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To compare the characteristics of vascular bundle of peduncle and flag leaf and assimilate translocation of stems and leaves and to explore the relationship between the characteristics of vascular bundle and the assimilate translocation of stems and leaves and yield formation, four different types of rice varieties were selected and studied, including indica hybrid rice, indica-japonica hybrid rice, indica conventional rice, and japonica conventional rice. The results showed that there were differences in genotypic phenotypes among the number and anatomical characteristics of vascular bundles of peduncle and flag leaf and non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) translocation in stems and leaves among different rice varieties. Among the four different types of rice varieties, the number of vascular bundles, average cross-section area and phloem area of peduncle and flag leaf of indica hybrid rice and indica-japonica hybrid rice were higher than those of the other two types of rice varieties, and the stem and leaf NSC translocation and yield were also higher than those of the other two types of rice varieties, followed by indica conventional rice. The vascular bundle number, average cross-sectional area and phloem area of peduncle and flag leaf in japonica conventional rice was the lowest, and the NSC translocation and yield of stem leaf was also the lowest. The characteristics of the vascular bundle and the translocation of stems and leaves NSC were affected by nitrogen application levels. Low nitrogen could promote the NSC translocation of stems and leaves, high nitrogen application could increase the number of vascular bundles, the average cross-section area and phloem area of peduncle and flag leaf, but the density of the cross-section vascular bundle of peduncle was decreased. Correlation analysis showed that the number of large and small vascular bundles of peduncle and flag leaf was significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with NSC translocation of stems and leaves, the number of large and small vascular bundles, average cross-section area and phloem area of peduncle and flag leaf were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with yield. In conclusion, selecting rice varieties with well vascular bundle phylogeny and rational application of nitrogen fertilizer can improve the characteristics of vascular bundle, facilitate the translocation of assimilate in stems and leaves, and promote grain yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a study that evaluates the effects of sodium molybdate on apoptosis, cell cycle, and DNA damage of TM3 mouse Leydig cells.

The article focuses on the study which examines the protective effect and role of naringenin against lead-induced damage in brain and blood of rats The study involved the collection of brain and blood from rats to count the haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and red blood cell (RBC). Also mentioned is the investigation of maleic dialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione (GSH).

The article focuses on a study related to determining the effect of molybdenum on nitric oxide metabolism and hepatocellular injury in sheep. Topics discussed include the use of chemical colorimetry, flow cytometry and ultrastructural pathology to examine the effect of molybdenum, presence of increased concentration of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide in liver, and the effect of superoxide dismutase and xanthine oxide activities.

The object of this study was to investigate the effect of molybdenum on the development of mouse preimplantation embryos cultured in vitro. Zygotes were flushed from one outbred mouse strain (Kunming), and then were cultured in potassium simplex optimized medium (KSOM) containing 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 120, and 160 µg/ml of molybdenum for 5 days until the mid-blastocyst stage. The addition of ≤ 20 µg/ml molybdenum did not affect the blastocyst and birth rates. Molybdenum at doses of 40 µg/ml and higher significantly decreased the cleavage, blastocyst and birth rates, the average cell number, and significantly increased the proportion of degenerative blastocysts. At 120 µg/ml molybdenum inhibited the blastocysts development to birth. At 160 µg/ml molybdenum caused overall developmental arrest (up to 16-cells) of embryos and their massive degeneration. In conclusion, molybdenum negatively affected the development of embryos in a dose-dependent manner. With lower doses (≤ 20 µg/ml), mouse embryos were not apparently damaged. With very high doses (≥ 40 µg/ml), embryo quality significantly decreased. This assessment of the effect of molybdenum on the preimplantation embryo is an initial survey of toxicological risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the study regarding the effects of diet supplement arsenate on iron absorption in mice which shows that iron absorption rate decreased by 14.9% when treated with roxarsone (ROX).