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To replace explosive nitrate-based chemicals in MS medium, this study developed a new, safer, and more cost-effective method using fertilizer-grade calcium ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate. This approach replaces ammonium nitrate and potassium nitrate, ensuring both safety and cost efficiency for sugarcane propagation. Six local sugarcane varieties—Zhongtang1 (ZT1), Zhongtang3 (ZT3), Zhongtang6 (ZT6), Guitang42 (GT42), Guitang44 (GT44), and Guiliu 07150 (GT07150)—were used. In the control group (Ck), nitrate ions (NO3−) were 39.28 mM, and ammonium ions (NH4+) were 20.49 mM, with a 2:1 ratio. In the treatment groups, the concentrations of nitrate ions (NO3−) and ammonium ions (NH4+) included treatment 1 (19.69 mM NO3− and 10.3 mM NH4+), treatment 2 (29.54 mM and 15.44 mM), treatment 3 (39.38 mM and 20.59 mM), treatment 4 (49.225 mM and 25.74 mM), treatment 5 (59.07 mM and 30.89 mM), and treatment 6 (68.915 mM and 36.03 mM), respectively, all with the same 2:1 ratio. Fifty bottles per treatment, with three replicates, were used for each sugarcane plantlets treatment. After five subcultures, the optimal ratio was determined by assessing morphological and physiological parameters, nitrogen levels, and SOD enzyme activity. The results indicated that treatment 3 (39.38 mM and 20.59 mM) and treatment 4 (49.225 mM and 25.74 mM) had the best morphological and physiological indicators. The optimal doses of calcium ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate were found in treatments 3 and 4, as well as in the control, with no significant difference among them. However, treatment 3, due to its lower dose, was more cost effective. To improve cost efficiency in practical production, it is recommended to use the lower concentration ratio of treatment 3 for plant tissue culture plantlets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The yield increase effect was analyzed by planting disease-free sugarcane seedlings, and the differential expression of three monosaccharide transporter genes (SGT1, SGT2 and PST2a) in disease-free and untreated sugarcane seedlings was studied to clarify the functions of these genes on sugarcane yield. The yield was increased by 27.2% by planting disease-free sugarcane seedlings. The expression levels of SGT1, SGT2 and PST2a in leaves of virus-free plants were 1--20 times higher than those in untreated sugarcane plants during the whole growth period. In addition, the expression levels of SGT1 and SGT2 in 1--8 internodes of sugarcane at elongation stage and maturity stage were 1-45 times higher than those in untreated plants. And the expression levels of PST2a in 4-8 internodes of sugarcane plants at elongation stage were 4--7 times higher than those in untreated plants, but there was no difference in expression levels at maturity stage. The functions of different monosaccharide transporters varied among different growth stages. The three kinds of monosaccharide transporters might form a mutual cooperation network, and improved monosaccharide transport efficiency by increasing their self activity to provide more monosaccharide for cell metabolism, favorable for the yield increase of sugarcane stem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The paper was to study the possible mechanism of chitinase gene. [Method] The chitinase gene with inhibitory effect against a variety of pathogenic fungi was cloned and analyzed in this study. [Result] The genome of HAS strain contained an ORF of 834 bp. The homology of coding protein corresponding to ORF with chitosanase [Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168] (ref INP_390566.1) was the highest of 98% (272/277). [Conclusion]Through the analysis of amino acid sequence and secondary structure of the protease, tertiary structure prediction and analysis, HAS strain may play a pivotal role in controlling Sporisorium scitaminea Syd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The paper aimed to screen sugarcane varieties and species layout suitable for Hainan sugarcane area. [Method] Using mixed spores of Ustilago scitaminea Sydow, smut resistance of 21 major sugarcane varieties in national sugarcane regional trial as well as ROC22 and ROC16 were identified through artificial inoculation test and field natural incidence. [Result] Yunzhe99-596, Yuegan42, Guitang29 and Funong39 reached highly resistant and resistant levels to smut in artificial inoculation test. [Conclusion] Most of the varieties showed better resistance to smut in newly planted sugarcane and ratoon sugarcane except Yunzhe 03-103, Liucheng 03-1137 and ROC22. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The paper was to study control effects of 12 kinds of insecticides on sugarcane pests at different periods. [Method] By field experiment, the control effects of different insecticides against sugarcane pests at planting stage, seedling stage and tillering stage of sugarcane were studied. [Result] After seedcane was treated by Chlorantraniliprole, Durivo and Seed soaking, the dead heart seedlings were significantly reduced in fields, and the control effects were 87.13% ± 12.87%, 85.22% ± 14.78%, 82.71% ± 17.29%, respectively; Durivo (seedling emergence rate is 63.00% ± 10.30%) and Seed soaking (seedling emergence rate is 57.75% ± 4.50%) could also significantly enhance seedling emergence rate. After "removal-irrigation" treatment during seedling stage, the control effects of Flubendiamide (76.26% ± 4.31%) and Chlorantraniliprole (61.66% ± 6.65%) against sugarcane stem borer were significantly higher than Virtako (60.17% ± 7.06%) , Deltamethrin(38.75% ± 9.88%) , lambda-cyhalothrin (54.06% ± 6.83%) , 18% Dimehypo AS (37.98% ± 10.31%) and Dipterex (38.64% ± 9.34%) . During tillering stage, with the increased application of 3.6% Dimehypo GR in cultivation and earthing up, the control effect on stem borer was significantly increased, and the control effect reached (72.03% ± 17.06%) as the dosage was 120 kg/hm2 ; when the dosage of phoxim exceeded 30 kg/hm2, the control effect on underground pests reached 44.00% ± 14.80% , and the control effect did not have significant difference as the dosage was ranged from 30 kg/hm2 to 60 kg/hm2. [Conclusion] The paper provided scientific basis for selection of different control methods, different chemicals and dosages against pests during different periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]