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Large language models based on massive data training bring the possibility of generalized artificial intelligence, but also bring new risks and challenges to data privacy protection. This paper analyzes the risks of data privacy protection in the whole process of large language model, argues the new ethical difficulties faced by the principle of informed consent and the principle of "justification and necessity" of data collection, and explores the possible solution frameworks and paths, as well as the ethical difficulties that may still exist in the practice.

In recent years, several research units have introduced solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometers. So far, solid-state NMR spectrometers have not been domestically manufactured and the equipment is completely dependent on imports. Therefore, both the instruments and sample preparation systems are expensive. The sample loading rotor is the crucial consumable in the magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR experiment. However, the extremely tough requirement on dimensional precision poses a great challenge in the machining of rotors. By analyzing the characteristics and practical applications of the imported 3.2 mm rotor and its sample preparation tools, we optimized the connection between the rotor parts, improved the sealing of rotor, and developed the MAS rotor and its sample preparation tools independently. The test results show that the self-made MAS rotor can run normally at 12 kHz, which meets the requirements of conventional solid-state NMR experiments. The sample preparation toolbox has advantages of simplicity and safety.

This paper introduces the formation and application of a low oil-water ratio organoclay-free oil-based drilling fluid. Shale oil and gas are important alternative energy sources. Due to the extremely complex geological conditions, oil-based drilling fluid technology is commonly used to reduce complexity. Although some achievements have been made, there are still problems such as unstable wellbore, difficult rheological control, and high cost. A stable and low-viscosity water-in-oil emulsion system was successfully prepared by using optimized fatty acid imidazolines emulsifier and alkyl alcohol ether wetting agent, which enabled the oil-based drilling fluid to have a larger solid and water phase capacity. On this basis, a special poly-fatty acid amide rheological modifier was used to assist in the regulation of rheological parameters, resulting in a low-viscosity and high-shear structure of the oil-based drilling fluid. This effectively ensured the efficiency of cuttings carrying while reducing the adverse effects of viscosity on Equivalent Circulating Density(ECD). The low oil-water ratio oil-based drilling fluid technology has been applied in a shale gas drilling platform in southern Sichuan, China, which greatly reduces the cost of oil-based drilling fluid while ensuring drilling efficiency.

Longmaxi shale formation has developed beddings and fractures in southern Sichuan, which is prone to well leakage and wellbore instability. In the drilling process of horizontal section of Ning 209H58-2 well, drilling fluid would loss during circulation and return after pump stopped in the same section, which was the obviously respiration effect. The larger amount of leakage and pumping back, the greater the difference of drilling fluid density would be, accompanied by the increasing value of the gas. In this paper, shale was determined to have “screen effect” by assuming methods, the drilling fluid would loss as the equivalent circulating density was greater than the crack opening pressure, and the crack width was just in the size range of barite particle, then the larger size barite cannot enter in shale cracks end gathered together, and low density drilling fluid would penetrated into the formation, and then the drilling fluid density would be high in the first and low then after circulation again. The equivalent circulating density would be controlled by reducing the drilling fluid density, the effects of microfracture opening and respiration would be avoided, and the drilling fluid density would return to normal after circulation. This paper illustrates that the shale screen effect was the main reason for the uneven density of drilling fluid, which was expected to provide technical support for the development of horizontal shale gas Wells.

This article gives a review on domestic and foreign researches on the non-drug intervention for patients with perimenopausal depression published from 2012 to 2022， so as to provide a reference for clinical treatment and nursing. Currently， pharmacotherapy is the mainstay of treatment for perimenopausal depression， while many existing problems remain to be solved such as the variation in treatment effect and the difficulty in maintaining emotional stability. however，high safety and relatively low cost are the characteristics of non-drug intervention， so this article expounds on the non-drug intervention measures for perimenopausal depression， such as music therapy， dietary therapy， exercise therapy， acupuncture therapy and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation （rTMS）.

This paper quantifies the analyst-firm relations based on an informational characteristic-model of analyst coverage innovatively. Furtherly, the rationality of analyst-firm relations is investigated based on the reciprocity between analysts and target firms by examining the impact of analyst-firm relations on stock recommendation and analysts’ earnings forecasting performance. Empirical results suggest that analysts are prompted by close analyst-firm relations to render relatively positive rating for target firms and reciprocated by more firm-specific information for better earnings forecasting performance.

A steady high yield natural gas flow was tapped in the Ordovician strata of Well Gucheng 6 drilled in the Gucheng lower uplift in the Tarim Basin in 2012, marking the discovery of another carbonate gas exploration field after the other two fields in the middle and northern Tarim Basin (the so called Tazhong and Tabei in the industry). The exploration in the Gucheng lower uplift has experienced three stages: the first stage, marine facies clastic exploration from 1995 to 2003, focusing on the Devonian Donghe sandstone lithologic traps, the Silurian overlapping lithologic traps, and the Upper Ordovician shelf slope turbidites; the second stage focusing on the reef shoal carbonate reservoirs from 2003 to 2006, during which oil and gas were first discovered in Well Gucheng 4; the third stage can be divided into two periods, in the first period, deeper insight into interbed karstification reservoir exploration, intense research on tricky seismic issues, selection of favorable zones, and 3D seismic deployment in advance laid a robust foundation for breakthroughs in oil and gas exploration; and during 2009–2012, through an in-depth investigation, Well Gucheng 6 was drilled, bringing about the major breakthrough in oil and gas exploration in this study area. This success proves that the Lower Paleozoic carbonate rocks in the Gucheng area have good geological conditions and broad prospect for oil and gas exploration, which give us enlightenment in three aspects: a. new insight into geologic understanding is the prerequisite of exploration breakthrough; b. addressing bottleneck technologies, and acquiring 3D seismic data are the guarantees of exploration breakthrough; and c. emancipation of mind and persistent exploration are key to the findings in new domains.

Abstract We reported a composite electrolyte prepared by incorporating layered α-titanium phosphate (α-TiP) into an iodide-based electrolyte using 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate(EmimBF4) ionic liquid as solvent. The obtained composite electrolyte exhibited excellent electrochemical and photovoltaic properties compared to pure ionic liquid electrolyte. Both the diffusion coefficient of triiodide (I3 −) in the electrolyte and the charge-transfer reaction at the electrode/electrolyte interface were improved markedly. The mechanism for the enhanced electrochemical properties of the composite electrolyte was discussed. The highest conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) was obtained for the composite electrolyte containing 1wt% α-TiP, with an improvement of 58% in the conversion efficiency than the blank one, which offered a broad prospect for the fabrication of stable DSSCs with a high conversion efficiency.

Imines are important intermediates for synthesizing various fine chemicals, with the disadvantage of requiring the use of expensive metal-containing catalysts. We report that the dehydrogenative cross-coupling of phenylmethanol and benzylamine (or aniline) directly forms the corresponding imine with a yield of up to 98%, and water as the sole by-product, in the presence of a stoichiometric base, using carbon nanostructures as the "green" metal-free carbon catalysts with high spin concentrations, which is synthesized by C(sp2)-C(sp3) free radical coupling reactions. The catalytic mechanism is attributed to the unpaired electrons of carbon catalysts to reduce O2 to O2·-, which triggers the oxidative coupling reaction to form imines, whereas the holes in the carbon catalysts receive electrons from the amine to restore the spin states. This is supported by density functional theory calculations. This work will open up an avenue for synthesizing carbon catalysts and offer great potential for industrial applications.

The formation mechanism of deep effective reservoirs is elaborated based on the analysis of the conditions for forming natural gas accumulations in deep Kuqa Depression. Natural gas charging is closely related to the formation of effective sandstone reservoirs in the deep zone: reservoirs which capture oil and gas in the early period are of better quality during the long burial period; reservoirs which do not capture oil and gas in the early period is compact after deep burial because of compaction. Oil and gas charging before the reservoir is deeply buried significantly inhibits mechanical compaction and fracture closure as well as densification, so the effective pores and fractures will be preserved. The formation conditions of large gas fields in Kuqa Depression are as follows: sufficient coal gas source; great gas generation potential of high-evolution Jurassic source rocks; secondary pores and micro-fissures developed in deep sandstone reservoirs; wide distribution of gypsum-salt cap rock with large thickness; good association of source-reservoir-cap in space; well developed hydrocarbon migration pathways of dominantly faults; high expulsion efficiency; big migration and accumulation coefficient and deep or ultra-deep traps developed below salt structures. Key words: deep zone, low porosity and low permeability reservoir, coal-formed gas, fault transportation system, oil and gas charging, Kuqa Depression