Search

Objective: To systematically review and analyze the effects of Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) on physical, psychological, and daily life outcomes in patients with breast cancer. Methods: Relevant studies were retrieved from Wanfang, CBM, CNKI, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase and PubMed from inception to December 2023. Two independent authors conducted the literature search and data extraction. The Cochrane bias risk assessment tool was used to evaluate the included studies for methodological quality, and the data analysis was performed using Stata (Version 15.0). Results: Among 700 records, 11 randomized controlled trials were identified in this study. The meta-analysis showed statistically significant effects of ICBT on depression (standardized mean difference (SMD) = −0.38, 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.70 to −0.06, P = .019) and insomnia severity (SMD = −0.71, 95% CI: −1.24 to −0.19, P = .008). However, there were no statistically significant effects on anxiety, fatigue, sleep quality and quality of life. Conclusions: ICBT appears to be effective for improving depression and reducing insomnia severity in patients with breast cancer, but the effects on anxiety, fatigue, sleep quality and quality of life are non-significant. This low-cost treatment needs to be further investigated. More randomized controlled trials with a larger sample size, strict study design and multiple follow-ups are required to determine the effects of ICBT on patients with breast cancer.

HLA-DQA1*05:01:16 differs from DQA1*05:01:01:01 by two nucleotide substitutions, one in exon 4 and one in intron 1., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Compared with HLA-DRB1*09:01:02:05, the alleles HLA-DRB1*09:57 and HLA-DRB1*09:58 each show one nucleotide change, respectively., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: At present, the diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder（PTSD） mainly relies on clinical symptoms and psychological scales, and finding objective indicators that are helpful for diagnosis has always been a challenge in clinical practice and academic research. Neuroimaging is a useful and powerful tool for discovering the biomarkers of PTSD,especially functional MRI (fMRI), structural MRI (sMRI) and Diffusion Weighted Imaging（DTI）are the most commonly used technologies, which can provide multiple perspectives on brain function, structure and its connectivity. Machine learning (ML) is an emerging and potentially powerful method, which has aroused people's interest because it is used together with neuroimaging data to define brain structural and functional abnormalities related to diseases, and identify phenotypes, such as helping physicians make early diagnosis., Objectives: According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) declaration, a systematic review was conducted to assess its accuracy in distinguishing between PTSD patients, TEHC(Trauma-Exposed Healthy Controls), and HC(healthy controls)., Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science using common words for ML methods and PTSD until June 2023, with no language or time limits. This review includes 13 studies, with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy taken from each publication or acquired directly from the authors., Results: All ML techniques have an diagnostic accuracy rate above 70%，and support vector machine（SVM） are the most commonly used techniques. This series of studies has revealed significant neurobiological differences in key brain regions among individuals with PTSD, TEHC, and HC. The connectivity patterns of regions such as the Insula and Amygdala hold particular significance in distinguishing these groups. TEHC exhibits more normal connectivity patterns compared to PTSD, providing valuable insights for the application of machine learning in PTSD diagnosis., Conclusion: In contrast to any currently available assessment and clinical diagnosis, ML techniques can be used as an effective and non-invasive support for early identification and detection of patients as well as for early screening of high-risk populations., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Background and Purpose: Currently, there is no effective treatment for pediatric patients with complete spinal cord injury. Motor imagery has been proposed as an alternative to physical training for patients who are unable to move voluntarily. Our aim was to reveal the potential mechanism of motor imagery in the rehabilitation of pediatric complete spinal cord injury., Materials and Methods: Twenty-six pediatric patients with complete spinal cord injury and 26 age- and sex-matched healthy children as healthy controls were recruited. All participants underwent the motor imagery task-related fMRI scans, and additional motor execution scans were performed only on healthy controls. First, we compared the brain-activation patterns between motor imagery and motor execution in healthy controls. Then, we compared the brain activation of motor imagery between the 2 groups and compared the brain activation of motor imagery in pediatric patients with complete spinal cord injury and that of motor execution in healthy controls., Results: In healthy controls, compared with motor execution, motor imagery showed increased activation in the left inferior parietal lobule and decreased activation in the left supplementary motor area, paracentral lobule, middle cingulate cortex, and right insula. In addition, our results revealed that the 2 groups both activated the bilateral supplementary motor area, middle cingulate cortex and left inferior parietal lobule, and supramarginal gyrus during motor imagery. Compared with healthy controls, higher activation in the bilateral paracentral lobule, supplementary motor area, putamen, and cerebellar lobules III-V was detected in pediatric complete spinal cord injury during motor imagery, and the activation of these regions was even higher than that of healthy controls during motor execution., Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that part of the motor imagery network was functionally preserved in pediatric complete spinal cord injury and could be activated through motor imagery. In addition, higher-level activation in sensorimotor-related regions was also found in pediatric complete spinal cord injury during motor imagery. Our findings may provide a theoretic basis for the application of motor imagery training in pediatric complete spinal cord injury., (© 2023 by American Journal of Neuroradiology.)

Development after endo-dormancy release ensures perennial plants, such as forest trees, proper response to environmental changes and enhances their adaptability. In northern hemisphere, megasporophore and microsporophore of conifers undergo dormancy to complete their development. Here combined with transcriptome data, we used high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-HPLC-MS/MS) to quantitatively analyse the various hormones (Abscisic Acid (ABA), 3-Indoleacetic acid (IAA), Gibberellins (GAs), Cytokinin (CTK), Jasmonic acid (JA) and Salicylic acid (SA)) of Chinese pine (Pinus tabuliformis Carr.) male strobili after endo-dormancy release. More specifically, we analysed endogenous hormones and their related-genes and verified the important role of ABA in plants growth and development. We observed rapid decrease in ABA content after dormancy release, resulting in reducing the inhibitory effect on male strobili growth. Similarly, rapid drop in ABA/GA ratio was observed and was associated with the start of male strobili growth and development. Combined with transcriptome data, we found that HAB2-SnRK2.10 played a central role in the ABA pathway in the entire network of hormones regulating male strobili development. Due to external environment warming, the differentially expressed HAB2-SnRK gene led to ABA content rapid decline, thus initiating male strobili growth. We constructed a network of hormone-regulated development to understand the interactions between hormones after male strobili dormancy release of male strobili. This study provided essential foundations for studying megasporophore and microsporophore growth mechanism after endo-dormancy and offered new ideas for flower development in gymnosperms and angiosperms., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Studies on rodents and nonhuman primates suggest that exposure to anesthetics, particularly in the young brain, is associated with neuronal apoptosis as well as hippocampal‑dependent cognitive dysfunction. Disruption of the development of dentate gyrus may play an important role in anesthetics‑induced neurotoxicity. However, the anesthetics triggered molecular events in the dentate gyrus of the developing brain are poorly understood. By integrating two independent data sets obtained from miRNA‑seq and mRNA‑seq respectively, this study aims to profile the network of miRNA and potential target genes, as well as relevant events occurring in the dentate gyrus of isoflurane exposed 7‑day‑old mice. We found that a single four hours exposure to isoflurane yielded 1059 pairs of differently expressed miRNAs/target genes in the dentate gyrus. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis further indicates that dysregulated miRNAs/target genes have far‑reaching effects on the cellular pathophysiological events, such as cell apoptosis, axon development, and synaptic transmission. Our results would greatly broaden our functional understanding of the role of miRNA/target gene in the context of anesthetics‑induced neurotoxicity.

In temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), abnormal axon guidance and synapse formation lead to sprouting of mossy fibers in the hippocampus, which is one of the most consistent pathological findings in patients and animal models with TLE. Glypican 4 (Gpc4) belongs to the heparan sulfate proteoglycan family, which play an important role in axon guidance and excitatory synapse formation. However, the role of Gpc4 in the development of mossy fibers sprouting (MFS) and its underlying mechanism remain unknown. Using a pilocarpine-induced mice model of epilepsy, we showed that Gpc4 expression was significantly increased in the stratum granulosum of the dentate gyrus at 1 week after status epilepticus (SE). Using Gpc4 overexpression or Gpc4 shRNA lentivirus to regulate the Gpc4 level in the dentate gyrus, increased or decreased levels of netrin-1, SynI, PSD-95, and Timm score were observed in the dentate gyrus, indicating a crucial role of Gpc4 in modulating the development of functional MFS. The observed effects of Gpc4 on MFS were significantly antagonized when mice were treated with L-leucine or rapamycin, an agonist or antagonist of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signal, respectively, demonstrating that mTOR pathway is an essential requirement for Gpc4-regulated MFS. Additionally, the attenuated spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRSs) were observed during chronic stage of the disease by suppressing the Gpc4 expression after SE. Altogether, our findings demonstrate a novel control of neuronal Gpc4 on the development of MFS through the mTOR pathway after pilocarpine-induced SE. Our results also strongly suggest that Gpc4 may serve as a promising target for antiepileptic studies., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has evolved into a worldwide pandemic, and has been found to be closely associated with mental and neurological disorders. We aimed to comprehensively quantify the association between mental and neurological disorders, both pre-existing and subsequent, and the risk of susceptibility, severity and mortality of COVID-19., Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO, and Cochrane library databases for studies published from the inception up to January 16, 2021 and updated at July 7, 2021. Observational studies including cohort and case-control, cross-sectional studies and case series that reported risk estimates of the association between mental or neurological disorders and COVID-19 susceptibility, illness severity and mortality were included. Two researchers independently extracted data and conducted the quality assessment. Based on I 2 heterogeneity, we used a random effects model to calculate pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Subgroup analyses and meta-regression analysis were also performed. This study was registered on PROSPERO (registration number: CRD 42021230832)., Finding: A total of 149 studies (227,351,954 participants, 89,235,737 COVID-19 patients) were included in this analysis, in which 27 reported morbidity (132,727,798), 56 reported illness severity (83,097,968) and 115 reported mortality (88,878,662). Overall, mental and neurological disorders were associated with a significant high risk of infection (pre-existing mental: OR 1·67, 95% CI 1·12-2·49; and pre-existing neurological: 2·05, 1·58-2·67), illness severity (mental: pre-existing, 1·40, 1·25-1·57; sequelae, 4·85, 2·53-9·32; neurological: pre-existing, 1·43, 1·09-1·88; sequelae, 2·17, 1·45-3·24), and mortality (mental: pre-existing, 1·47, 1·26-1·72; neurological: pre-existing, 2·08, 1·61-2·69; sequelae, 2·03, 1·66-2·49) from COVID-19. Subgroup analysis revealed that association with illness severity was stronger among younger COVID-19 patients, and those with subsequent mental disorders, living in low- and middle-income regions. Younger patients with mental and neurological disorders were associated with higher mortality than elders. For type-specific mental disorders, susceptibility to contracting COVID-19 was associated with pre-existing mood disorders, anxiety, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); illness severity was associated with both pre-existing and subsequent mood disorders as well as sleep disturbance; and mortality was associated with pre-existing schizophrenia. For neurological disorders, susceptibility was associated with pre-existing dementia; both severity and mortality were associated with subsequent delirium and altered mental status; besides, mortality was associated with pre-existing and subsequent dementia and multiple specific neurological diseases. Heterogeneities were substantial across studies in most analysis., Interpretation: The findings show an important role of mental and neurological disorders in the context of COVID-19 and provide clues and directions for identifying and protecting vulnerable populations in the pandemic. Early detection and intervention for neurological and mental disorders are urgently needed to control morbidity and mortality induced by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there was substantial heterogeneity among the included studies, and the results should be interpreted with caution. More studies are needed to explore long-term mental and neurological sequela, as well as the underlying brain mechanisms for the sake of elucidating the causal pathways for these associations., Funding: This study is supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Special Research Fund of PKUHSC for Prevention and Control of COVID-19, and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they do not have any conflicts of interest (financial or otherwise)., (© 2021 The Author(s).)

Resin composite, which is commonly used as a dental filling material, has some problems, such as poor wear resistance, polymerization shrinkage, and poor dentin marginal adaptability. Preheating of resin composite improves its pro-perties. This paper reviewed the effects of resin composite preheating on its monomer conversion, marginal microleakage, mechanical properties, and irritation on dental pulp.

Begonia pulchrifolia is a perennial herb of the genus Begonia and is a near endangered species. Traditional morphological delimitation of B. pulchrifolia is sometimes confused with similar species; therefore, further systematic classification is urgently needed. To enrich the genetic information and guide its molecular identification, the complete chloroplast genome of B. pulchrifolia was sequenced and illustrated. The complete chloroplast genome has a total length of 169,589 bp, containing a large single-copy (LSC, 76,057 bp) and a small single-copy region (SSC, 18,320 bp) separated by a pair of inverted repeat (IR S , 37,606 bp) regions. The overall GC content is 35.56%. A total of 142 genes were annotated, including 91 protein coding genes, 8 rRNA genes and 43 tRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that B. pulchrifolia is more closely related to Momordica charantia and Gomphogyne cissiformis . This study enriches the genetic information of B. pulchrifolia and contributes to its accurate molecular identification., Competing Interests: The authors confirm this article content has no conflict of interest, and all the authors are responsible for the content of this article., (© 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.)

Background: Hypertension is highly prevalent among the older adults. Self-care is an effective method for the secondary prevention of hypertension, but until now, there has been no specialized instrument to evaluate the ability for self-care in elderly Chinese patients with hypertension., Objectives: The aims of this study were to cross-culturally translate the Self-care of Hypertension Inventory into Chinese and apply it to elderly patients with preliminary hypertension., Methods: This is a methodological study with steps that included translation, synthesis, back-translation, back-translation review, expert committee review, pretesting, and submission to authors. We conducted preliminary psychometric analyses that included content validity, item-total correlation, internal consistency reliability, principal factor analysis, and test/retest reliability., Results: The translation equivalence was obtained between the adapted version and the original scale. The item-level content validity index had a range of 0.833 to 1. The scale-level content validity average method and Cronbach α were 0.986 and 0.858 for the total scale, respectively. The test/retest reliability was 0.949. Principal factor analyses showed the presence of 4, 1, and 1 latent factors in 3 separate subscales., Conclusions: The Self-care of Hypertension Inventory has been successfully translated and cross-culturally adapted to Chinese. It is suitable for application to elderly Chinese patients with hypertension.

Objective: To investigate the effects of enriched environment and impoverished environment on the learning and memory ability of manganese-exposed mice and the mechanism., Methods: Forty female Kunming mice were randomly and equally divided into 4 group: control group (CG), standard environment and manganese exposure group (SEG), enriched environment and manganese exposure group (EEG), and impoverished environment and manganese exposure group (IEG). The mouse model of manganese poisoning was established by intraperitoneal injection of manganese chloride. The learning and memory ability was tested by Morris water maze. The expression of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in area CA1 of the hippocampus was measured by immunohistochemistry., Results: In place navigation test, the SEG had a significantly longer escape latency than the CG (P < 0.05), and the EEG had a significantly shorter escape latency than the SEG (P < 0.05); there was no significant difference in escape latency between IEG and SEG (P > 0.05). In spatial probe test, the EEG had a significantly greater number of platform crossings than the SEG (P < 0.05), and the IEG had a significantly smaller number of platform crossings than the SEG (P < 0.05). The expression of CREB in area CA1 of the hippocampus was significantly lower in IEG and SEG than in CG (P < 0.05), and it was significantly higher in EEG than in SEG (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: In the enriched environment, the learning and memory ability of manganese-exposed mice can be improved, which may be due to the increased expression of CREB in the hippocampus.

The crystal structure of durangite, ideally NaAl(AsO(4))F (chemical name sodium aluminium arsenate fluoride), has been determined previously [Kokkoros (1938). Z. Kristallogr.99, 38-49] using Weissenberg film data without reporting displacement parameters of atoms or a reliability factor. This study reports the redetermination of the structure of durangite using single-crystal X-ray diffraction data from a natural sample with composition (Na(0.95)Li(0.05))(Al(0.91)Fe(3+) (0.07)Mn(3+) (0.02))(AsO(4))(F(0.73)(OH)(0.27)) from the type locality, the Barranca mine, Coneto de Comonfort, Durango, Mexico. Durangite is isostructural with minerals of the titanite group in the space group C2/c. Its structure is characterized by kinked chains of corner-sharing AlO(4)F(2) octa-hedra parallel to the c axis. These chains are cross-linked by isolated AsO(4) tetra-hedra, forming a three-dimensional framework. The Na(+) cation (site symmetry 2) occupies the inter-stitial sites and is coordinated by one F(-) and six O(2-) anions. The AlO(4)F(2) octa-hedron has symmetry -1; it is flattened, with the Al-F bond length [1.8457 (4) Å] shorter than the Al-O bond lengths [1.8913 (8) and 1.9002 (9) Å]. Examination of the Raman spectra for arsenate minerals in the titanite group reveals that the position of the band originating from the As-O symmetric stretching vibrations shifts to lower wavenumbers from durangite, maxwellite [ideally NaFe(AsO(4))F], to tilasite [CaMg(AsO(4))F].

Objective: To study the effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) on neurogenesis and learning & memory of manganese poisoning mice., Methods: Healthy adult Kunming mice were divided into 5 groups, the control group (A), the manganese poisoning (by manganese chloride peritoneal injection) group (B), the manganese poisoning and treated with gastric perfusion of high, medium, low dosage LBP groups (C, D and E). The spatial learning & memory capacity of mouse was determined by Morris water maze training test. The neurogenetic cells were labelled with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and detected by immunohistochemistry., Results: The average escape latency was significantly higher and the times of passing through platform lower in group B than those in group A (P<0.05). BrdU positive cells in groups C, D and E were significantly more than those in group B (P<0.05)., Conclusion: LBP could enhance the learning & memory capability of the manganese poisoning mice by promoting neurogenesis in hippocampus.

Several publications have showed that the number of metastatic lymph node (LN) should be taken into consideration in nodal category of esophageal cancer, but seldom considered extent of involved regional LNs. The aim of this study is to evaluate the significance of the extent of regional LN metastasis on survival in patients with esophageal cancer. A total of 245 thoracic esophageal cancer patients underwent transthoracic esophagectomy with standard lymphadenectomy between January 2000 and December 2006 were included in the study. Data including demographic factors, pathologic findings, LN parameters and survival outcomes were collected. The survival experience was depicted using Kaplan-Meier method. A multivariate Cox proportional hazard model was used to screen the significant prognostic factors. The univariate analysis to further explore the significant prognostic factor was done by log-rank test. After a median follow-up of 53.2 months, the 5-year survival rate was 46.3% for the entire cohort. Cox model regression indicated that the LN status and perigastric nodal status, aside from residual tumor status, histological tumor type and depth of invasion, were the independent prognostic factors. Patients without LN metastasis had better 5-year survival than those with positive nodes (64.2% vs. 18.9%, X2=35.875, P<0.001). However, For those patients with nodal involvement, there was no difference in 5-year survival between patients with involved nodes<3 and >or=3 (27.8% vs. 0%, X2=0.925, P=0.336). When considering the location of LN metastasis, patients could be further stratified according to whether the perigastric nodes were involved or not (37.5% vs. 10.0%, X2=4.295, P=0.038). In conclusion, involved LN number had no prognostic implication in nodal involved patients based on our data. Whereas, perigastric nodal involvement should be used to refine the N category (N0, no nodal metastasis, N1, non-perigastric node metastasis, N2, perigastric node metastasis) for the future esophageal cancer staging criteria.

Objective: To explore the effects of manganese poisoning on the proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in mice's hippocampus., Methods: The mice (weight 8 approximately 10 g) were divided into control group(CG) low-dose group(LDG) middle-dose group(MDG) and high-dose group(HDG)by intraperitoneal injection of 0, 5, 20, 50 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) of manganese chloride dissolved in physiological saline. The ability of learning and memory was detected by Morris Water Maze, and the proliferation of NSCs in subgranular zone (SGZ) in these mice's hippocampus was also detected by immunohistochemistry., Results: 1) Compared with the CG, the ability of learning and memory in all manganism group decreased significantly (P < 0.01) and this phenomenon in HDG was most notable (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, the ability of memory was negatively correlated with the dose of manganese chloride (r(s) = -0.598, P < 0.01), but the difference of swimming speed in every group was of no statistic significance. (2) The numbers of NSCs in proliferation period in SGZ of all manganism groups was much lower than that of CG (P < 0.01) negatively correlated with the dose of manganese chloride (r(s) = -0.666, P < 0.01). (3) The reduction of NSCs had a positive correlation to the depression of learning and memory (r(s) = 0.734, P < 0.01)., Conclusions: Manganismus can affect the ability of learning and memory, which is probably caused by the inhalation of manganese on NSCs in hippocampus.

Although the tuberomammillary nucleus (TM) is well defined in terms of anatomy and neurochemistry, little is known about its function in nociceptive modulation. There was an abundance of galanin-immunoreactive fibers in the TM, and galanin has been implicated in pain processing. The present study assessed the role of galanin in the modulation of nociception in the TM of rats. Intra-TM injection of galanin dose-dependently increased the hindpaw withdrawal latency of rats to a noxious thermal stimulus, indicating an antinociceptive role of galanin in the TM. The antinociceptive effect of galanin was blocked by a subsequent intra-TM injection of galantide, a putative galanin receptor antagonist, suggesting that the antinociceptive effect of galanin is mediated by galanin receptors. Moreover, there was abundant galanin receptor 1 (GalR1) in the TM, and the number of GalR1-positive neurons in the ipsilateral TM increased significantly after unilateral loose ligation of the sciatic nerve compared with the contralateral TM or the TM of intact rats. However, the number of GalR1-positive neurons was not significantly altered by carrageenan-induced inflammation, in either the ipsilateral or the contralateral TM. The results suggest that galanin and GalR1 in the TM may play important roles in pain regulation.