Qiang population of Sichuan Province and evaluate its application value in forensic medicine.MethodsA total of 200 unrelated healthy individuals from Beichuan Qiang population of Sichuan Province were typing detected by AGCU InDel 60 fluorescence detection kit. Allele frequencies and population genetic parameters of the 57 A-InDels were statistically analyzed and compared with the available data of 26 populations.ResultsAfter Bonferroni correction, there was no linkage disequilibrium between the 57 A-InDels, and all loci were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Except for rs66595817 and rs72085595, the minor allele frequencies of 55 A-InDels were above 0.3. PIC ranged from 0.298 3 to 0.375 0, CDP was 1-2.974 8×10-24, CPEduo was 0.999 062 660, and CPEtrio was 0.999 999 999. The calculation of the genetic distance showed that Beichuan Qiang population had the closest genetic distances with Beijing Han and South China Han populations, but far away from African populations.ConclusionThe 57 A-InDels in AGCU InDel 60 fluorescence detection kit have a good genetic polymorphism in Beichuan Qiang population of Sichuan Province, which can be used as effective supplemental for individual identification and paternity identification in forensic medicine.

After tin–lead solders are banned, the widely used electronic packaging interconnect materials are tin–silver, tin–copper, and other alloy solders. With the application of high-power devices, traditional solders can no longer meet the new requirements. Nano-silver (Ag) paste, as a new solder substitute, exhibits excellent properties, such as excellent thermal and electrical conductivity, sintering at lower temperatures, and service at high temperatures. However, many organic devices still cannot withstand this temperature, and are often not suitable for the connection of nano-Ag paste packaging materials, therefore, it is very urgent to further reduce the sintering temperature of nano-silver paste. Based on the transient liquid phase sintering technology, by doping the nano-Ag paste with the nano-tin paste with a lower melting point to make the two uniformly mix, pressureless sintering at low temperature can be realized, and a sintered joint with a connection strength greater than 20 MPa can be formed. Considering that tin is easy to be oxidized, and the core–shell material can prevent the oxidation of tin, and at the same time ensure the uniform distribution of tin in silver, the doping scheme of the core–shell structure is determined. Heterogeneous flocculation method refers to the particles with different properties of charges which attract each other and agglomerate. It is a continuous reduction method for preparing core–shell materials. This method has the advantages of mild reaction conditions and less equipment investment, so the heterogeneous flocculation method is selected to prepare Sn@Ag core–shell nano paste. And research its sintering performance and strengthening mechanism.

The importance of groups in a business cannot be underestimated because working as a team is the most efficient way to find solutions to specific problem. This review paper aimed to provide a comprehensive view of the group and group dynamics in light of diverse theories from the past to the present by exploring how significant components of dynamics are entrenched in contemporary group literature. An extensive literature review was performed to examine 55 articles collected from various databases such as Web of Science and Scopus and published between 2000 and 2020. In social science, understanding group values is of particular importance because they determine what kinds of behavior are acceptable or unacceptable within the group. The study examined many constructs from past research, as well as key ideas from group-related theories. Moreover, research studies that have made significant contribution to management theories were explained with novel ideas in this paper along with future directions.

During the prevention and control of the COVID-19, the decrease in routine medical care has spread across countries in various degrees, also affecting the management of chronic disease accordingly. The policies and schemes of prevention and control of the COVID-19 in China have been adjusted since December 2022, health care system has been facing serious challenges, bringing increased pressure on primary care. Based on the experiences of other countries, this paper suggests that primary care in China should pay attention to the promoting of self-management for patients with chronic diseases, providing proactive service for patients with complex situations and high demand, strengthening the application and research of telemedicine, intensifying the community connection of primary care services, focusing on the improvement of the compensation mechanism of health services.