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Objective In view of the constant changes of shield tail clearance during shield or tunnel boring machine excavation process, to ensure construction safety, it is necessary to measure shield tail clearance in real-time. Addressing the shortcomings of non-contact shield tail clearance measurement devices, such as poor environmental adaptability, low accuracy, and high cost, the development and implementation of a contact-type, as in mechanical shield tail clearance measurement device is carried out. Method Angle measurement is conducted using a magneto-sensitive angle sensor, and mathematical calculations are then applied to convert the angle values into distance values and obtain corresponding shield tail clearance values, thereby achieving real-time measurement of the shield tail clearance. Result & Conclusion This device undergoes testing and application in engineering sites, demonstrating satisfactory performance. The mechanical shield tail clearance measurement device enables continuous real-time measurement of the shield tail clearance, with measurement data storable locally and accessible remotely, providing high measurement efficiency. Mechanical measurement does not require complex data processing, resulting in relatively high measurement accuracy, controllable within one millimeter. The cost of this device is low, approximately one-fifth of the non-contact measurement device cost, contributing to cost control efforts.

The core is one of the core strategic resources in the exploration and development of oil and gas fields and plays an important role in the research on facies of oil and gas reservoirs， physical properties of reservoirs， and oil content. Compared with the paper data， the physical geological data of the core has the characteristics of reduction and variability， and the original appearance of the core cannot be preserved for a long time， thus reducing the utilization value of the core. Digital core technologies can collect the original data of the core in time， enrich the geological information of the core， and improve the utilization rate of core data， so it is of great significance to research digital core technologies. According to the production practice of core digitization construction in Shengli Oilfield， the concept， equipment， and technical content of core digitization were described， and many important digital core technologies such as core gamma spectrometry measurement， XRF element testing， magnetic susceptibility testing， and CT scanning were analyzed. The geological application effects of each technology were discussed. The research results show that digital core technologies have the advantages of fast testing， good continuity， large data， and high precision. They can accurately reflect the characteristics of sediment changes and provide an important geological basis for the research on sedimentary genesis， reservoir description and evaluation， material composition， and other issues of shales， carbonate， and glutenite， with a broad application prospect. Digital core data is the continuous data of core scale obtained directly from the core， which is between the original data and the result data in terms of the nature of the data， and it focuses more on the originality of the core， which is the first-hand geological data. Digital core data has unique and important application value and is an important technical means to improve the application level of the core.

The heavy medium rapid sedimentation process is widely used in coal mining wastewater, and its process characteristics are multivariate, nonlinear and time-varying. The precision of dosing affects the effluent index and operating costs of the heavy medium rapid sedimentation process. AI artificial intelligence software, as a data science tool, replaces traditional human experience and intuition with digital technology. Compared with traditional dosing control methods, using an AI artificial intelligence dosing system can accurately adjust the dosing amount in real time based on water quantity and quality, ensuring stable effluent quality and enabling early prediction of effluent quality indicators. This project used AI artificial intelligence software to analyze data on existing heavy medium rapid sedimentation processes, identified potential correlations between data, independently created algorithm models, and validated their effectiveness, ultimately achieved the experimental goal of being applicable for guiding production. Under the same industrial control, AI artificial intelligence could save 13.5% of the dosage compared with traditional dosing, achieving energy conservation and consumption reduction. The AI artificial intelligence dosing system can perform deep learning on continuously increasing data, continuously automatically correct model parameters, and make control more accurate.

In order to investigate the effects of different packaging materials on the quality changes of walnut oil, walnut oil was packaged in open glass beakers, tinplate cans, and glass oil bottles, respectively. The Schaal oven method was used to accelerate the oxidation of oil. The peroxide value, acid value, fatty acid composition and relaxation characteristics were used as evaluation indicators to study the effects of different packaging materials on the oxidative stability and predicted shelf life of walnut oil. When the peroxide value was limited to ≤0.25 g/100 g according to national standards for vegetable oils, the predicted shelf life of walnut oil packed in beakers, tinplate cans, glass oil bottles with added TBHQ, and the blank control were 160, 112, 336 and 64 days, respectively. Throughout the predicted shelf life, the acid values of the walnut oil remained within the range required for grade 2 walnut oil. The order of strength of the oxidation stability of walnut oil with TBHQ added by three packaging materials was glass oil bottle>beaker>tinplate can, and it is recommended to store walnut oil in glass oil bottles for long-term storage.

Objective To ensure the smooth launch of shield tunneling, local ground reinforcement is usually carried out around the originating shaft, resulting in differences in tunnel deformation on both sides of the reinforced area, which can affect tunnel structural safety. However, the characteristics and law of deformation differences are still unclear yet. Hence, it is necessary to conduct a field measurement study on the characteristics of tunnel deformation differences in the reinforced area at large-diameter shield tunnel originating end. Method Taking the large-diameter shield tunnel project on Shanghai City Railway Airport Link Line as example, based on field measurement data, the differential characteristics of shield excavation construction ground vertical deformation, tunnel vertical deformation, and tunnel lateral convergence in the reinforced area of the originating shaft are analyzed. The influence law of local ground reinforcement on deformation differences during large-diameter shield tunnel excavation in soft soil stratum is investigated. Result & Conclusion Local ground reinforcement leads to significant differences in shield tunnel deformation response. The development of ground vertical deformation transitions from 4 stages (disturbance settlement, unloading uplift, consolidation settlement, and relative stability) in the non-reinforced area to 3 stages (disturbance settlement, unloading uplift, and relative stability) in the reinforced area. For tunnel vertical deformation, fluctuating uplift dominates on the non-reinforced side, while settlement dominates in the reinforced area, causing a differential settlement of 0.022% Ls (Ls as the distance between 2 monitoring points along tunnel axis) in the critical area reaching, exceeding the warning value for differential settlement of segmental structures. Regarding tunnel lateral convergence, the reinforced area tunnel structure exhibits a vertical egg-shaped deformation, while a horizontal egg-shaped deformation in the non-reinforced area. During construction, particular attention should be paid to preventing shear damage to circumferential joint bolts and concrete damage to bolts holes caused by segmental structure settlement and convergence differences in the critical area.

A wireless multi-channel hybrid data acquisition system was presented, consisting of two distinct components: a hardware system and a PC data acquisition analysis and processing software system. The hardware system was set with the number of surface electromyography (sEMG) signal acquisition channels and the number of inertial measurement unit (IMU) according to the target requirements by pressing a key, and sEMG signal transmission tasks and kinematics data acquisition tasks corresponding to the number of IMUs were created based on the FreeRTOS operating system, and the mutually exclusive signal volume technique was used to ensure that the data acquired by each task were transmitted to the PC software system via Wi-Fi. The data acquisition tasks were created based on the FreeRTOS operating system, and the kinematics tasks corresponding to the number of IMU sensors were created, and the mutually exclusive signal volume technique was used to ensure that the data acquired by each task was transmitted to the PC software system via Wi-Fi. The designed hybrid data acquisition system is more practical and scalable in the field of motor function rehabilitation for paralyzed limbs compared to the current commercial Trigno wireless based mixed signal acquisition system and other self-developed systems.

Abstract To investigate the effects of different crustal stresses on the stability of gas extraction boreholes, several equations were deduced. Additionally, the coupled flow‐solid model of gas extraction was constructed, given the elasticity−plasticity deformation of the coal body. Using the numerical simulation and analysis software of Comsol, a study was conducted on the deformation and damage of gas extraction boreholes under different crustal stresses. The results are as follows: with vertical stress increasing, the concentration area of shear stress, deformation amount, and the area of the plastic zone around the hole increase. Varied lateral pressure coefficients led to differing distribution positions of shear stress concentration areas and plastic zones around the hole. An increase in lateral pressure coefficient shifted the distribution positions of shear stress maximum. In addition, plastic zone, and permeability ratio maximum change from the left and right sides of the borehole to the upper and lower sides, and the larger the lateral pressure coefficient is, the worse the stability of the upper and lower sides of the borehole is. Higher lateral pressure coefficients inhibited extraction, with the effect becoming more pronounced over time. Elevated vertical stress and lateral pressure coefficients hindered negative pressure propagation in the borehole.

Online teaching is not limited by time, but the problem of low learning efficiency is common. To address this problem, the study proposes an attention mechanism for multidimensional feature fusion, which first detects faces, uses a supervised gradient descent algorithm for face feature point detection, and improves the least-squares ellipse-fitting algorithm to detect the open/closed state of human eyes. The sight detection method is also improved, and the fuzzy inference method is used to identify students’ emotions, and the modules are fused to achieve multidimensional feature fusion attention detection for online teaching. The study found that the average accuracy rate was 84.5% with glasses and 92.0% without glasses. The research method with glasses had an average time consumption of 17 ms, while the method without glasses took 15 ms, indicating higher detection accuracy and faster real-time performance. The improved approach led to higher recognition accuracy and accuracy rate. The detection accuracy of a single feature and the research method was 74.1 and 91.9%, respectively. It shows that the research method helps in the detection of students’ attention in online teaching.

Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is a method to estimate biomechanical properties of soft tissues by recording shear wave propagation using MR imaging. The wave excitation is produced by an external actuator and the properties are inversely calculated based on the wave equation. Biomechanical properties of brain tissue, especially the viscoelastic properties, are closely related to the growth, aging, and disease of brain. This review first introduces the theoretical background of MRE, followed by the physical meaning of the viscoelastic parameters and wave equations used for inversion. Scanning protocols for MRE, along with a specific example focusing on brain MRE, are also described. The paper presents various clinical applications of brain MRE, with a specific emphasis on brain tumors and neurodegenerative diseases. The application of viscoelastic properties as biomarkers in fundamental scientific research, disease diagnosis, and prognosis is discussed. We further highlight the current trends in brain MRE research covering both technical and clinical aspects, providing a reference for future neuroscience research and clinical applications.

This study targets at asymmetric deformation of narrow coal pillar in gob-side entry driving.We put forward the bidirectional reinforcement of narrow pillar with opposite-crossing anchor cable.Specifically, we designed two types of anchor cable structure: the byelongation type and the expansion lock type, and carried out the pull-out test of opposite-crossing anchor cable, the test shows that both anchor cable structures could meet the tensile requirements.We conducted comparative analysis on the morphology of anchor cable failure, construction convenience and the economic aspect of material selection, where the expansion lock type crossed anchor was selected for narrow coal pillar bidirectional reinforcement.Furthermore, we investigated the bearing deformation patterns of coal pillars and the stress characteristics of anchor cables under different reinforcement methods through similar model tests and numerical simulation.Results show a 96.04% increase of peak load in the specimen reinforced by the double-row tight opposite-crossing anchor cable compared with that of the not reinforced specimen, and higher stability of the narrow pillar reinforced by the double-row tight opposite-crossing anchor cable as the rows of the anchor cable increases in number.The expansion lock anchor type crossed cable improved the energy storage and the critical failure point before the coal pillar was destroyed.Finally, the engineering test of expansive lock type crossed anchor cable to reinforcing narrow coal pillar was carried out in the transportation roadway of 123 lower 04 working face of Jining No.3 Coal Mine.The monitoring show that the anchoring force of the anchor cable exceeded 220kN, with 70& reduction of the coal pillar in the reinforcement area and good overall stability of the narrow coal pillar.It proves the feasibility of the bidirectional reinforcement technology of narrow pillar and provides new technical way for gob-side entry driving.

This paper investigated the impact of different b-value acquisition ranges (from 0 to 2 500 s/mm2) on the quantitative parameter calculation of six body diffusion models, including mono-exponential (Mono), diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI), intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM), stretch exponential model (SEM), fractional-order calculus model (FROC), and continuous time random walk model (CTRW). The influence of different b-value acquisition ranges on parameter calculation was evaluated through correlation between diffusion model parameters, t-test, and the ability to differentiate benign and malignant prostate lesions. The results showed that compared with that of the reference sampling scheme (0~2 500 s/mm2), the difference of the mean value of region of interest (ROI) with the same diffusion parameters gradually increases as the maximum b-value decreases, but the correlation decreases only slightly, and the ability to differentiate between benign and malignant prostate lesions remains at a similar level. Based on the experimental results, a b-value range of 0~1 500 s/mm2 is recommended for clinical practice, because this scheme takes collection efficiency into account, the correlation of more than half of its parameters with those of the reference sampling scheme is not less than 0.98, and the difference in the values of area under the curve (AUC) between benign and malignant differentiation is less than 0.01. In addition, the sensitivity of different diffusion models to the b-value scheme varies, with the parameters of SEM and CTRW models being relatively less affected by the b-value range.

This study investigates automatic sorting and handling robots to enhance intelligence and automation in logistics distribution, improve work efficiency, and reduce logistics costs. The kinematics and dynamics models of the sorting and handling robot are established by the study using single-chip microcomputer control technology. For automated item sorting, radio frequency identification (RFID) card scanning technology is combined and the PID control algorithm is examined. A single-chip microcomputer control technology is used to establish the robot’s kinematics and dynamics models and analyze the PID control algorithm. Employing RFID card reading technology facilitates the transportation and automatic sorting of items. The MATLAB software simulates PID parameters and assesses the stability of PID-controlled motors. The primary controller samples and provides feedback from the motor encoder every 10 ms. Setting the left and right motor encoder’s given values to 40 with a corresponding speed of 40, we observe that Option 1’s P parameter is too small, leading to a slow adjustment speed. In contrast, Option 1’s parameters are extensive. Scheme 3’s P parameter is too large, risking system oscillation. After carefully adjusting and selecting Scheme 2, experimental verification demonstrates the sorting and handling robot’s stable operation, achieving the anticipated effect.

Supercavitating vehicles have received significant attention in military applications due to their high underwater speed. This paper aims to establish analytic models of the encounter probability between a supercavitating vehicle and its target in two modes: straight-running mode (SRM) and turning-straight-running mode (TSRM). Mathematical models for the supercavitating vehicle to encounter the target in SRM and TSRM are proposed. An improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm based on local best topology with a penalty function is introduced to plan the TSRM path of the supercavitating vehicle. The particle swarm position is updated by using Cauchy and Gaussian distributions. The judgement indexes of the encounter probability analytic models in SRM and TSRM are determined through statistical analysis. Based on the law of error propagation, the analytic models of judgement index variances in the two modes are derived by using the implicit function differential method, and the integral intervals of their probability density functions are obtained according to the relative motion between the supercavitating vehicle and the target. Monte Carlo simulations and hypothesis testing are utilized to verify the accuracy and feasibility of the encounter probability analytic models in SRM and TSRM.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by excessive aggregation of B-cell-derived malignant plasma cells in the hematopoietic system of bone marrow. Previously, we synthesized an innovative molecule named dihydrocelastrol (DHCE) from celastrol, a triterpene purified from medicinal plant Tripterygium wilfordii. Herein, we explore the therapeutic properties and latent signal transduction mechanism of DHCE action in bortezomib (BTZ)-resistant (BTZ-R) MM cells. In this study, we first report that DHCE shows antitumor activities in vitro and in vivo and exerts stronger inhibitory effects than celastrol on BTZ-R cells. We find that DHCE inhibits BTZ-R cell viability by promoting apoptosis via extrinsic and intrinsic pathways and suppresses BTZ-R MM cell proliferation by inducing G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest. In addition, inactivation of JAK2/STAT3 and PI3K/Akt pathways are involved in the DHCE-mediated antitumor effect. Simultaneously, DHCE acts synergistically with BTZ on BTZ-R cells. PSMB5, a molecular target of BTZ, is overexpressed in BTZ-R MM cells compared with BTZ-S MM cells and is demonstrated to be a target of STAT3. Moreover, DHCE downregulates PSMB5 overexpression in BTZ-R MM cells, which illustrates that DHCE overcomes BTZ resistance through increasing the sensitivity of BTZ in resistant MM via inhibiting STAT3-dependent PSMB5 regulation. Overall, our findings imply that DHCE may become a potential therapeutic option that warrants clinical evaluation for BTZ-R MM.

To explore the concept of radiation dermatitis wet healing through a literature review and provide references for future treatment of patients with radiation skin injury.

Abstract Background There is a recognized need for additional approaches to improve the accuracy of extrathyroidal extension (ETE) diagnosis in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) before surgery. Up to now, multimodal ultrasound has been widely applied in disease diagnosis. We investigated the value of radiomic features extracted from multimodal ultrasound in the preoperative prediction of ETE. Methods We retrospectively pathologically confirmed PTC lesions in 235 patients from January 2019 to April 2022 in our hospital, including 45 ETE lesions and 205 non-ETE lesions. MaZda software was employed to obtain radiomics parameters in multimodal sonography. The most valuable radiomics features were selected by the Fisher coefficient, mutual information, probability of classification error and average correlation coefficient methods (F + MI + PA) in combination with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method. Finally, the multimodal model was developed by incorporating the clinical records and radiomics features through fivefold cross-validation with a linear support vector machine algorithm. The predictive performance was evaluated by sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, F1 scores and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) in the training and test sets. Results A total of 5972 radiomics features were extracted from multimodal sonography, and the 13 most valuable radiomics features were selected from the training set using the F + MI + PA method combined with LASSO regression. The multimodal prediction model yielded AUCs of 0.911 (95% CI 0.866–0.957) and 0.716 (95% CI 0.522–0.910) in the cross-validation and test sets, respectively. The multimodal model and radiomics model showed good discrimination between ETE and non-ETE lesions. Conclusion Radiomics features based on multimodal ultrasonography could play a promising role in detecting ETE before surgery.

In the digital economy era, digital transformation aligns with sustainable development and national policies. This research examines enterprise economic output through human and physical capital driven by digital transformation. Utilizing the TrAdaBoost algorithm in transfer learning, we predict economic risks for enterprises. We propose an optimization path for digital economic management systems. Furthermore, we empirically analyze the current financial management and challenges of digital transformation at Company X, laying the groundwork for identifying and analyzing digital transformation risks. Our findings indicate the significant influence of risk-free interest rate (0.1781), GDP (0.1732), and money supply (0.1668) on enterprise economic risk, guiding enterprises to mitigate these impacts during digital transformation.

In this paper, we propose a distributed secondary FM control method for microgrids to address the problem that the operating cost of microgrids increases significantly under load dropout and use the consistency algorithm to make the system reasonably distribute the load power to re-achieve the stable state. In the actual microgrid, the communication delay discusses the influence of information transmission and system stability. Simulation experiments are used to verify and set different convergence coefficients to obtain a suitable range of convergence coefficients. Then, the microgrid economic power allocation algorithm was used to describe the operating cost of microsources and limit the generator output power of the microgrid system to obtain the microgrid economic power allocation values. The cost amount of MG1 is $1327.3 in the equal micro-increase rate consistency calculation. The control condition test reduced 73.14 kWh in the overall load outage of intelligent microgrid control. The power system’s efficiency can be improved through a control method using intelligent information processing.

This paper first analyzes the basic law of the formation process of volleyball skills, puts forward the four-stage theory based on this, and then gives the elements of modern volleyball players’ competitive ability. Then, the evaluation system of volleyball players’ competitive level is constructed, the weight of the index is calculated, and the data is analyzed by grey correlation analysis, entropy method and other algorithms. Finally, data mining algorithms such as least square support vector regression and long and short memory neural networks are used to mine different kinds of data to achieve the purpose of risk prediction and timely release of early warning information. Finally, the women’s volleyball team of B City is taken as an example to evaluate and test. The results show that the top four weights of the secondary indexes are running height, field of vision, serving skill score and height, and their weights are 0.5157, 0.4862, 0.4431 and 0.4248, respectively. It shows that volleyball players can improve their muscle reaction speed by actively developing the explosive power of their lower limbs so as to improve the mastery of volleyball skills and enhance the level of volleyball competition.

In this paper, facing the digital development of the power grid and the status quo of massive power communication equipment access and targeting the demand for highly intelligent operation and maintenance management of the power grid, combined with neural network technology, we propose an intelligent diagnosis model of power communication equipment faults. Adopting BERT as the vector embedding layer to obtain the vector sequence of fault text, designing a fault entity recognition model for power communication equipment based on BERT-BiGRU-CRF, and completing the construction of the relationship set of fault text. The proposed knowledge graph-based power communication equipment fault intelligent diagnosis model combined with the WBLA-based power communication equipment fault severity level recognition algorithm to obtain different severity fault information, from which a TFIDF-COS-based power communication equipment fault intelligent diagnosis algorithm is designed to realize intelligent diagnosis of power communication equipment faults. After testing, the TFIDF-COS algorithm can get the best optimization effect when the number of hidden layers of the selected algorithm is 1, and the initial learning rate is 0.05, and its accuracy rate can be kept above 98%. Compared with the traditional fault diagnosis system, in terms of the order of magnitude 100M, 500M, 1G, and 5G, the running time is reduced by 322s, 1874s, 4617s, and 7467s, and the accuracy rate is increased by 2.33%, 2.6%, 32.02%, and 61.4%, respectively. Therefore, this paper realizes the accurate positioning of power communication equipment faults and provides technical support for intelligent operation and maintenance of the power grid.

The microstructure of martensitic steel is analyzed by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The low-cycle fatigue (LCF) test of martensitic steel with different strain amplitudes is carried out by MTS universal hydraulic servo testing machine. The damage accumulation and cyclic elastic-plastic constitutive model of martensitic steel are studied. The influence of tempering on hysteretic loop and fatigue damage is discussed. With the tempering temperature increasing, the area of hysteresis loop increase, the hysteresis energy increases, and the fatigue life decreases. According to the fatigue damage accumulation model of the hysteresis energy method, an improved kinematic and isotropic composite hardening model is proposed in tempering temperature. This model is used to simulate the LCF behavior before fracture under LCF load and to predict the fatigue life with the variation of applied strain amplitude and tempering temperature. The verification results show that the modified model can well describe the phenomenon of acceleration of cyclic softening and great reduction of cyclic stress.

PURPOSETo investigate the diagnostic efficiency of the kinetic curves of enhanced lesions on contrast-en-hanced spectral mammography (CESM) and whether they were similar to those of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).METHODSTwo hundred and twelve patients with 222 enhanced lesions were included in this prospective study. Single-view craniocaudal of an affected breast was acquired at 3, 5, and 7 min after contrast media injection. The kinetic patterns of each lesion were evaluated and classified as elevated (type I), steady (type II), and depressed (type III). Statistical comparison used the chi-squared test, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and Cohen’s kappa.RESULTSOf 222 enhanced lesions, 140 were breast cancers, and 82 were benign lesions. The distribution of the kinetic curves for breast cancer was type I, 3.57%, type II, 35.71%, and type III, 60.72%. As for benign lesions, the distribution was type I, 43.90%, type II, 45.12%, and type III, 10.98%. The difference in the enhancement patterns between benign lesions and breast cancers was significant (P < 0.001). The likelihood of breast cancer related to a type I, II, and III curve was 12.20%, 57.47%, and 90.43%, respectively. For the enhancement intensity, the area under curve (AUC) of the ROC curves was 0.702 ± 0.036; for enhancement patterns, the AUC increased to 0.819 ± 0.030. Cohen’s kappa coefficient was 0.752 (P < 0.001) regarding the kinetic curves for CESM and MRI.CONCLUSIONThe kinetic patterns on CESM show promise in differentiating between benign lesions and breast cancers, with good agreement, when compared with MRI.

【Objective】 Biochar has been widely used to amend degraded soils to improve their quality and fertility. The aim of this paper is to investigate the change in hydraulic properties of clay soils after being amended by cotton biochar. 【Method】 The experiment was conducted in repacked columns, with soil in the top 20 cm being amended by biochar at weight ratio 0 (C0), 1% (C0), 2% (C2) and 4% (C4), respectively. Each biochar amendment was associated with three irrigation treatments: 4 200 (W1), 5 100 (W2) and 6 000 m3/hm2 (W3). For each treatment, we measured the advance of wetting front in the column, cumulative infiltration and infiltration rate, as well as water distribution in the soil. 【Result】 Biochar amendment enhanced water infiltration, with the enhancement increasing with biochar application amount. Compared with C0, C1, C2 and C3 increased initial infiltration rate, average infiltration rate, steady infiltration rate by 6.5%, 22.8% and 32.0%; 6.9%, 16.8% and 21.4%; and 1.4%, 38.6% and 40.9%, respectively. After the infiltration front crossed the top 20cm of soil layer, compared to C0, C1, C2 and C3 increased the cumulative infiltration by 5.0%, 6.0% and 9.8%, and soil water content at the column bottom by 1.2%, 4.5% and 6.3%, respectively. Overall, the cumulative infiltration increased with biochar application amount. On average, approximately 63.6%, 53.3% and 46.6% of the irrigated water in W1, W2 and W3 was stored in the soils, and the capacity the top 20 cm of soil layer to hold water increased with the biochar application amount. 【Conclusion】 Amending clay soil by cotton-stalk biochar improved its ability to store and infiltrate water. The improved ability of the amended top 20 cm soil layer was positively correlated with biochar application amount. Water percolation and evaporation was affected by irrigation amount more than by biochar amendment. Our results have implications for improving physical quality and productivity of clay soils.

Abstract Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease and is clinically characterized by a series of motor symptoms (MS) and nonmotor symptoms (NMS). NMS often appear before MS, while cognitive impairment mostly occurs within a few years after the diagnosis of PD. Therefore, we aimed to predict the risk factors for cognitive impairment (CI) in PD patients based on transcranial sonography, clinical symptoms, and demographic characteristics. Methods Based on the occurrence time of CI, a total of 172 PD patients were divided into non-CI (N-CI, n = 48), CI at the first treatment (F-CI, n = 58), and CI at the last treatment (L-CI, n = 66) groups. Clinical data (including MS and NMS) and ultrasonic data of all patients at the first treatment and the last treatment were collected retrospectively. Independent samples t tests were used to compare continuous data, and chi-square tests were used to compare categorical data. The risk factors for CI and Parkinson’s disease dementia were identified by logistic regression analysis, and an ROC curve was established to explore the diagnostic efficacy. Results 1) The age of onset, first treatment and smoking history of CI patients were significantly different from those of N-CI patients. When age of first treatment ≥61 years was considered the boundary value to diagnose CI, the sensitivity and specificity were 77.40 and 66.70%, respectively. 2) The severity of depression was significantly different between F-CI and N-CI patients at the first treatment, while the cumulative and new or aggravated memory deficit was significantly different between the L-CI and N-CI patients at the last treatment. 3) There was a significant difference in TCS grading between the first and last treatment in L-CI patients. 4) Depression, sexual dysfunction, and olfactory dysfunction in NMS were independent risk factors for CI during the last treatment. 5) The sensitivity and specificity of predicting CI in PD patients were 81.80 and 64.60%, respectively. Conclusions PD patients with CI were older, and most of them had a history of smoking. Furthermore, there was good diagnostic efficiency for predicting CI in PD via TCS combined with clinical characteristics (especially NMS).

ObjectiveTo investigate the genetic polymorphism of InDel loci in SifalnDel 45plex system in the Han population in Jiangsu Province and the Mongolian population in Inner Mongolia, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the system in forensic medicine.MethodsSifaInDel 45plex system was used for genotyping in blood samples of 398 unrelated individuals from the above two populations, and allele frequencies and population genetic parameters of the two populations were calculated respectively. Eight intercontinental populations in the gnomAD database were used as reference populations. The genetic distances between the two studied populations and eight reference populations were calculated based on the allele frequencies of 27 autosomal-InDels （A-InDels）. The phylogenetic trees and multidimensional scaling （MDS） analysis diagrams were constructed accordingly.ResultsAmong two studied populations, the 27 A-InDels and 16 X-InDels showed no linkage disequilibrium between each other and the allele frequency distributions were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The CDP of the 27 A-InDels in two studied populations were all higher than 0.999 999 999 9, and the CPEtrio were all less than 0.999 9. The CDP of the 16 X-InDels in Han in Jiangsu and Mongolian in Inner Mongolia female and male samples were 0.999 997 962, 0.999 998 389, and 0.999 818 940, 0.999 856 063, respectively. The CMECtrio were all less than 0.999 9. The results of population genetics showed that the Jiangsu Han nationality, Inner Mongolia Mongolian nationality and East Asian population clustered into one branch, showing closer genetic relationship. The other 7 intercontinental populations clustered into another group. And the above 3 populations displayed distant genetic relationships with the other 7 intercontinental populations.ConclusionThe InDels in the SifaInDel 45plex system have good genetic polymorphism in the two studied populations, which can be used for forensic individual identification or as an effective complement for paternity identification, and to distinguish different intercontinental populations.

As a common complication of diabetes, diabetic pain neuropathy (DPN) is caused by neuron intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Neuron intrinsic factors include neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress, while extrinsic factors are associated with glial activation. The present study was performed to reveal the functions of miR-130a-3p in apoptosis and oxidative stress of the high glucose (HG)-stimulated primary neurons as well as in the activation of microglial and astrocytes. Primary neurons, microglial, and astrocytes were isolated from newborn mice. Apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry analysis and western blotting. Reactive oxygen species and glutathione levels were assessed to determine the oxidative stress. Markers of glial cells were detected by immunofluorescence staining. The results revealed that miR-130a-3p deficiency alleviated apoptosis and oxidative stress of HG-stimulated neurons as well as suppressed microglial and astrocyte activation. Moreover, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) was found as a target downstream of miR-130a-3p. S1PR1 knockdown partially rescued the inhibitory effects of silenced miR-130a-3p on neuronal injury and glial activation. In conclusion, miR-130a-3p targets S1PR1 to activate the microglial and astrocytes and to promote apoptosis and oxidative stress of the HG-stimulated primary neurons. These findings may provide a novel insight into DPN treatment.

The Manas River Basin is located in the inland arid area of China. It has a unique natural environment that contains a mountain, oasis, and desert complex ecosystem. Changes in land use type have had significant impacts on the social, economic, and ecological environment in the basin. Based on the remote sensing interpretation data of land use types from 1980 to 2020 in the Manas River Basin, using ArcGIS 10.2 and Fragstats 4.2 and other software to study the temporal and spatial evolution of land use, landscape pattern, and ecological service value (ESV) in the Manas River Basin, several key results were obtained. (1) Unused land accounted for the largest proportion of the total area at about 44%, and the smallest proportion was construction land at 1%, the construction land and farmland areas increased significantly to 82.16 and 34.87%, while the woodland and grassland area decreased to 15.06 and 14.34%, respectively. (2) Between 1980 and 2020, the inflows and outflows of the quantitative transfer tracks for farmland, grassland, and unused land were highly dominant, but the frequent conversion among various types of land led to the transfer tracks becoming more diversified. (3) From 1980 to 2020 the complexity and fragmentation of landscape in the basin decreased, and the heterogeneity, differences, and connectivity of the landscape increased. (4) The ESV of the Manas River Basin had a tendency to initially decrease and then increase, which increased from 237.27 × 108 yuan in 1980 to 238.10 × 108 yuan in 2020. The above research results can not only provide a basis for the ecological improvement of the Manas River Basin but also provide a reference for the study of other basins/regions in arid areas.

Cetuximab is one of the most valuable targeted therapy monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the mechanisms affecting cetuximab resistance in CRC treatment remain unclear. Metabolism, especially fatty acid metabolism, has been reported to play an important role in tumor treatment. The correlation between cetuximab resistance and metabolism and whether it can be a new biomarker to evaluate the sensitivity of cetuximab in CRC treatment still need to be further explored. In this study, we perform a comprehensive analysis to confirm the relationship between fatty acid metabolism and cetuximab resistance, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to cetuximab drug resistance in CRC are screened by bioinformatics technology. We find that acetyl-CoA carboxylase beta (ACACB), ADH1C, CES1, MGLL, FMO5, and GPT are the hub DEGs, and ACACB is the most important biomarker among them. In addition, we systematically analyze the role of ACACB in the tumorigenesis of CRC, including tissue expression, CRC cell growth, cetuximab sensitivity, and potential downstream pathways, by using bioinformatics techniques, in vitro experiments and clinical cohort validation. Our results confirm that cetuximab resistance is correlated with metabolism. ACACB can lead to decreased sensitivity to cetuximab in CRC, and its mechanism may be related to EGFR phosphorylation, which could affect the activation of the mTOR/Akt signaling pathway and regulation of CDT1-, cyclin D1-, and p21-related cell cycle modulation.

The purpose of this study was to find a suitable model to evaluate the relationship between temperature and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and explore the effects of cold spells and heat waves on the clinicopathological parameters of ICH patients.

ObjectiveTo study the genetic polymorphism and population genetic parameters of 16 X-STR loci in Xinjiang Uygur population.MethodsThe Goldeneye® DNA identification system 17X was used to amplify 16 X-STR loci in 502 unrelated individuals （251 females and 251 males）. The amplified products were detected by 3130xl genetic analyzer. Allele frequencies and population genetic parameters were analyzed statistically. The genetic distances between Uygur and other 8 populations were calculated. Multidimensional scaling and phylogenetic tree were constructed based on genetic distance.ResultsIn the 16 X-STR loci, a total of 67 alleles were detected in 502 Xinjiang Uygur unrelated individuals. The allele frequencies ranged from 0.001 3 to 0.572 4. PIC ranged from 0.568 8 to 0.855 3. The cumulative discrimination power in females and males were 0.999 999 999 999 999 and 0.999 999 999 743 071, respectively. The cumulative mean paternity exclusion chance in trios and in duos were 0.999 999 997 791 859 and 0.999 998 989 000 730, respectively. The genetic distance between Uygur population and Kazakh population was closer, and the genetic distance between Uygur and Han population was farther.ConclusionThe 16 X-STR loci are highly polymorphic and suitable for identification in Uygur population, which can provide a powerful supplement for the study of individual identification, paternity identification and population genetics.

Despite many advances in diagnosis and therapy (surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy), cancer remains one of the most important public health problems worldwide. Every day, the role of exosomes in cancer development and metastasis is being better described. Liquid biopsy was developed for early detection of cancer through minimally invasive and serial examinations of body fluids, with the advantage of tracking tumor progression in real time. Exosomes are extracellular membrane vesicles with a diameter of 30–100 nm, which are secreted by various types of cells and are present in most biological fluids. For a long time, they were considered non-functional cellular components, and today it has already been proven that they are a means of intercellular information exchange. They can move bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, RNA and DNA. Several studies have shown that their contents, including proteins and noncoding nucleic acids, may be of particular interest as biomarkers of diseases. The vast majority of gene transcripts are actually characterized as noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and are clusters of RNAs that do not encode functional proteins. They can be small, about 20 nucleotides in length, and are known as microRNAs (miRNAs), or transcripts over 200 nucleotides in length, defined as long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs).LncRNAs are a large group of ncRNAs over 200 nucleotides in length. LncRNAs, as regulatory factors, play an important role in complex cellular processes such as apoptosis, growth, differentiation, proliferation, etc. Recently, the results of many studies have also shown their essential role in carcinogenesis. Endogenous lncRNAs can be secreted by tumor cells into human biological fluids in the form of microvesicles, exosomes, or protein complexes, thereby forming circulating lncRNAs that are not degraded by RNA and are in a stable state. Aberrant expression of lncRNAs has been observed in cancer patients. In this context, endogenous lncRNAs can regulate the basic characteristics of cancer cells by controlling the expression of oncogenes associated with their suppressive and oncogenic functions. Therefore, circulating lncRNAs can be excellent biomarkers in cancer as well.This paper provides an overview of current research on the functional role of lncRNAs in cancer and their potential clinical applications as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancer.

Biochar-based fertilizers are used to improve soil’s physiochemical and biological properties and increase fertilizer utilization rate. Therefore, a technological model of biochar-based fertilizers is essential for the reduced application. This study was conducted to determine the effects of the different levels of biochar-based fertilizer applications on soil and plant nutrient content, as well as maize yield. Biochar-based fertilizer increased the total N content of maize stem and kernel and the total P content of maize axis and kernel. Biochar-based fertilizer increased the total P but decreased the total K of maize plants while increasing the fertilizer’s partial productivity. Treatment B1 (600.00 kg hm−2 of biochar-based fertilizer) increased the dry-matter weight of the maize at silking and filling stages by 1.60 and 15.83%. Treatment B1 increased the ear length, diameter, and plant height. Compared with BCK (600.00 kg hm−2 of conventional fertilizer), the yield of B1 was increased by 9.23%, and the difference was significant (p < 0.05). Biochar-based fertilizer treatments B2–B5 (biochar-based fertilizer reduced by 5–20%) reduced maize yield, but there was no significant difference between their yield and BCK. This study aimed to provide a basic understanding and reference for maize fertilizer reduction with good application prospects.

Background: COVID-19 is a new coronavirus that constitutes a great challenge to human health. At this stage, there are still cases of COVID-19 infection in some countries and regions, in which ischemic stroke (IS) is a risk factor for new coronavirus pneumonia, and patients with COVID-19 infection have a dramatically elevated risk of stroke. At the same time, patients with long-term IS are vulnerable to COVID-19 infection and have more severe disease, and carotid atherosclerosis is an early lesion in IS. Methods: This study used human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived monolayer brain cell dataset and human carotid atherosclerosis genome-wide dataset to analyze COVID-19 infection and carotid atherosclerosis patients to determine the synergistic effect of new coronavirus infection on carotid atherosclerosis patients, to clarify the common genes of both, and to identify common pathways and potential drugs for carotid atherosclerosis in patients with COVID-19 infection Results: Using several advanced bioinformatics tools, we present the causes of COVID-19 infection leading to increased mortality in carotid atherosclerosis patients and the susceptibility of carotid atherosclerosis patients to COVID-19. Potential therapeutic agents for COVID-19 -infected patients with carotid atherosclerosis are also proposed. Conclusions: With COVID-19 being a relatively new disease, associations have been proposed for its connections with several ailments and conditions, including IS and carotid atherosclerosis. More patient-based data-sets and studies are needed to fully explore and understand the relationship.

BackgroundHyperglycemia plays a significant role in the development and progression of diabetic complications. While carnosine is a putative scavenger of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) , its availability in tissue is limited by the activity of serum carnosinase-1 (CN-1) . So far, the correlations of skin AGEs and serum CN-1 concentration with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) , and microvascular complications in T2DM are still unclear.ObjectiveTo investigate the relationships of skin AGEs, and serum CN-1 with microvascular complications in T2DM to evaluate the predictive values of skin AGEs and serum CN-1 for diabetic complications.MethodsA total of 134 inpatients with T2DM were recruited from the Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University between January and March 2021.Their clinical data were collected. Pearson correlation analysis and Spearman rank correlation analysis were used to examine the correlation between skin AGEs and serum CN-1, and the correlations of skin AGEs and serum CN-1 with demographic and serological data, diabetic microvascular complications and other diseases. The influencing factors of skin AGEs and serum CN-1 were investigated by multiple linear regression analysis.ResultsOut of all subjects, there were 13 (9.7%) cases of diabetic retinopathy (DR) , 38 (28.4%) cases of diabetic nephropathy (DN) , 56 (41.8%) cases of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) , and 79 (59.0%) cases of diabetic peripheral vascular disease. The skin AGEs level was (80.2 ±10.6) and serum CN-1 concentration was (6.9±3.4) μg/L on average. Correlation analyses demonstrated that gender, age, and DR were positively correlated with skin AGEs (P

It is essential to analyze the dynamic characteristics of regional groundwater levels and their driving factors for the rational development of groundwater in irrigated areas. This article explores the spatial distribution characteristics of the amplitude of groundwater level change in the Shihezi irrigated area by using the ArcGIS interpolation method and contrast coefficient variance method and analyzes the influence factors of dynamic change of groundwater levels by integrating the grey relational degree and path analysis methods and obtaining the sensitivity of each influencing factor to changes in groundwater levels and the relative importance of the influencing factors. The following results are obtained: (1) the groundwater level of the Shihezi irrigated area showed an overall increasing trend from 2012 to 2019, with a fluctuation range of 12.26–14.14 m. The groundwater level in the southeast of the irrigated area showed an upward trend, while the groundwater level in the northwest area showed a downward trend. (2) The groundwater level in the irrigated area first increased, then decreased, and then increased again. The variance of the contrast coefficient in the irrigated area ranged from 0.04 to 11.31, and the fluctuation range of the groundwater level in the central area was higher than that in the northern and southern areas. (3) The irrigated area of cultivated land and evaporation are the main factors affecting groundwater level change in the Shihezi irrigated area. The grey relation analysis shows that the irrigated area of cultivated land has the highest grey correlation degree with the evolution of the groundwater level, which is 0.947, and the average grey correlation index is between 0.74 and 0.95. Path analysis showed that the irrigated area of cultivated land, surface water usage, and evaporation were the main factors affecting groundwater levels. Human activities are one of the main driving forces of groundwater level change, and the research results provide a theoretical basis for the rational utilization and sustainable development of groundwater resources in the Shihezi irrigation area.

Under the background of the long-term coexistence of the 4th and 5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology (4G and 5G), as the Segment Routing (SRv6) protocol standard based on the Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) forwarding plane is basically mature, SRv6 and Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) interoperability and convergence in the mobile bearer network has been highlighted. This article discusses the methods on how to smoothly enable the interoperability and convergence of SRv6 and MPLS. It also proposes an efficient approach for all telecommunication operators to consult.

In the smelting process of high manganese steel, the volatilization of manganese will be accompanied. In this article, the volatilization of manganese in high manganese steel was studied by simultaneous thermal analyzer. The results show that the volatilization rate of manganese in high manganese steel increases with increasing temperature and holding time. It is proved by experimental study and data analysis that manganese volatilization follows the first-order kinetics model, and the empirical formula of manganese evaporation is derived. The volatile products of manganese were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that the volatile components of manganese mainly consisted of MnO, Mn3O4, Mn2O3, and MnO2. Combined with thermodynamics, the mechanism of manganese volatilization is further analyzed, and two forms of manganese volatilization in high manganese steel are revealed. One is that manganese atoms on the surface of high manganese steel and oxygen atoms in the gas form different types of manganese oxides and then volatilize at high temperature. The other way is that Mn atoms vaporize into Mn vapor and evaporate in high temperature environment, and then are oxidized into different types of manganese oxides. The results of theoretical calculation and experiment show that manganese volatilization is mainly in the first form.

A method based on ultra performance convergence chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPC2-MS/MS) was established for the determination of ten kinds of azo dyes (ADs) in Chinese medicinal materials. The analytical conditions were optimized, and the matrix effect was investigated. The samples were crushed, and extracted by N-hexane. In order to remove the terpenoids and free fatty acids, the Cleanert Alumina N (60 mg/3 mL) solid phase extraction columns were used to purify the solutions for inducing strong matrix effects. The resulting solution was separated on a Viridis HSS C18 SB column (150 mm×2.1 mm×1.8 μm) under isocratic elution, and the flow rate was 1.5 mL/min. Supercritical carbon dioxide and methanol (containing 10 mmol/L-ammonium formate) were used as the mobile phases. The separated compounds were analyzed with an electrospray ionization source at positive and multiple reaction monitor modes. Methanol (containing 3% water and 0.2% formic acid) was used as the auxiliary pump mobile phase, and the flow rate was 0.3 mL/min. The external standard method was used to quantitatively analyze the ADs. Good linear relationships are obtained between the peak area and concentration in the corresponding mass concentration ranges with the correlation coefficients (r2) not less than 0.998 8. The limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) are 0.2~1.0 μg/kg (S/N=3) and 0.5~2.5 μg/kg (S/N=10), respectively. The average recoveries at three spiked levels are in the range of 92.0%~106.2% (n=9). The relative standard deviations are in the range of 1.9%~4.2% (n=9). The matrix effects in the case of the samples were weak. The developed method was successfully used to determine the ten kinds of ADs in actual samples. Sudan Ⅰ and Sudan Ⅳ were detected in one safflower sample, and their amounts were 7.2 mg/kg. Meanwhile, the secondary mass spectrometry of this sample were analyzed to avoid false positive. The research findings provided accurate data to assess the exposure risk of ADs in Chinese medicinal materials. The method is fast, simple, sensitive, high specificity, environment friendly, which can provide an effective way to determine the content of azo dyes in Chinese medicinal materials. However, this method has some limitations. The resolution ratio of the mass spectrometer used in this method is too low for qualitative analysis of unknown compounds. It's difficult to qualitative the suspect ADs particularly accurate in samples which outside the scope of the investigation.